Pehea e Loaʻa ai ka Maʻi ADHD: He Alakaʻi Maopopo no nā Mākua a me nā Mākua

ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ADHD e like me ka hoʻopiha ʻana i kahi nīnau. ʻAʻohe hoʻāʻo koko, ʻaʻohe scan lolo, a ʻaʻohe hoʻokahi loiloi e hiki ke hōʻoia. ʻO ka maʻi he lapaʻau – ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma ka loiloi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia o kāu ʻano, ka moʻolelo, a pehea e pili ai kāu mau hōʻailona i kāu hana o kēlā me kēia lā ma nā ʻāpana he nui o ke ola.

Ke alakaʻi nei kēia pou i ke ʻano o ke kaʻina hana, ʻo wai ka poʻe kūpono e hana ia, he aha ka mea e manaʻo ai i ka wā o ka loiloi, a he aha ka mea e hana ai inā ʻoe he kanaka makua ʻaʻole i hoʻāʻo ʻia ma ke ʻano he keiki.

ʻO Wai ka Hiki ke Hoʻomaʻi i ka ADHD

ʻAʻole nā ​​ʻoihana olakino noʻonoʻo a pau i kūpono e hoʻomaʻi i ka ADHD. Hiki i kēia mau ʻano o nā kauka ke hana i ka loiloi:

Hiki i nā kauka maʻi ke hoʻomaʻi i ka ADHD a kuhikuhi i nā lāʻau. Maʻa lākou e hana i nā nīnauele lapaʻau a hiki ke hoʻohana i nā unahi helu, akā ʻaʻole ka hapanui o lākou e hana i nā hoʻāʻo neuropsychological hohonu iā lākou iho.

ʻO nā Psychologists – ʻoi aku ka nui o nā psychologists lapaʻau a i ʻole nā ​​neuropsychologists – ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā loiloi piha loa. Hāʻawi lākou i nā hoʻāʻo cognitive a me ke ʻano i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, loiloi i nā kūlana co-occurring, a hana i kahi hōʻike maʻi kikoʻī.

Hiki i nā Neurologists ke hoʻomaʻi i ka ADHD, ʻoiai lākou e nīnau pinepine ʻia ke pono e kāpae i nā ʻano neurological ʻē aʻe.

Hiki i nā kauka mālama mua a me nā mea kōkua kauka ke hoʻomaʻi i ka ADHD ma nā wahi he nui, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā maʻalahi ka hōʻike. Hiki iā lākou ke kuhikuhi i nā hihia paʻakikī i kahi loea.

ʻAʻole hiki i nā Therapists, counselors, a me nā limahana kaiāulu ke hoʻomaʻi i ka ADHD ma ko lākou mana, ʻoiai lākou e pāʻani paha i ke kuleana i ke kaʻina kuhikuhi a hāʻawi i nā ʻike kōkua. Pono ka maʻi i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa lapaʻau a me nā palapala hōʻoia.

He Aha ka Loiloi

ʻO ke kūlana gula no ka hoʻomaʻi ʻana i ka ADHD – ma nā keiki a me nā mākua – he nīnauele lapaʻau semi-structured i kākoʻo ʻia e ka ʻike kōkua. Wahi a ka UK Adult ADHD Network (UKAAN), hoʻokahi hola ka nui o ka loiloi maikaʻi, a i nā hihia paʻakikī, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ma nā kau he nui.

Eia ka mea i komo maʻamau i ka loiloi piha:

Nīnauele lapaʻau. ʻO kēia ke kikowaena o ke kaʻina hana. E hele ana ka kauka i kāu mau hōʻailona i nā kikoʻī – nā mea o kēia manawa a me ka mōʻaukala – a loiloi inā kū lākou i nā pae 18 DSM 5 ma nā ʻāpana ʻelua: ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻole a me ka hyperactitivy impulsivity. E nīnau lākou e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke kamaliʻi (pono nā hōʻailona i loaʻa ma mua o 12 mau makahiki), pehea e hōʻike ai nā hōʻailona ma nā ʻano ʻokoʻa (hale, hana, kula, pilina), a pehea ka nui o lākou e hoʻopilikia ai i ka hana o kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻopili pū ka nīnauele i kāu moʻolelo hoʻomohala, ka moʻolelo olakino, ka moʻolelo psychiatric ʻohana, ka hoʻonaʻauao, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea.

Nā unahi helu i hoʻonohonoho ʻia. He mau nīnau hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia i hoʻopiha ʻia e ka mea e loiloi ʻia a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e kekahi mea nāna lākou i ʻike maikaʻi – he kāne, makua, kaikuaʻana, a i ʻole hoa hana kokoke. ʻO nā unahi i hoʻohana mau ʻia ʻo Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS), Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale, a me Adult ADHD Self Report Scale (ASRS), i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization. Hoʻohālikelike kēia mau mea hana i kāu mau pane i nā kūlana lehulehu a kōkua i ka helu ʻana i ka nui o nā hōʻailona. ʻAʻole lākou he maʻi ma ko lākou ʻaoʻao – kākoʻo lākou i ke kiʻi lapaʻau.

