Ka Hōʻino ʻana O Ka Pā Atrial (Asd)

He mea maʻi naʻau ka atrial septal defect (ASD) i hānau ʻia mai. ʻO ia hoʻi, he hemahema naʻau i hānau ʻia mai. Loaʻa i nā kānaka me ka ASD kahi puka ma waena o nā keʻena naʻau kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻonui ka puka i ka nui o ke koko e hele ana ma nā māmā.

Loaʻa paha nā atrial septal defects liʻiliʻi ma ka manawa kūpono a ʻaʻole loa e hopohopo. Hiki paha i nā mea ʻē aʻe ke pani i ka wā kamaliʻi a i ʻole ka wā kamaliʻi mua.

Hiki i kahi atrial septal defect nui a lōʻihi ke hōʻino i ka naʻau a me nā māmā. Pono paha ka ʻoki kino e hoʻoponopono i kahi atrial septal defect a pale aku i nā pilikia.

ʻO nā ʻano o nā atrial septal defects (ASDs) e komo pū ana:

• Secundum. ʻO kēia ka ʻano ASD maʻamau loa. Hana ʻia ia ma waenakonu o ka paia ma waena o nā keʻena naʻau kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kēia paia ka atrial septum.
• Primum. Hoʻopili kēia ʻano ASD i ka ʻāpana lalo o ka paia ma waena o nā keʻena naʻau kiʻekiʻe. Hiki paha ke loaʻa me nā pilikia naʻau ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i ka wā hānau.
• Sinus venosus. He ʻano ASD koʻikoʻi kēia. Hana pinepine ʻia ia ma ka ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe o ka paia ma waena o nā keʻena naʻau. Hana pinepine ʻia me nā loli ʻē aʻe o ke ʻano naʻau i loaʻa i ka wā hānau.
• Coronary sinus. ʻO ka coronary sinus kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana vein o ka naʻau. I kēia ʻano ASD koʻikoʻi, nalowale kahi ʻāpana o ka paia ma waena o ka coronary sinus a me ka keʻena naʻau hema kiʻekiʻe.

Hiki i ke pēpē i hānau ʻia me kahi hemahema atrial septal (ASD) ʻaʻole loaʻa nā hōʻailona. Hiki ke hoʻomaka nā hōʻailona i ka wā makua.

Hiki i nā hōʻailona atrial septal defect ke komo pū me:

• Ka pōkole o ka hanu, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā e hoʻoikaika ai.
• Ka luhi, ʻoi aku hoʻi me ka hana.
• Ka pehu o nā wāwae, nā wāwae a i ʻole ka ʻōpū.
• Nā hahau puʻuwai kūpono ʻole, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he arrhythmias.
• Nā hahau puʻuwai i haʻalele ʻia a i ʻole nā manaʻo o ka hahau puʻuwai wikiwiki, paʻi a lele paha, i kapa ʻia he palpitations.

Hoʻopilikia nui ʻia nā hemahema o ka naʻau i hānau ʻia mai ma mua a i ʻole ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana o ke keiki.

E kiʻi koke i ke kōkua pilikia inā pilikia ke keiki i ka hanu.

E kāhea i ke kauka inā loaʻa kēia mau hōʻailona:

• Pōkole o ka hanu, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā e hoʻoikaika ai a i ʻole hana.
• Luhi maʻalahi, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma hope o ka hana.
• Pehu o nā wāwae, nā kapuaʻi a i ʻole ka ʻōpū.
• Kuʻi ʻole o ka naʻau a i ʻole ka manaʻo o ka naʻau wikiwiki, hahau.

ʻAʻole maopopo ke kumu o ka hemahema o ka atrial septal. Hoʻopilikia ka pilikia i ke ʻano o ka naʻau. Hana ʻia ia i ka wā e hoʻokumu ai ka naʻau o ke pēpē i ka wā hāpai.

Hiki i kēia mau mea ke pāʻani i kahi kuleana i ke kumu o nā hemahema naʻau congenital e like me ka hemahema o ka atrial septal:

• Hoʻololi i nā gene.
• Kekahi mau kūlana lapaʻau.
• Kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau.
• Paka.
• Hoʻohana hewa ʻana i ka waiʻona.

