He aha ka Botulism? Nā Hōʻailona, Nā Kumu, a me ka Lapaʻau

ʻO ka botulism he maʻi maʻamau ʻole akā koʻikoʻi loa ia i hana ʻia e nā mea ʻino i hana ʻia e nā bacteria i kapa ʻia ʻo Clostridium botulinum. Hoʻouka kēia mau mea ʻino ikaika i kou ʻōnaehana nerve a hiki ke hana i ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo a me ka palasi ma kou kino holoʻokoʻa.

ʻOiai paha e lohe ʻia ana ka botulism he mea weliweli, he mea nui e ʻike ʻoe he mea maʻamau ʻole ia ma nā ʻāina holomua. Hiki ke pale ʻia ka hapa nui o nā hihia, a inā loaʻa koke, hiki ke maikaʻi loa ka lapaʻau. Hiki i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā hōʻailona a me nā kumu ke kōkua iā ʻoe e palekana a ʻike i ka wā e ʻimi ai i ka mālama lapaʻau.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka botulism?

Hoʻomaka maʻamau nā hōʻailona o ka botulism i loko o 12 a 36 mau hola ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana i ka mea ʻino. ʻO ka hōʻailona nui ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo e hoʻomaka ana ma kou poʻo a me kou maka, a laila e pālahalaha i lalo ma kou kino.

Eia nā hōʻailona nui āu e ʻike ai, e ʻike pinepine ʻia ana ma kēia kauoha:

• ʻIke pālua a i ʻole ʻike ʻālohilohi
• Nā maka i hāʻule
• Paʻakikī ke kamaʻilio a i ʻole ka ʻōlelo ʻālohilohi
• Paʻakikī ke ʻai
• Waha maloʻo
• Nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo ma nā lima a me nā wāwae
• Paʻakikī ke hanu

ʻO ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka botulism, ʻaʻole ʻoe e loaʻa ka mahana, a e maopopo kou manaʻo ʻoiai e nāwaliwali ana kou mau ʻiʻo. Ke hahai nei ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo i kahi ʻano i ʻike ʻia, e neʻe ana mai kou poʻo i lalo i kou mau lima, kino, a me nā wāwae.

I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki i ka palasi ke hoʻopili i nā ʻiʻo āu e hoʻohana ai e hanu ai, ʻo ia ke kumu e lilo ai ka botulism i mea weliweli inā ʻaʻohe lapaʻau koke.

He aha nā ʻano o ka botulism?

Aia kekahi mau ʻano like ʻole o ka botulism, aia i kēlā me kēia ke kumu a me nā ʻano. Hiki i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau ʻano ke kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike i nā kumu hiki ke hōʻike ʻia.

ʻO ka botulism meaʻai ka ʻano i ʻike nui ʻia. Hana ia ke ʻai ʻoe i ka meaʻai i loaʻa i ka mea ʻino botulism, pinepine mai nā meaʻai i mālama ʻole ʻia a i ʻole i mālama ʻia.

Hoʻopili ka botulism pēpē i nā pēpē ma lalo o 12 mau mahina. ʻAʻole e like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻai maoli nā pēpē i nā spores bacteria, a laila ulu lākou i loko o ko lākou ʻōpū a hana i ka mea ʻino.

Hana ʻia ka botulism hōʻeha ke ulu nā bacteria i nā hōʻeha maʻi. Ua lilo kēia ʻano i mea maʻamau ma waena o nā poʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoiai ʻo ka heroin ʻeleʻele.

ʻO ka botulism iatrogenic he ʻano maʻamau ʻole ia e hiki ke hana inā nui loa ka mea ʻino botulinum i hoʻohana ʻia no nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau a i ʻole nā mea hoʻonaninani. ʻO kēia ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me nā inikini Botox i ka wā ʻaʻole i hoʻokō pono ʻia.