ʻIke kōkua. E noi pinepine nā kauka e kamaʻilio a hōʻiliʻili paha i nā nīnau mai kekahi mea nāna i nānā i kāu ʻano i ka wā. No nā keiki, ʻo kēia ka makua a me ke kumu aʻo. No nā mākua, ʻo ia paha ka hoa, he makua nāna e hoʻomanaʻo i kou wā kamaliʻi, a i ʻole he hoaaloha kokoke. Inā ʻaʻohe mea hāʻawi ʻike kōkua, hiki i ke kauka ke hoʻohana i nā palapala e like me nā leka hōʻike kula kahiko, nā palapala hoʻonaʻauao, a i ʻole nā ​​loiloi psychological mua e hoʻopiha ai i ka moʻolelo.

Ka hoʻāʻo ʻana no nā kūlana co-occurring. He mea nui kēia ʻanuʻu. ʻEhā ʻumi ʻelua 78% o nā keiki me ADHD he hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha ke kūlana co-occurring – ka hopohopo, ke kaumaha, ka ʻano hoʻokahuli, nā maʻi aʻo, a i ʻole ka autism. I nā mākua, ʻo ka hui pinepine loa ka hopohopo, ke kaumaha, a me nā maʻi hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea. No ka mea hiki i nā hōʻailona o kēia mau kūlana ke like me ka ADHD, pono i ke kauka ke hoʻoholo inā ʻo ka mea e like me ka ADHD kekahi mea ʻē aʻe, a i ʻole inā aia pū lāua i ka manawa like.

Hoʻāʻo Cognitive a i ʻole neuropsychological (koho). ʻAʻole nā ​​loiloi a pau e pili ana i kēia. ʻAʻole ia e pono no ka maʻi. Akā i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai, hāʻawi ia i ka ʻikepili kūpono e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana, ka hoʻomanaʻo hana, ka wikiwiki o ka hana ʻana, a me ka hana hoʻokō. Hiki i nā mea hana e like me ka Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo cognitive kamepiula ke hoʻohui i kahi papa ʻikepili pono, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā maopopo ʻole ke kiʻi lapaʻau.

Ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻia ʻana o ka ʻikepili, hoʻopili ke kauka i nā mea āpau a hoʻoholo inā kū nā hōʻailona i nā pae DSM 5. No nā keiki ma lalo o 17, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻeono mau hōʻailona ma kekahi a ʻelua paha ʻāpana i loaʻa no ʻeono mahina. No nā mākua 17 a ʻoi paha, ʻo ka paepae he ʻelima mau hōʻailona. I nā hihia āpau, pono e hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona ma nā wahi ʻelua a pono e hoʻopilikia i ka hana.

Hiki Paha iā ʻoe ke Hoʻomohala i ka ADHD ma ke ʻano he Mākua?

Ma ka ʻenehana, ʻaʻole. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ADHD ma ke ʻano he maʻi neurodevelopmental, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka wā e ulu ana ka lolo i ke kamaliʻi. Pono ka DSM 5 i nā hōʻailona i loaʻa ma mua o 12 mau makahiki no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi.

Akā eia ka mea maoli: nui nā mākua i ka ADHD i ʻaʻole i hopu ʻia. Ma kahi o 6% o nā mākua US i kēia manawa he maʻi ADHD, a ma kahi o ka hapalua o lākou i loaʻa kēlā maʻi no ka manawa mua i ka wā makua. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi 2025 ua ʻoi aku ma kahi o 14% o nā mākua i hoʻāʻo maikaʻi ʻia no ka ADHD akā ʻaʻole lākou i loaʻa ka maʻi pākaha.

Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā wahine i kēia ʻāpana. Hōʻike mau nā noiʻi i ke kamaliʻi, ke hoʻomaʻi ʻia nā keikikāne me ADHD ma ka 2 a 3 paha o ka helu o nā kaikamahine. Akā i ka wā makua, kokoke ka ratio i 1:1 – ʻo ia hoʻi, ke nalowale nei nā kaikamahine, ʻaʻole hoʻi lākou e hoʻomohala ana i ka ADHD ma hope. Maopopo nā kumu: ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kaikamahine i hōʻike me nā hōʻailona hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ma mua o nā hōʻailona hyperactive, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia lākou e hūnā i kā lākou mau pilikia, a ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou mau hōʻailona e pili ana i ka hopohopo a i ʻole ke kaumaha. Ua kapa ʻia kahi loiloi ʻōnaehana i paʻi ʻia ma ka Journal of Attention Disorders i kēia ʻano ʻo "Miss. Diagnosis" – ʻo ka hanauna o nā wahine i ʻike ʻole ʻia no ka mea ua kūkulu ʻia nā pae hoʻomaʻi ma luna o nā haʻawina o nā keikikāne.

No laila ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomohala i ka ADHD ma ke ʻano he mākua, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke 30 a i ʻole 40 a i ʻole 55 ua loaʻa mau iā ʻoe. Aia mau nā hōʻailona. Ua heluhelu hewa ʻia wale lākou.