He ʻelua lumi luna a me ʻelua lumi lalo ka naʻau maʻamau. Loaʻa i nā lumi luna, ʻo ia nā atria ʻākau a me hema, ke koko e komo mai ana. Hoʻokuʻu nā lumi lalo, ʻo ia nā ventricles ʻākau a me hema ikaika loa, i ke koko mai ka naʻau. ʻO nā valve naʻau nā puka ma nā puka o nā lumi. Mālama lākou i ke kahe ʻana o ke koko i ke kuhikuhi kūpono.

ʻO ka hemahema o ka atrial septal (ASD) kahi puka ma waena o nā lumi luna o ka naʻau. Aia ka pilikia naʻau i ka wā hānau. He ʻano ia o ka hemahema naʻau congenital.

No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke kumu o ka hemahema o ka atrial septal, he mea kōkua paha ke ʻike pehea ka hana maʻamau o ka naʻau.

Hana ʻia ka naʻau maʻamau i ʻehā lumi. ʻO nā lumi luna ʻelua i kapa ʻia ʻo nā atria. ʻO nā lumi lalo ʻelua i kapa ʻia ʻo nā ventricles.

Neʻe ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka naʻau i ke koko i nā māmā. I nā māmā, lawe ke koko i ka oxygen a laila hoʻihoʻi iā ia i ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka naʻau. A laila, hoʻokuʻu ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka naʻau i ke koko ma o ke kumu nui o ke kino, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka aorta. A laila hele ke koko i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka atrial septal defect (ASD) i ka wā e ulu ana ka naʻau o ke pēpē i loko o ka ʻōpū. He hemahema naʻau ia i hānau ʻia. ʻO nā mea e hoʻonui paha i ka pilikia o ke pēpē i ka atrial septal defect a i ʻole nā ​​​​hemahema naʻau ʻē aʻe i hānau ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi:

• Ka maʻi measles Kelemania, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo rubella, i loko o nā mahina mua o ka hāpai keiki.
• Ka maʻi diabetes.
• Ka maʻi lupus.
• Hoʻohana ʻia ka waiʻona a i ʻole ka paka i ka wā hāpai.
• Hoʻohana ʻia ka cocaine i ka wā hāpai.
• Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau i ka wā hāpai, me nā mea e mālama ai i nā maʻi hopu a me nā kūlana manaʻo.

Loaʻa kekahi mau ʻano o nā hemahema naʻau i hānau ʻia i loko o nā ʻohana. ʻO ia hoʻi, ua hoʻoilina ʻia. E haʻi aku i kāu hui mālama inā loaʻa iā ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi i kou ʻohana kahi pilikia naʻau i hānau ʻia. Hiki i ka nānā ʻana e kekahi kākāʻōlelo genetics ke kōkua i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka pilikia o kekahi mau hemahema naʻau i nā keiki e hiki mai ana.

Hiki paha i kahi hōʻino liʻiliʻi o ka atrial septal ke hoʻopilikia ʻole. Hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia nā hōʻino liʻiliʻi o ka atrial septal i ka wā kamaliʻi.

Hiki i nā hōʻino atrial septal nui ke hoʻokumu i nā pilikia nui, me:

• Ka hōʻino ʻana o ka naʻau ʻākau.
• Nā hahau naʻau kūpono ʻole, i kapa ʻia ʻo arrhythmias.
• Stroke.
• Make koke.

Hiki i ka pulmonary hypertension ke hoʻopōʻino mau i nā māmā. Hoʻomau pinepine ʻia kēia pilikia, i kapa ʻia ʻo Eisenmenger syndrome, ma nā makahiki he nui. Hana ʻia ia i kekahi manawa i nā kānaka me nā hōʻino atrial septal nui.

Hiki i ka mālama ke pale aku a kōkua i ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka nui o kēia mau pilikia.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hōʻino atrial septal a hapai paha ʻoe a manaʻo e hapai, e kamaʻilio mua me kahi limahana mālama. He mea nui ia e loaʻa ka mālama prenatal kūpono. Hiki i kahi limahana olakino ke manaʻo e hoʻoponopono i ka puka ma ka naʻau ma mua o ka hapai ʻana. Hiki i kahi hōʻino atrial septal nui a i ʻole kona mau pilikia ke alakaʻi i ka hapai kiʻekiʻe.