He mea maʻamau loa ka botulism hanu a hana wale ʻia i nā ulia hale hana a i ʻole nā kūlana terrorism bio.

He aha ka mea e hana ai i ka botulism?

Hana ʻia ka botulism e nā mea ʻino i hana ʻia e nā bacteria Clostridium botulinum. Loaʻa maoli kēia mau bacteria i ka lepo a hiki ke ola i nā wahi ʻaʻohe oxygen ma o ka hana ʻana i nā spores pale.

Liʻiliʻi nā bacteria i ka wā e loaʻa ai nā kūlana kūpono e ulu ai a hana i kā lākou mea ʻino. ulu lākou i nā wahi oxygen haʻahaʻa, wahi acid haʻahaʻa me ka mahana a me ka wai kūpono.

Eia nā kumu maʻamau kahi e hiki ai ke ulu ka botulism:

• Nā meaʻai i mālama ʻia ma ka home, ʻoiai nā mea kanu acid haʻahaʻa e like me nā ʻōmato ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka palaoa, a me nā beets
• ʻAʻole i mālama pono ʻia ka iʻa a me ka ʻiʻo
• Honey (ʻoi aku ka weliweli no nā pēpē)
• ʻAi kālika i mālama ʻia i ka ʻaila ma ka mahana o ka lumi
• ʻUala i kālua ʻia i kāʻei ʻia i ka foil a waiho ʻia ma ka mahana o ka lumi
• Nā hōʻeha maʻi, ʻoiai nā wahi inikini

ʻO ka hana canning kalepa he mea palekana maʻamau no ka mea e hoʻohana ana lākou i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a me nā pae acidity kūpono e pepehi i nā bacteria a me nā spores. ʻO ka pilikia mai ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai ma ka home ke hahai ʻole ʻia nā ʻano kūpono.

He mea kūpono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia he mea paʻa loa nā spores bacteria a hiki ke ola i ka wai e hoʻolapalapa ana. Eia naʻe, e haki ana ka mea ʻino i ka wā e hoʻomehana ʻia ai i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe no kekahi mau minuke.

I ka wā e ʻike ai i ke kauka no ka botulism?

Pono ʻoe e ʻimi i ka mālama lapaʻau pilikia koke inā ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi āu e ʻike ai e loaʻa nā hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i ka botulism. He pilikia lapaʻau kēia e pono ai ka mālama koke.

Kāhea i ka 911 a hele i ka lumi pilikia koke inā ʻoe e ʻike i kēia mau hōʻailona hoʻomaopopo:

• Paʻakikī koke ke ʻike maopopo a i ʻole ʻike pālua
• Paʻakikī ke kamaʻilio a i ʻole ke ʻai
• Nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo e pālahalaha ana ma kou kino
• Paʻakikī ke hanu a i ʻole ka hanu pōkole
• Nā maka i hāʻule me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe

Mai kali e ʻike inā e hoʻomaikaʻi nā hōʻailona ma o lākou iho. Hiki i ka botulism ke holomua koke, a hiki i ka lapaʻau mua me ka antitoxin ke pale i ka maʻi mai ka hoʻopilikia ʻana.

Inā manaʻo ʻoe ua ʻai ʻoe i ka meaʻai haumia, e ʻimi i ka mālama lapaʻau ma mua o ka puka ʻana o nā hōʻailona. Hiki i kāu kauka ke kōkua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā pono ka lapaʻau a nānā iā ʻoe no nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi.

He aha nā mea pilikia no ka botulism?

ʻOiai ka hapa nui o nā kānaka e ola piha mai ka botulism me ka lapaʻau kūpono, hiki i ka maʻi ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi, ʻoiai inā hoʻokaʻulua ʻia ka lapaʻau. Ke kōkua nei ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau pilikia hiki ke wehewehe i ke kumu he mea nui loa ka mālama lapaʻau koke.