Nā Hōʻailona e Pono ai ka Loiloi

Hōʻike ʻokoʻa ka ADHD mai kēlā kanaka a kēia kanaka, akā ʻo kekahi mau ʻano e hōʻike mau ʻia e pono ke nānā ʻia. No ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻole: ka paʻakikī mau o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka nānā ma nā hana, nā hewa palekana i ka hana a i ʻole nā ​​hana o kēlā me kēia lā, ka pilikia o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā papahana, ka hoʻonohonoho mau ʻana, ka nalowale pinepine ʻana o nā mea, ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, a me ka poina i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā. No ka hyperactivity impulsivity: ka leʻaleʻa, ka huhū, ka pilikia o ka komo ʻana i nā hana me ka mālie, ka nui o ke kamaʻilio ʻana, ka ʻōlelo ʻana i nā pane ma mua o ka pau ʻana o ka nīnau, ka pilikia o ke kali ʻana, a me ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka ADHD mai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā ʻo ia ke ʻano. Pono e lilo kēia mau hōʻailona i mea mau (i loaʻa no ʻeono mahina), ka laha ʻana (e hōʻike ana ma nā ʻāpana he nui o ke ola), a hoʻopilikia (e hoʻopilikia maoli nei i ka hana – ʻaʻole wale ka hoʻonāukiuki māmā). Nalo nā kī o kēlā me kēia kanaka i kekahi manawa. ʻAʻole nalo nā kī o kēlā me kēia kanaka, poina i nā lā palena, poina i nā ʻaha kūkā, a hoʻopau i nā kamaʻilio maʻamau i nā makahiki.

Pehea e Mākaukau ai no kāu Loiloi

He mau mea hana e kōkua i ke kaʻina hana:

Kākau i nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī o pehea e pili ai kāu mau hōʻailona i ka hana, ke ola home, a me nā pilina. ʻO nā wehewehe ākea e like me "He paʻakikī koʻu nānā ʻana" ʻaʻole ia he mea kōkua e like me nā hiʻohiʻona paʻa e like me "Ua poina au i ʻekolu mau lā palena mahina i hala aku nei no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke hoʻomaka i nā hōʻike a hiki i ka pō ma mua."

Inā hiki, e hōʻiliʻili i nā moʻolelo kula kahiko – nā leka hōʻike, nā ʻōlelo a ke kumu, nā hopena hoʻāʻo pae. Kōkua kēia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kamaliʻi, ʻo ia kahi koi maʻi.

E noi i kahi hoa, makua, a i ʻole hoaaloha kokoke inā makemake lākou e hoʻopiha i kahi unahi helu a i ʻole e kamaʻilio me ke kauka. Hāʻawi ko lākou manaʻo i ka hilinaʻi a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka loiloi.

E helu i nā lāʻau āpau a me nā mea hoʻohui āu e lawe nei, a me nā maʻi olakino noʻonoʻo a i ʻole nā ​​lapaʻau i hala. Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau a me nā kūlana ke hana i nā hōʻailona e like me ADHD.

E ʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ana i kāu moʻolelo piha – me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea, nā ʻano hiamoe, a me ke olakino naʻau. ʻAʻole ʻo ke kauka ma laila e hoʻokolokolo ai. Pono lākou i ke kiʻi piha e hana i kahi maʻi pololei.

He Aha ka Puka Ma hope o ka Maʻi

Ke pau ka loiloi – maʻa mau i loko o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha pule inā pili ka hoʻāʻo – e loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi kauhoʻike. E hele ana ke kauka i nā hopena, e hōʻoia inā kū ʻoe i nā pae no ka ADHD (a ʻo wai ka hōʻike), e hoʻomaʻi i nā kūlana co-occurring, a e kūkākūkā i nā koho lapaʻau.

Maʻa mau ka lapaʻau i kekahi hui ʻana o nā lāʻau, nā ʻano hana behavioral, a me ka therapy. ʻO nā lāʻau hoʻoulu e like me methylphenidate a me nā lāʻau i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka amphetamine ke koho lapaʻau pharmacological ʻoi loa no ka ADHD, e hana ana ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana dopamine a me norepinephrine i ka prefrontal cortex. Loaʻa nā koho hoʻoulu ʻole e like me atomoxetine no ka poʻe ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomanawanui i nā stimulants. Kōkua ka Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mākau hoʻonohonoho, ka hoʻokele manawa, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole i hoʻomohala pinepine ʻia ma hope o nā makahiki o ADHD ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia.

ʻAʻole pani ka maʻi i kahi mokuna. Wehe ia i kekahi. No nā mākua he nui, ʻoi aku ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia ma hope i ke ola, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka inoa no ka mea a lākou e kū nei ʻo ia ka manawa mua i hoʻomaopopo ʻia ai ko lākou ʻike.

Ma mua o ke kau ʻana i kahi kauka, e hoʻomaka mua – e lawe i ka hoʻāʻo ADHD manuahi a August AI a hele me nā ʻike maoli e pili ana iā ʻoe.