ʻAʻole maopopo ke kumu o ka atrial septal defect (ASD), no laila, ʻaʻole paha e hiki ke pale aku. Akā, he mea nui ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mālama maikaʻi i ka wā hāpai. Inā hānau ʻia ʻoe me ka ASD, e hana i kahi kūlana no ka nānā kino ma mua o ka hāpai ʻana. I loko o kēia kipa:

• E kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā kūlana olakino o kēia manawa a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau. He mea nui ka mālama pono ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes, ka lupus a me nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe i ka wā hāpai. Hiki i kāu limahana mālama ola ke manaʻo e hoʻololi i nā nui o kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole e hoʻōki iā lākou ma mua o ka hāpai ʻana.
• E nānā i ka mōʻaukala olakino o kou ʻohana. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi mōʻaukala ʻohana o nā hemahema naʻau hānau a i ʻole nā kūlana genetic ʻē aʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke kamaʻilio me kahi kākāʻōlelo genetic e ʻike i kou mau pilikia.
• E nīnau e pili ana i ka hoʻokolokolo ʻia e ʻike inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi measles Kelemānia, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo rubella. Ua pili ka rubella i kahi wahine hāpai i kekahi mau ʻano o nā hemahema naʻau hānau i ke pēpē. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i loaʻa i ka maʻi measles Kelemānia a i ʻole ka lāʻau, e kiʻi i nā lāʻau i manaʻo ʻia.

Loaʻa kekahi mau hemahema atrial septal (ASD) ma mua a i ʻole ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana o ke keiki. Akā, ʻaʻole paha e loaʻa nā mea liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka wā ma hope.

Inā loaʻa kahi ASD, hiki i kahi limahana mālama ola ke lohe i kahi kani whooshing i kapa ʻia he murmur o ka naʻau i ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka naʻau me kahi mea hana i kapa ʻia he stethoscope.

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua e kōkua ana i ka ʻike ʻana i kahi hemahema atrial septal (ASD) e komo pū me:

• Echocardiogram. ʻO kēia ka hoʻokolohua nui i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike i kahi hemahema atrial septal. Hoʻohana ʻia nā nalu kani e hana i nā kiʻi o ka naʻau e pā ana. Hōʻike ka echocardiogram i ke ʻano o nā keʻena naʻau a me nā valve. Hōʻike pū ia i ka maikaʻi o ka neʻe ʻana o ke koko ma o ka naʻau a me nā valve naʻau.
• X-ray umauma. Hōʻike ka X-ray umauma i ke kūlana o ka naʻau a me nā māmā.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG a i ʻole EKG). Hoʻopaʻa kēia hoʻokolohua wikiwiki a ʻoluʻolu ʻole i ka hana uila o ka naʻau. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻike i ka wikiwiki a i ʻole ka lohi o ka pā ʻana o ka naʻau. Hiki i ka ECG ke kōkua i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pā naʻau kūpono ʻole, i kapa ʻia ʻo arrhythmias.
• Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Hoʻohana kēia hoʻokolohua kiʻi i nā kahua magnetic a me nā nalu radio e hana i nā kiʻi kikoʻī o ka naʻau. Hiki paha ke hana ʻia inā ʻaʻole i hāʻawi nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe i kahi ʻike pololei.
• Computerized tomography (CT) scan. Hoʻohana kēia hoʻokolohua i kahi moʻo o nā X-rays e hana i nā kiʻi kikoʻī o ka naʻau. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia inā ʻaʻole lawa nā ʻike i hāʻawi ʻia e nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe e hana i kahi ʻike.

Hoʻoholo ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka atrial septal defect (ASD) ma:

• Ka nui o ka puka ma ka naʻau.
• Inā aia kekahi mau pilikia naʻau ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i ka hānau ʻana.

Hiki i kahi atrial septal defect ke pani iā ia iho i ka wā kamaliʻi. No nā puka liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole pani, ʻo nā nānā olakino maʻamau paha wale nō ka mālama e pono ai.

Pono kekahi mau atrial septal defects ʻaʻole pani i kahi kaʻina hana e pani ai i ka puka. Akā, ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ka pani ʻana o ka ASD i ka poʻe i loaʻa ka pulmonary hypertension nui.