ʻO ka pilikia koʻikoʻi loa a koke loa ka hāʻule o ka hanu. Ke nāwaliwali nei ka mea ʻino i kou mau ʻiʻo hanu, pono paha ʻoe i ka ea mīkini e kōkua iā ʻoe e hanu a hiki i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka mea ʻino mai kou ʻōnaehana.

Hiki i nā pilikia ʻē aʻe ke komo pū:

• Nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo lōʻihi e mau ana i nā hebedoma a i nā mahina
• Paʻakikī ke ʻai e pono ai nā tubo hānai
• Nā pilikia ʻōlelo e hiki ke mau i ka wā hoʻōla
• Pneumonia aspiration mai ka meaʻai a i ʻole nā wai e komo ana i nā māmā
• Nā clots koko mai ka neʻe ʻole lōʻihi
• Nā hopena psychological mai ke kaʻina hoʻōla lōʻihi

ʻO ka lono maikaʻi, me ka mālama lapaʻau kūpono, hiki ke hoʻokele pono ʻia ka hapa nui o nā pilikia. Hana ka nui o nā kānaka i ka hoʻōla piha, ʻoiai paha e pono ai kekahi mau mahina no ka ikaika o nā ʻiʻo e hoʻi i ka maʻamau.

Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke ʻike i ka luhi a me ka nāwaliwali no hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ko lākou maʻi, akā he mea maʻamau ʻole ka hōʻino mau loa mai ka botulism ke loaʻa koke ka lapaʻau.

Pehea e hiki ai ke pale ʻia ka botulism?

ʻO ka lono maikaʻi loa e pili ana i ka botulism, ʻo ia ka mea hiki ke pale ʻia ma o ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai a me nā hana palekana. Hiki i ka lawe ʻana i nā palekana kūpono ke hōʻemi nui i kou pilikia o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana.

Eia nā hana palekana maikaʻi loa no ka palekana meaʻai:

• E hahai i nā ʻano kuke i hoʻāʻo ʻia a me nā kaʻina hana canning kūpono no ka mālama ʻana ma ka home
• E mālama i nā meaʻai i kānana ʻia i nā wahi anu, maloʻo a e nānā no nā pahu i puhi ʻia, kahe, a i ʻole nā pahu i hōʻino ʻia
• E hoʻomākaukau i nā hui kālika-ʻaila a hoʻohana iā lākou i loko o hoʻokahi pule
• Mai hāʻawi i ka meli i nā pēpē ma lalo o 12 mau mahina
• E hoʻomākaukau i nā ʻuala i kālua ʻia ma hope o ka kuke ʻana inā ʻaʻole ʻai koke ʻia
• E hoʻomehana i nā meaʻai i mālama ʻia ma ka home i ka paila no 10 mau minuke ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana

I ka wā e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā hōʻeha, e mālama i nā ʻoki a me nā hōʻeha āpau i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a kāʻei ʻia. E ʻimi i ka mālama lapaʻau no nā hōʻeha e hōʻike ana i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e like me ka ʻulaʻula, ka mahana, ka pehu, a i ʻole ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kūpono ʻole.

Inā hoʻohana ʻoe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau inikini, hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā nila maʻemaʻe a me ka pale ʻana i nā lāʻau ʻawaʻawa e like me ka heroin ʻeleʻele ke hōʻemi nui i kou pilikia o ka botulism hōʻeha.

E hilinaʻi i kou mau manaʻo me ka palekana meaʻai. Inā he mea ʻano ʻē, ʻala, a i ʻole ʻono ʻole, mai ʻai.

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka botulism?

ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ka botulism e pili ana i ka loiloi pono ʻana i kāu mau hōʻailona a me ka mōʻaukala lapaʻau, me nā hoʻokolohua hale hana kūikawā. E hoʻomaka kāu kauka ma ka nīnau ʻana i nā nīnau kikoʻī e pili ana i nā mea āu i ʻai ai a me nā hana hou.

