Maʻi Graves

ʻO ka maʻi Graves kahi kūlana o ka ʻōnaehana pale kino e pili ana i ka thyroid gland. Ke kumu ia i ke kino e hana nui i ka hormone thyroid. Ua kapa ʻia kēlā kūlana he hyperthyroidism. Hoʻopili nā hormone thyroid i nā ʻōnaehana he nui o ke kino. No laila, hiki i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi Graves ke hoʻopili pū i kēlā mau ʻōnaehana. Hiki i kekahi ke loaʻa i ka maʻi Graves. Akā, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe wahine a me nā poʻe ma mua o 30 makahiki. Ke kōkua nei ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi Graves e hoʻoemi i ka nui o ka hormone thyroid e hana ai ke kino a hoʻomaha i nā hōʻailona.

ʻO nā hōʻailona maʻamau o ka maʻi Graves's: Ke manaʻo nei i ka hopohopo a me ka huhū. Ke haʻalulu iki nei nā lima a i ʻole nā manamana lima. Ke ʻoluʻolu nei i ka wela me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hou ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻili mahana, pulu. Ke nalowale nei ke kaumaha, ʻoiai ke makemake nei e ʻai hou aku. Ke hoʻonui nei ke kiko thyroid, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo goiter. Ke loli nei nā pōʻai menstrual. ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa a mālama paha i ka erection, i kapa ʻia ʻo erectile dysfunction, a i ʻole ka makemake liʻiliʻi no ka moekolohe. Ke hele pinepine nei ka ʻōpū. Ke puʻupuʻu nei nā maka—kahi kūlana i kapa ʻia ʻo ka maʻi maka thyroid a i ʻole Graves' ophthalmopathy. Ke luhi nei. Ke mānoanoa nei, ke ʻeleʻele nei ka ʻili ma ka hapa nui ma nā ʻūhā a i ʻole nā ​​luna o nā wāwae, i kapa ʻia ʻo Graves' dermopathy. Ke wikiwiki a i ʻole ke kūpono ʻole nei ka puʻuwai, i kapa ʻia ʻo palpitations. ʻAʻole hiamoe maikaʻi. Kapa ʻia hoʻi ka maʻi maka thyroid ʻo Graves' ophthalmopathy. Ma kahi o 25% o nā kānaka me ka maʻi Graves's, loaʻa iā lākou nā hōʻailona maka. Hoʻopilikia ka maʻi maka thyroid i nā ʻiʻo a me nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe a puni nā maka. Hiki i nā hōʻailona ke komo pū me: Nā maka puʻupuʻu. Kahi manaʻo ʻiliʻili i loko o nā maka. Kaomi a i ʻole ka ʻeha i loko o nā maka. Nā maka pehu a i ʻole nā ​​maka ʻaʻole e uhi i ka eyeball a pau. Kīa ʻia kēia he retracted eyelids. Nā maka ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā ​​maka mumū. Ka māmā māmā. Ka ʻike maopopo ʻole a i ʻole ka ʻike pālua. Ka nalowale ʻana o ka ʻike. I nā manawa kakaikahi, loaʻa i nā kānaka me ka maʻi Graves's ka pouli a me ka mānoanoa ʻana o ka ʻili. ʻOi aku ka pinepine ʻana ma nā ʻūhā a i ʻole nā ​​luna o nā wāwae. Loaʻa i ka ʻili kahi ʻano e like me ka ʻili ʻalani. Kīa ʻia kēia ʻo Graves' dermopathy. Mai ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka protein i loko o ka ʻili. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi a me ka ʻeha ʻole. Hiki i nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe ke hoʻokumu i nā hōʻailona e like me nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi Graves's. E ʻike i kāu limahana mālama ola inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi hōʻailona o ka maʻi Graves's e loaʻa ai kahi ʻike koke. E ʻimi i ka mālama olakino koke inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona pili i ka naʻau, e like me ka wikiwiki a i ʻole ke kūpono ʻole o ka puʻuwai, a i ʻole inā nalowale kāu ʻike.

Hiki i nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe ke hoʻoulu i nā hōʻailona e like me nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi Graves. E ʻike i kāu limahana mālama ola inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau hōʻailona o ka maʻi Graves e loaʻa ai kahi ʻike koke. E ʻimi koke i ka mālama lapaʻau inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona pili i ka naʻau, e like me ka wikiwiki a i ʻole ka hoʻopā ʻole ʻana o ka naʻau, a i ʻole inā nalowale kou ʻike.