ʻAʻole e hoʻoponopono nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kahi atrial septal defect (ASD). Akā hiki iā lākou ke kōkua i ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā hōʻailona. Hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka atrial septal defect ke komo pū me:

• Beta blockers e kaohi i ka hahau ʻana o ka naʻau.
• Blood thinners, i kapa ʻia ʻo anticoagulants, e hoʻemi i ka pilikia o nā clots koko.
• Diuretics e hoʻemi i ka waihona wai i loko o nā māmā a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino.

Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia kahi kaʻina hana e hoʻoponopono i kahi atrial septal defect (ASD) waena a nui e pale aku i nā pilikia i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

Hoʻopili ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka atrial septal defect i ka pani ʻana i ka puka ma ka naʻau. Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia ma nā ʻano ʻelua:

• Catheter-based repair. Hana ʻia kēia ʻano e hoʻoponopono i ke ʻano secundum o nā atrial septal defects. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi tube lahilahi, flexible i kapa ʻia ʻo catheter i loko o kahi kīʻaha koko, pinepine loa ma ka groin. A laila alakaʻi ʻia ka tube i ka naʻau. He mesh patch a plug paha e hele ana ma o ka catheter. Hoʻohana ʻia ka patch e pani i ka puka. ulu ka ʻiʻo naʻau a puni ka patch, e pani ana i ka puka no ke ola. Eia naʻe, pono paha kekahi mau atrial septal defects secundum nui i ka open-heart surgery.
• Open-heart surgery. Hoʻopili kēia ʻano o ka ASD repair surgery i ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻoki ma o ka paia umauma e komo ai i ka naʻau. Hoʻohana nā kauka i nā patches e pani i ka puka. ʻO ka open-heart repair surgery wale nō ke ala e hoʻoponopono ai i nā primum, sinus venosus a me nā coronary sinus atrial defects.

I kekahi manawa, hiki ke hana ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka atrial septal defect me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻoki liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka ʻoki maʻamau. Kī ʻia kēia ʻano he minimally invasive surgery. Inā hana ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana me ke kōkua o kahi robot, kapa ʻia ʻo ia he robot-assisted heart surgery.

Pono kekahi mea i loaʻa ka ʻoki no ka atrial septal defect i nā hoʻokolohua imaging maʻamau a me nā nānā olakino. ʻO kēia mau hālāwai e nānā ai i nā pilikia naʻau a me nā māmā.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ʻole o nā hopena lōʻihi o nā kānaka me nā atrial septal defects nui ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka ʻoki e pani i ka puka. Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ka pilikia nui i ka hana ʻana i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā. Kī ʻia kēia he reduced functional capacity. Aia nō hoʻi lākou i ka pilikia nui no nā hahau naʻau kūpono ʻole a me ka pulmonary hypertension.

He mea nui ka hahai ʻana i kahi ola kino olakino no ka naʻau. Hoʻopili kēia i ka ʻai olakino, ka ʻole o ka puhipaka, ka mālama ʻana i ke kaumaha a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hiamoe lawa. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe a i ʻole kāu keiki kahi hemahema atrial septal, e kamaʻilio me kāu hui mālama ola e pili ana i kēia mau mea:

• Hoʻoikaika kino. Maʻamau ka hoʻoikaika kino no nā poʻe me ka hemahema atrial septal. Akā inā pono ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka ASD, pono paha ʻoe e hoʻōki i kekahi mau hana a hiki i ka hoʻoponopono ʻia ʻana o ka puka ma ka naʻau. E nīnau i kahi loea mālama ola i ke ʻano a me ka nui o ka hoʻoikaika kino i palekana loa.
• Nā loli kiʻekiʻe loa. Hiki i nā loli nui loa ma ka wahi ma luna a i lalo paha o ke kai ke hoʻoulu i nā pilikia i nā poʻe me ka hemahema atrial septal i hoʻoponopono ʻole ʻia. No ka laʻana, emi ka oxygen ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻololi ka emi ʻana o ka oxygen i ke kahe koko ma o nā arteries o ka māmā. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻoulu i ka hanu pōkole a me ka hoʻoikaika nui ʻana i ka naʻau.
• Hana niho. Inā hoʻoponopono ʻia kāu a i ʻole kāu keiki ASD i ka manawa koke a pono i ka hana niho, e kamaʻilio me kahi loea mālama ola. Pono paha ʻoe a i ʻole kāu keiki e lawe i nā lāʻau antibiotic no kahi o ʻeono mahina ma hope o ka hana hoʻoponopono ʻana e pale aku i ka maʻi.