Hoʻomaka maʻamau ke kaʻina hana ʻike ʻana me kahi nānā kino piha. E hoʻokolohua kāu kauka i kou ikaika o nā ʻiʻo, nā reflexes, a me nā neʻe o nā maka e ʻimi i ke ʻano o ka nāwaliwali i hana ʻia e ka botulism.

Hiki i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua ke kōkua i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka ʻike ʻana:

• Nā hoʻokolohua koko e ʻike i ka mea ʻino botulism
• Nā laʻana poop e ʻimi i nā bacteria a i ʻole ka mea ʻino
• Hoʻokolohua ʻana i nā kumu meaʻai i manaʻo ʻia
• Electromyography (EMG) e ana i ka hana o nā ʻiʻo a me nā nerve
• Lumbar puncture e kāpae i nā kūlana neurological ʻē aʻe

Hiki i ka hōʻoia hale hana ke lawe i kekahi mau lā, no laila hiki i kāu kauka ke hoʻomaka i ka lapaʻau ma muli o kāu mau hōʻailona a me ka hōʻike maʻi ma mua o ka kali ʻana i nā hopena hoʻokolohua.

E hana pū kāu hui lapaʻau e ʻike i ke kumu o kāu hōʻike ʻia ʻana. Hiki paha kēia ke komo i ka hoʻokolohua ʻana i nā meaʻai i koe, ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻeha, a i ʻole ka noiʻi ʻana i nā kumu hiki ʻē aʻe ma muli o kāu mau hana hou.

He aha ka lapaʻau no ka botulism?

Ke kaulike nei ka lapaʻau no ka botulism i ke kākoʻo ʻana i kou kino ʻoiai ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe mālie nei ka mea ʻino mai kou ʻōnaehana a hāʻawi i ka antitoxin e pale aku i ka hōʻino hou aku. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lapaʻau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kou manawa e ola piha ai.

ʻO ka lapaʻau nui ka botulism antitoxin, hiki ke pale i ka mea ʻino mai ka hana ʻana i ka hōʻino hou aku i nā nerve. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi i ka hōʻino i hana mua ʻia, ʻo ia ke kumu he mea nui loa ka lapaʻau mua.

Hiki i kāu mālama lapaʻau ke komo pū:

• Botulism antitoxin intravenous e hoʻoneʻe i ka mea ʻino e holo nei
• Ea mīkini inā pilikia nā ʻiʻo hanu
• Nā tubo hānai inā paʻakikī ke ʻai
• Lapaʻau kino e mālama i ka hana o nā ʻiʻo
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻokele i nā pilikia e like me nā maʻi
• Hoʻomaʻemaʻe hōʻeha a me nā antibiotics no ka botulism hōʻeha

No ka botulism pēpē, hoʻohana nā kauka i kahi antitoxin kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo Botulism Immune Globulin Intravenous (BIG-IV) i hana kūikawā ʻia no nā pēpē.

ʻO ka hoʻōla maʻamau he mālie akā paʻa. Pono ka hapa nui o nā kānaka i kekahi mau hebedoma a i nā mahina i ka haukapila, a laila hoʻomau i ka hoʻōla ma ka home. Ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe mālie nei ka mea ʻino, a ke hoʻoulu hou mālie nei kou mau pilina nerve.

Pehea e hoʻokele ai i nā hōʻailona ma ka home i ka wā hoʻōla?

Ke kaulike nei ka mālama home i ka wā hoʻōla botulism i ke kākoʻo ʻana i kou hoʻōla a me ka pale ʻana i nā pilikia ʻoiai ke hoʻi hou mai kou ikaika. Pono kēia kahua i ke ahonui, ʻoiai hiki i ka hoʻōla ke lawe i kekahi mau mahina.

