He aha ka Kanesa o ka Pūpū? Nā Hōʻailona, Nā Kumu, a me ka Lapaʻau

Hana ʻia ka kanesa o ka pūpū i ka wā e ulu ai nā sela i loko o kou pūpū ma waho o ke kaohi a hana i nā ʻōpū. ʻO kou pūpū kahi ʻōnaehana hakahaka i loko o kou pelvis e mālama ai i ka mimi ma mua o kou hoʻokuʻu ʻana mai kou kino.

ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia ʻano kanesa ma mua o kou manaʻo paha, e pili ana i kahi 80,000 mau ʻAmelika i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo maikaʻi, i ka wā i hopu ʻia ai i ka wā mua, pinepine ka pane maikaʻi ʻana o ka kanesa o ka pūpū i ka lapaʻau. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kānaka e ʻike mua i ke koko i loko o kā lākou mimi, hiki ke hopohopo akā ʻaʻole mau loa he kanesa.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka kanesa o ka pūpū?

ʻO ke koko i loko o kou mimi ka hōʻailona mua maʻamau o ka kanesa o ka pūpū. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka mimi poni, ʻulaʻula, a i ʻole cola-colored, a i ʻole e ʻike paha kāu kauka i ke koko i ka wā o kahi hoʻokolohua maʻamau ʻoiai ke nānā maʻamau kou mimi.

Ma mua o ke koko i loko o ka mimi, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kekahi mau hōʻailona ʻē aʻe e hōʻike ana i ka kanesa o ka pūpū:

• Mimi pinepine, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka pō
• ʻEha a ʻā ʻana i ka wā e mimi ai
• Manaʻo e pono e mimi koke, ʻoiai ʻaʻole piha kou pūpū
• Paʻakikī e mimi a i ʻole ka mimi nāwaliwali
• ʻEha hope haʻahaʻa ma kekahi ʻaoʻao
• ʻEha pelvic
• Pau ke kaumaha me ke kumu ʻole
• ʻEha iwi (i nā hihia holomua)
• ʻUlu i kou mau wāwae (i nā hihia holomua)

Pinepine e ulu mālie kēia mau hōʻailona a maʻalahi ke kuhi he maʻi mimi a i ʻole nā kūlana maʻamau ʻē aʻe. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui e ʻike i kāu kauka inā mau nā hōʻailona a i ʻole e hoʻi hou ma hope o ka lapaʻau.

He aha nā ʻano o ka kanesa o ka pūpū?

Hoʻokaʻawale nā kauka i ka kanesa o ka pūpū ma muli o ke ʻano o nā sela e lilo i kanesa. ʻO ka ʻano maʻamau ka urothelial carcinoma, kahi e hoʻomaka ai i nā sela e uhi ana i loko o kou pūpū.

Hana ʻia ka urothelial carcinoma i kahi 90% o nā kanesa pūpū a pau. Hoʻolālā ʻia kēia mau sela e hoʻonui i ka wā e piha ai kou pūpū a hoʻemi i ka wā e hakahaka ai. I kekahi manawa e lohe ʻoe i kēia i kapa ʻia ʻo transitional cell carcinoma.

ʻO nā ʻano liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe e komo pū ana i ka squamous cell carcinoma a me ka adenocarcinoma. Pinepine e ulu ka squamous cell carcinoma ma hope o ka huhū a i ʻole ka maʻi ma kou pūpū. He mea maʻamau ʻole ka adenocarcinoma a hoʻomaka i nā sela e hana i ka mucus.

E hoʻokaʻawale pū kāu kauka i kāu kanesa ma ke ʻano he non-muscle invasive a i ʻole muscle invasive. Noho nā kanesa non-muscle invasive i loko o ka uhi o loko o kou pūpū a maʻamau loa nā hopena maikaʻi. Ua ulu nā kanesa muscle invasive i loko o ka paia pūpū a pono i ka lapaʻau ikaika.

He aha ke kumu o ka kanesa o ka pūpū?

E ulu ka kanesa o ka pūpū i ka wā e hōʻino ai kekahi mea i ka DNA i loko o nā sela o kou pūpū, e hoʻokumu ana i ka ulu ʻana ma waho o ke kaohi. ʻOiai ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike mau i ka mea e hoʻomaka ai i kēia loli, hiki i kekahi mau mea ke hoʻonui i kou pilikia.

ʻO ke kumu nui ka puhipaka, kahi e pili ana i ka hapalua o nā kanesa pūpū a pau. I ka wā e puhi ai ʻoe, komo nā mea kemika ʻino i loko o kou kahe koko a kānana ʻia ma o kou mau puʻupaʻa i loko o kou mimi. Noho kēia mau mea kemika i loko o kou pūpū a hiki ke hōʻino i ka uhi ma hope o kekahi manawa.

ʻO ka hōʻike ʻana i nā mea kemika hana ke kumu nui ʻē aʻe. Inā hana ʻoe me kekahi mau kala, ʻili, ʻili, pena, a i ʻole nā mea kemika lole, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻekiʻe i ka hōʻike ʻana i nā mea e hoʻokumu ana i ka kanesa i kapa ʻia ʻo carcinogens.

ʻO nā kumu ʻē aʻe e komo pū ana i nā maʻi pūpū lōʻihi, kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau, ka radiation therapy i kou pelvis, a me ka inu ʻana i ka wai i hoʻohaumia ʻia me ka arsenic. Loaʻa i kekahi poʻe nā loli genetic e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea maʻalahi i ka kanesa o ka pūpū.

I ka wā e ʻike ai i ke kauka no ka kanesa o ka pūpū?

Pono ʻoe e hoʻokaʻaʻike koke i kāu kauka inā ʻike ʻoe i ke koko i loko o kou mimi, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole ia e ʻeha. Hoʻokaʻulua ka nui o nā kānaka e ʻimi i ka mālama ʻana no ka mea maikaʻi ko lākou manaʻo, akā ʻo ka ʻike mua ʻana e hana i kahi ʻokoʻa nui i ka holomua o ka lapaʻau.

Mai kali inā ʻoe e ʻike ana i ka mimi pinepine, ʻeha, a i ʻole koke ʻaʻole e hoʻomaikaʻi me nā lapaʻau maʻamau. Hiki i kēia mau hōʻailona ke like me ka maʻi mimi maʻalahi, akā inā mau a hoʻi hou, pono lākou i ka noiʻi hou aku.

Kāhea koke i kāu kauka inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻeha hope haʻahaʻa ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻoi aku hoʻi inā hui pū ʻia me nā hōʻailona mimi. ʻOiai he nui nā kumu o ka ʻeha hope, i ka wā e hui pū ʻia me nā hōʻailona pūpū, hiki ke hōʻike i ka maʻi holomua.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā mea pilikia e like me ka puhipaka a i ʻole ka hōʻike ʻana i nā mea kemika ma ka hana, e kūkākūkā i ka nānā maʻamau me kāu mea mālama ola. Hiki iā lākou ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i kou pilikia pilikino a hoʻoholo i ke ala nānā maikaʻi loa no kou kūlana.

He aha nā mea pilikia no ka kanesa o ka pūpū?

Hiki i ka kanesa o ka pūpū ke alakaʻi i kekahi mau pilikia, ʻoi aku hoʻi inā ʻaʻole ia i mālama ʻia koke a i ʻole inā pālahalaha ia ma mua o kou pūpū. Hiki i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau mea hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike i ka wā e ʻimi ai i ka mālama ola koke.

Hiki i nā pilikia mua ke komo pū me nā maʻi mimi e hoʻi hou ana, nā pilikia puʻupaʻa inā pale ʻia ke kahe mimi, a me ke kahe mau e hiki ke alakaʻi i ka anemia. Pinepine ka pane maikaʻi ʻana o kēia mau pilikia i ka lapaʻau i ka wā i hopu ʻia ai i ka wā mua.

Hiki ke ulu nā pilikia koʻikoʻi inā pālahalaha ka kanesa i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o kou kino:

• Hōʻino a i ʻole ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻupaʻa inā pale ka kanesa i nā ureters
• Pālahalaha i nā ʻōnaehana kokoke e like me ka prostate, uterus, a i ʻole ka ʻōpū
• Metastasis i nā lymph nodes, ate, māmā, a i ʻole nā iwi
• Anemia koʻikoʻi mai ke kahe koko mau
• ʻEha mimi a i ʻole ka hiki ʻole ke mimi
• Nā pilikia ʻōpū inā pālahalaha ka kanesa i nā ʻōpū
• ʻEha iwi inā pālahalaha ka kanesa i nā iwi

ʻOiai ke kani weliweli kēia mau pilikia, e hoʻomanaʻo i ka hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻana o nā lapaʻau hou i nā hopena no nā mea maʻi kanesa pūpū. Hiki ke pale ʻia a mālama ʻia nā pilikia nui i ka wā e hana pono ai ʻoe me kāu hui mālama ola a hahai i kāu hoʻolālā lapaʻau.

Pehea e pale ai i ka kanesa o ka pūpū?

ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke pale aku i nā hihia a pau o ka kanesa o ka pūpū, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻemi nui i kou pilikia ma ka hana ʻana i nā koho ola maikaʻi. ʻO ka hana nui loa ka pale ʻana i ka paka ma nā ʻano a pau.

Inā puhi ʻoe, ʻo ka haʻalele ʻana ka mea maikaʻi loa āu e hiki ai ke hana no kou olakino pūpū. E hoʻomaka ana kou pilikia e emi i loko o kekahi mau makahiki ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana, a e hoʻomau i ka emi ʻana ma hope o kekahi manawa. Inā pono ʻoe i ke kōkua e haʻalele ai, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā hoʻolālā i hōʻoia ʻia a me nā papahana kākoʻo.

He mea nui hoʻi ka pale ʻana iā ʻoe iho ma ka hana inā hōʻike ʻia ʻoe i nā mea kemika. E hoʻohana mau i nā lako pale pono, e hahai i nā loina palekana, a e holoi pono i kou mau lima ma hope o ka lawelawe ʻana i nā mea kemika. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe maopopo e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻike hana, e kūkākūkā me ka luna palekana o kāu mea hana.

ʻO nā hana pale ʻē aʻe e komo pū ana i ka inu ʻana i ka wai nui i ka lā holoʻokoʻa, ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻai waiwai i nā hua a me nā mea kanu, a me ka mālama koke ʻana i nā maʻi mimi. Manaʻo kekahi mau haʻawina e kōkua ka noho wai maikaʻi e holoi wikiwiki i nā mea hōʻino mai kou pūpū.

Pehea ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka kanesa o ka pūpū?

Hoʻomaka ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka kanesa o ka pūpū me kāu kauka e nīnau ana i kāu mau hōʻailona a me ka mōʻaukala olakino. Makemake lākou e ʻike e pili ana i ke koko i loko o kou mimi, nā loli i nā ʻano mimi, a inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā mea pilikia e like me ka puhipaka a i ʻole ka hōʻike ʻana i nā mea kemika.

ʻO ka hoʻokolohua mua ka hoʻokolohua mimi e ʻimi ai i ke koko, nā sela kanesa, a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hiki i kāu kauka ke kauoha aku i ka cytology mimi, kahi e nānā ai i ka mimi ma lalo o ka microscope e ʻimi ai i nā sela ʻano ʻole e hiki ke hōʻike i ka kanesa.

Inā hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua mua i ka kanesa o ka pūpū, e ʻōlelo paha kāu kauka i kahi cystoscopy. I ka wā o kēia kaʻina hana, hoʻokomo lākou i kahi tube lahilahi, flexible me kahi kamera ma o kou urethra e nānā pololei i loko o kou pūpū. Hāʻawi kēia iā lākou e ʻike i nā ʻōpū a i ʻole nā wahi ʻano ʻole.

Hiki i nā hoʻokolohua hou aku ke komo pū me nā CT scans a i ʻole MRIs e ʻike inā ua pālahalaha ka kanesa, a me kahi biopsy e wehe i nā laʻana pūnaewele no ka nānā ʻana i ka hale hana. Kōkua kēia mau hoʻokolohua e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano a me ke kahua o ka kanesa, kahi e alakaʻi ai i kāu hoʻolālā lapaʻau.

He aha ka lapaʻau no ka kanesa o ka pūpū?

Aia ka lapaʻau no ka kanesa o ka pūpū ma kekahi mau mea, e komo pū ana i ke ʻano a me ke kahua o kāu kanesa, kou olakino holoʻokoʻa, a me kāu makemake pilikino. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo maikaʻi, nui nā koho lapaʻau, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui nā hopena i nā makahiki i hala iho nei.

No ka kanesa mua i komo ʻole i ka paia muscle, hoʻomaka pinepine ka lapaʻau me ka transurethral resection. I ka wā o kēia kaʻina hana, e wehe kāu kauka i ka ʻōpū ma o kou urethra me ka hana ʻole i nā ʻoki ma waho. Hoʻomau pinepine ʻia kēia me ka bladder instillation therapy, kahi e waiho ʻia ai ka lāʻau lapaʻau pololei i loko o kou pūpū.