Ke kūpaʻa ʻoe e haʻalele i ka haukapila, pono kāu papa hana mālama home e komo pū me nā hana lapaʻau kino maʻamau e mālama i ka ikaika o nā ʻiʻo a pale i ka paʻakikī. E aʻo kāu therapist iā ʻoe i nā hana palekana e kūpono i kou mau hiki.

ʻO nā ʻāpana nui o ka hoʻōla home e komo pū:

• Ke hahai nei i ka ʻai ʻai palekana e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia e kāu therapist ʻōlelo
• Ke lawe nei i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka mea i kuhikuhi ʻia
• Ke hele nei i nā hālāwai hope
• Ke loaʻa nei i ka hoʻomaha kūpono ʻoiai e noho ana i ka hana e like me ka mea palekana
• Ke ʻai nei i nā meaʻai momona e kākoʻo i ka hoʻōla
• Ke nānā nei no nā hōʻailona o nā pilikia

E nānā no nā hōʻailona hoʻomaopopo e pono ai ka mālama lapaʻau koke, e like me ka hoʻopilikia ʻana o ka hanu, ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nāwaliwali, nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, a i ʻole nā pilikia me ke ʻai ʻana e hoʻopilikia iā ʻoe i ka ʻā.

Loaʻa i nā kānaka he nui ka hoʻōla e komo pū me nā piʻi a me nā iho. Hiki i kekahi mau lā ke ʻike ʻoe i ka ikaika, ʻoiai paha he mea paʻakikī kekahi. He mea maʻamau kēia, a ʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi mālie ka ʻano maʻamau.

Pehea ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau ai no kāu hālāwai kauka?

Hiki i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no kāu hālāwai lapaʻau ke kōkua i ka hōʻoia ʻana e loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻike kūpono loa a me ka mālama kūpono. E kōkua ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike kikoʻī i kāu kauka e hoʻomaopopo koke i kou kūlana.

Ma mua o kāu hālāwai, e kākau i nā mea āpau āu e hiki ai ke hoʻomanaʻo e pili ana i kāu ʻai hou, ʻoiai i ka hebedoma i hala. E komo pū nā meaʻai i mālama ʻia ma ka home, nā meaʻai hale ʻaina, a me nā meaʻai āpau i ʻono ʻole.

E lawe mai i kēia ʻike nui me ʻoe:

• Kahi manawa kikoʻī o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hōʻailona a pehea lākou i holomua ai
• Papa inoa o nā meaʻai āpau i ʻai ʻia i nā lā 7-10 i hala
• Kekahi mau kumu meaʻai i manaʻo ʻia, me nā pahu a i ʻole nā mea i koe
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā kūlana lapaʻau i kēia manawa
• Nā hōʻeha hou, nā hana ʻoki, a i ʻole nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau
• ʻIke pili no nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i kaʻana like i nā meaʻai like

Inā hiki, e lawe mai i kekahi mau kumu meaʻai i manaʻo ʻia me ʻoe a mālama paha iā lākou no ka hoʻokolohua. Mai hoʻolei i nā meaʻai haumia, ʻoiai hiki i ka hoʻokolohua ʻana ke kōkua i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka ʻike ʻana a pale i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

E kākau i kāu mau nīnau ma mua, ʻoiai paha e manaʻo ʻoe ua nui loa i ka wā hālāwai. E nīnau e pili ana i nā koho lapaʻau, ka manawa hoʻōla i manaʻo ʻia, a me nā hōʻailona e nānā ai ma ka home.

He aha ka mea nui e pili ana i ka botulism?

ʻO ka botulism he kūlana koʻikoʻi akā hiki ke mālama ʻia ia he mea hiki ke pale ʻia ma o nā hana palekana meaʻai kūpono. ʻOiai paha he mea weliweli ke noʻonoʻo, hiki i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo ke kōkua iā ʻoe e palekana a ʻike i ka wā e ʻimi ai i ke kōkua.

ʻO ka mea nui loa e hoʻomanaʻo ai, ʻo ia ka botulism he pilikia lapaʻau e pono ai ka mālama koke. Inā ʻoe e ʻike i nā hōʻailona e like me ka ʻike pālua, ka paʻakikī ke ʻai, a i ʻole ka pālahalaha ʻana o ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo, mai kali e ʻimi i ka mālama lapaʻau.

Ke mau nei ka pale ʻana i kāu palekana maikaʻi loa. Hiki i ka hahai ʻana i nā hana mālama meaʻai palekana, nā ʻano canning kūpono, a me ka mālama ʻana i nā hōʻeha maikaʻi ke hōʻemi nui i kou pilikia o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana.

Me ka mālama lapaʻau koke, ola piha ka hapa nui o nā kānaka mai ka botulism, ʻoiai ke lawe nei ke kaʻina hana i ka manawa a me ke ahonui. He mea manawa wale nā hopena o ka mea ʻino, a e hoʻi hou mai kou ikaika ke hoʻōla kou mau nerve.

Nā nīnau i nīnau pinepine ʻia e pili ana i ka botulism

Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka botulism mai nā meaʻai i kānana ʻia ma ka hale kūʻai?

He mea maʻamau loa ka botulism mai nā meaʻai i kānana ʻia ma ke kalepa ma nā ʻāina holomua. Hoʻohana nā kaʻina hana canning kalepa i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a me nā pae acidity kūpono e pepehi pono i nā bacteria botulism a me nā spores. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hihia botulism mai nā meaʻai i mālama ʻia ma ka home a i ʻole nā meaʻai mālama home ʻē aʻe kahi ʻaʻole i hahai ʻia nā kaʻina hana palekana kūpono.

Pehea ka lōʻihi e hoʻōla ai mai ka botulism?

Hoʻōla maʻamau ka botulism i kekahi mau mahina. Hoʻolilo ka hapa nui o nā kānaka i nā hebedoma a i nā mahina i ka haukapila, a laila hoʻomau i ka hoʻōla ma ka home. E hoʻi hou mai kou ikaika o nā ʻiʻo ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka mea ʻino mai kou ʻōnaehana a hoʻoulu hou kou mau nerve. Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke ʻike i ka luhi iki a i ʻole ka nāwaliwali no hoʻokahi makahiki, akā ola piha ka hapa nui me ka lapaʻau kūpono.

He mea hoʻopilikia anei ka botulism mai ke kanaka a i ke kanaka?

ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole hiki i ka botulism ke pālahalaha mai ke kanaka a i ke kanaka ma o ka pilina maʻamau, ka hanu, a i ʻole ka pā.

Hiki i ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka meaʻai ke pepehi i ka mea ʻino botulism?

ʻAe, hiki i ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka meaʻai i ka mahana paila (212°F a i ʻole 100°C) no 10 mau minuke ke luku i ka mea ʻino botulism. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia e pepehi i nā spores bacteria paʻa loa e hiki ke ola i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea pono nā ʻano canning kūpono e hoʻohana ana i ke kaomi a me ka wela kiʻekiʻe e pale aku i ka botulism i ka mua.

No ke aha ʻaʻole hiki i nā pēpē ke loaʻa ka meli ma muli o ka pilikia botulism?

Hiki i ka meli ke loaʻa i nā spores botulism i palekana no nā keiki nui a me nā mākua no ka mea pale ko mākou mau ʻōnaehana digestive ikaika i nā spores mai ka ulu ʻana. Eia naʻe, loaʻa i nā pēpē ma lalo o 12 mau mahina nā ʻōnaehana digestive ʻōpiopio ʻaʻole hiki ke pale i kēia mau spores mai ka germination, ulu ʻana, a me ka hana ʻana i ka mea ʻino i loko o ko lākou ʻōpū. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka botulism pēpē, ʻo ia ke kumu ʻaʻole pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka meli i nā pēpē ma lalo o hoʻokahi makahiki.