Hiki i nā kanesa holomua ke pono i ka lapaʻau ikaika:

• Radical cystectomy (wehe ʻana i ka pūpū)
• Chemotherapy ma mua a ma hope paha o ka ʻoki ʻana
• Radiation therapy
• Immunotherapy e kōkua i kou ʻōnaehana pale e hakakā i ka kanesa
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻopilikia ʻia e hoʻouka i nā hiʻohiʻona sela kanesa kikoʻī

Inā pono ʻoe e wehe i ka pūpū, e hana kāu kauka i kahi ala hou no kou kino e mālama a hoʻokuʻu i ka mimi. Hiki ke komo pū kēia i ka hana ʻana i kahi pūpū hou mai kahi ʻāpana o kou ʻōpū a i ʻole ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka mimi i kahi ʻeke ma waho o kou kino. E kōkua kāu hui mālama ola iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i kāu mau koho a pau a koho i ka mea maikaʻi loa no kou kūlana.

Pehea e mālama ai i nā hōʻailona ma ka home i ka wā o ka kanesa o ka pūpū?

ʻOiai ʻoe e loaʻa ana i ka lapaʻau no ka kanesa o ka pūpū, hiki i kekahi mau hoʻolālā mālama home ke kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻoluʻolu a mālama i nā hōʻailona. Hana kēia mau ala me kāu lapaʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano he pani no ia.

He mea nui ka noho wai maikaʻi, akā pono paha ʻoe e kaulike me ka mimi pinepine. E ho'āʻo e inu i nā mea liʻiliʻi i ka lā holoʻokoʻa ma mua o nā nui nui i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Hiki i ka pale ʻana i ka caffeine a me ka waiʻona ke hoʻemi i ka huhū o ka pūpū.

No ka ʻeha a me ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole, hiki i nā ʻauʻau mahana a i ʻole nā ​​​​papa hoʻomehana ma kou ʻōpū haʻahaʻa ke hāʻawi i ka hoʻomaha. ʻIke kekahi poʻe e kōkua ana ka wai cranberry i ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā maʻi mimi, ʻoiai pono ʻoe e nīnau mua i kāu kauka no ka mea hiki ke launa pū me kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau.

He mea nui hoʻi ka mālama ʻana i ka luhi i ka wā o ka lapaʻau. E hoʻomaha i ka wā e pono ai, e ʻai i nā meaʻai momona, a e hana i nā hana māmā e like me ka ʻōlelo a kāu hui mālama ola. Mai kānalua e noi i nā ʻohana a me nā hoaaloha no ke kōkua me nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā i ka wā ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻoluʻolu.

Pehea ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau ai no kāu hālāwai kauka?

Hiki i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no kāu hālāwai kauka ke kōkua iā ʻoe e loaʻa ka mea nui loa mai kāu kipa a hōʻoia ʻaʻole ʻoe e poina i nā ʻike koʻikoʻi. E hoʻomaka ma ka kākau ʻana i kāu mau hōʻailona a pau, e komo pū ana i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai lākou a pehea lākou i loli ai i ka manawa.

E hana i kahi papa inoa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau āu e lawe nei, e komo pū ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma luna o ka papa, a me nā mea hoʻohui. E hoʻomaopopo pū i nā mea ʻino āu i loaʻa ai a me nā lapaʻau ola mua āu i loaʻa ai, ʻoi aku hoʻi inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka chemotherapy a i ʻole ka radiation therapy.

E hoʻomākaukau i nā nīnau e nīnau i kāu kauka e pili ana i kāu hōʻoia, nā koho lapaʻau, a me ka mea e manaʻo ai. Mai hopohopo e nīnau i nā nīnau he nui - makemake kāu hui mālama ola iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i kou kūlana a ʻoluʻolu me kāu mālama.

E noʻonoʻo e lawe mai i kahi lālā ʻohana a hoaaloha paha i kāu hālāwai. Hiki iā lākou ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo i ka ʻike a hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo manaʻo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe mai i kahi puke e kākau i nā kikoʻī koʻikoʻi i ka wā o kāu kipa.

He aha ka mea nui e pili ana i ka kanesa o ka pūpū?

ʻO ka mea nui loa e hoʻomanaʻo e pili ana i ka kanesa o ka pūpū ʻo ia ka ʻike mua ʻana e hana i kahi ʻokoʻa nui i ka holomua o ka lapaʻau. Inā ʻike ʻoe i ke koko i loko o kou mimi a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona mimi mau, mai kali e ʻike i kāu kauka - ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi nā hōʻailona.

Nui nā kānaka me ka kanesa o ka pūpū e ola i nā ola piha, olakino, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā i hopu ʻia ai a mālama ʻia i ka wā mua. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā lapaʻau hou a emi iho nā hopena maikaʻi ma mua o ka wā ma mua, a ke hoʻomau nei nā lapaʻau hou e puka mai.

E hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea pilikia e ʻōlelo ana e loaʻa nō ʻoe i ka kanesa o ka pūpū, a ʻaʻole ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka kanesa o ka pūpū e ʻōlelo ana ua pau kāu ola. Me ka mālama ola kūpono a me ke kākoʻo mai kāu hui mālama ola, hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i kēia kūlana a mālama i kou maikaʻi o ke ola.

E noho ʻike, e nīnau i nā nīnau, a mai kānalua e ʻimi i ke kākoʻo mai nā limahana mālama ola, nā ʻohana, nā hoaaloha, a i ʻole nā ​​​​hui kākoʻo kanesa. ʻAʻole ʻoe wale nō i kēia huakaʻi, a loaʻa ke kōkua i kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu o ke ala.

Nā nīnau pinepine e pili ana i ka kanesa o ka pūpū

Q1: He mea make mau anei ka kanesa o ka pūpū?

ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole make mau ka kanesa o ka pūpū. I ka wā i hopu ʻia ai i ka wā mua, nui nā kānaka me ka kanesa o ka pūpū i mālama ʻia me ka holomua a ola i nā ola maʻamau. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka 95% o ka nui o ka ola ʻelima makahiki no ka kanesa o ka pūpū mua. Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka kanesa o ka pūpū holomua me nā lapaʻau hou, ʻoiai e ʻokoʻa nā hopena ma muli o kahi i pālahalaha ai ka kanesa.

Q2: Hiki i ka kanesa o ka pūpū ke hoʻi mai ma hope o ka lapaʻau?

ʻAe, hiki i ka kanesa o ka pūpū ke hoʻi mai ma hope o ka lapaʻau, ʻo ia ke kumu he mea nui ka mālama hoʻomau maʻamau. Hiki i kahi 50-80% o nā kanesa o ka pūpū mua ke hoʻi hou mai, akā ʻaʻole kēia manaʻo like me ka manawa mua. Loaʻa nā hoʻi hou i ka wā mua i ka wā o ka nānā maʻamau a hiki ke mālama ʻia me ka holomua. E hoʻonohonoho kāu kauka i nā nānā maʻamau a me nā hoʻokolohua e nānā ai i nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻi ʻana o ka kanesa.

Q3: Pehea ka lōʻihi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ola me ka kanesa o ka pūpū?

ʻOkoʻa loa ka lōʻihi o ke ola me ka kanesa o ka pūpū ma muli o ke kahua i ka hōʻoia ʻana, kou olakino holoʻokoʻa, a me kou pane maikaʻi ʻana i ka lapaʻau. Pinepine nā kānaka me ka kanesa o ka pūpū mua i nā lōʻihi o ke ola maʻamau. ʻOiai me ka kanesa holomua, nui nā kānaka e ola no nā makahiki me ka maikaʻi o ke ola. Hiki i kāu kauka ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka ʻike kikoʻī hou aku ma muli o kou kūlana pilikino.

Q4: E pālahalaha koke anei ka kanesa o ka pūpū?

ʻOkoʻa ka holomua o ka kanesa o ka pūpū mai ke kanaka a i ke kanaka. ulu mālie kekahi mau kanesa pūpū a noho i loko o ka uhi pūpū no nā makahiki, ʻoiai hiki i kekahi ke pālahalaha wikiwiki. ʻOi aku ka mālie o ka ulu ʻana o nā kanesa pūpū non-muscle invasive ma mua o nā ʻano muscle-invasive. Kōkua ke kahua a me ke ʻano o kāu kanesa e wānana i ka wikiwiki o kona holomua, ʻo ia ke kumu he mea nui ka hōʻoia mua ʻana a me ka lapaʻau kūpono.

Q5: Hiki i ka ʻai ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka kanesa o ka pūpū?

ʻOiai ʻaʻohe ʻai kikoʻī e hiki ke hōʻoia i ka pale ʻana i ka kanesa o ka pūpū, hiki i ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻai olakino waiwai i nā hua a me nā mea kanu ke kōkua i ka hoʻemi ʻana i kou pilikia. Manaʻo kekahi mau haʻawina e palekana paha nā meaʻai kiʻekiʻe i nā antioxidants, e like me nā hua a me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Hiki i ka noho wai maikaʻi ma ka inu ʻana i ka wai nui i ka lā holoʻokoʻa ke kōkua i ka holoi ʻana i nā mea hōʻino mai kou pūpū. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka pale ʻana i ka puhipaka ke ʻanuʻu nui loa āu e hiki ai ke hana e pale aku ai i ka kanesa o ka pūpū.