ʻO ka maʻi Graves ka mea i hana ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana pale kino o ke kino ʻaʻole i hana pono. ʻAʻole maopopo i nā loea ke kumu o kēia. Hana ka ʻōnaehana pale kino i nā antibody e hoʻopili i nā mea ʻino, nā bacteria a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe mai waho. I ka maʻi Graves, hana ka ʻōnaehana pale kino i kahi antibody i hoʻokahi ʻāpana o nā sela i loko o ka gland e hana i ka hormone ma ka ʻāʻī, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka thyroid gland. Hana kahi gland liʻiliʻi ma ke kumu o ka lolo, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pituitary gland, i kahi hormone e hoʻomalu i ka thyroid gland. ʻO ka antibody i pili me ka maʻi Graves ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb). Lawe ʻo TRAb i ka hana o ka hormone pituitary. ʻO ia ka mea e alakaʻi ai i ka nui o ka hormone thyroid ma ke kino ma mua o ka pono o ke kino. Ua kapa ʻia kēlā kūlana he hyperthyroidism. ʻO ka maʻi maka thyroid, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo Graves' ophthalmopathy, mai ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o kekahi mau carbohydrates i nā ʻiʻo a me nā pūnaewele ma hope o nā maka. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu. Loaʻa paha i ka antibody hoʻokahi e hiki ke hana i ka hana ʻole o ka thyroid gland. Hoʻomaka pinepine ka maʻi maka thyroid i ka manawa like me ka hyperthyroidism a i ʻole mau mahina ma hope mai. Akā hiki i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi maka thyroid ke ʻike ʻia i nā makahiki ma mua a i ʻole ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hyperthyroidism. Hiki nō hoʻi ke loaʻa ka maʻi maka thyroid me ka ʻole o ka hyperthyroidism.

Nā kumu e hiki ai ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka maʻi Graves' disease: Mōʻaukala ʻohana. ʻO ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi Graves' disease, pinepine loa ka mōʻaukala ʻohana o nā kūlana thyroid a i ʻole kahi kūlana autoimmune. Wahine. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi Graves' disease i nā wāhine ma mua o nā kāne. Makahiki. ʻO ka maʻi Graves' disease ka nui loa ma waena o nā makahiki 30 a 60. Kekahi kūlana autoimmune. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka poʻe i loaʻa nā kūlana ʻē aʻe o ka ʻōnaehana pale kino, e like me ka maʻi diabetes type 1 a i ʻole ka maʻi rheumatoid arthritis. Pāpā ʻana. Hoʻonui ka pāpā ʻana i ka sigareta, ka mea e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka ʻōnaehana pale kino, i ka pilikia o ka maʻi Graves' disease. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi maka thyroid i ka poʻe pāpā a loaʻa i ka maʻi Graves' disease.

Hiki i nā pilikia o ka maʻi Graves' ke komo pū me: Nā pilikia olakino hāpai. Hiki i ka maʻi Graves' i ka wā hāpai ke hoʻoulu i ka hānau ʻole, ka hānau mua, nā pilikia thyroid o ka pēpē a me ka ulu ʻole o ka pēpē. Hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻoulu i ka hāʻule o ka naʻau a me ka preeclampsia i ka mea hāpai. Ke alakaʻi nei ka preeclampsia i ke koko kiʻekiʻe a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe. Nā kūlana naʻau. Hiki i ka maʻi Graves' i mālama ʻole ʻia ke alakaʻi i nā leo naʻau kūpono ʻole a me nā loli i ka naʻau a me kona hana. Malia paha ʻaʻole hiki i ka naʻau ke pūpū i ka nui o ke koko i ke kino. Ua kapa ʻia kēlā kūlana he hāʻule o ka naʻau. Ka makani thyroid. ʻO kēia pilikia maʻamau ʻole akā make o ka maʻi Graves' ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka hyperthyroidism wikiwiki a i ʻole ka pilikia thyrotoxic. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hanana ʻana i ka wā i mālama ʻole ʻia ai ka hyperthyroidism nui a i ʻole mālama ʻole ʻia me ka lawa. Hana ʻia ka makani thyroid i ka wā e piʻi koke ai a nui ai ka nui o nā hormones thyroid i ka nui o nā hopena i ke kino. ʻO ia nā mea e komo pū ai ka mahana, ka hou, ka huikau, ka delirium, ka nāwaliwali nui, nā haʻalulu, ka leo naʻau kūpono ʻole, ke koko haʻahaʻa nui a me ka coma. Pono ka mālama ʻana i ka makani thyroid koke. Nā iwi palupalu. Hiki i ka hyperthyroidism i mālama ʻole ʻia ke alakaʻi i nā iwi nāwaliwali, palupalu - kahi kūlana i kapa ʻia ʻo osteoporosis. Ke hilinaʻi nei ka ikaika o nā iwi, ma kahi ʻāpana, i ka nui o ka calcium a me nā minelala ʻē aʻe a lākou e paʻa ai. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hormone thyroid e paʻakikī ai i ke kino ke komo i ka calcium i loko o nā iwi.

No ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka maʻi Graves, hiki i kāu limahana mālama ola ke hana i kahi hoʻokolokolo kino a nīnau e pili ana i kou mōʻaukala lapaʻau a me ka ʻohana. Hiki i nā hoʻokolohua ke komo pū me: Nā hoʻokolohua koko. Hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua koko i ka nui o ka hormone hoʻoulu thyroid (TSH) a me nā hormones thyroid i loko o ke kino. ʻO ka TSH ka hormone pituitary e hoʻoulu i ka gland thyroid. ʻO ka poʻe me ka maʻi Graves pinepine loa he haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka nui o ka TSH a me nā kiʻekiʻe o nā hormones thyroid. ʻO kekahi hoʻokolohua labo e ana i ka nui o ka antibody i ʻike ʻia e hoʻoulu i ka maʻi Graves. Inā ʻaʻole hōʻike nā hopena i nā antibodies, aia paha kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe o ka hyperthyroidism. Hoʻokiʻekiʻe iodine radioactive. Pono ke kino i ka iodine e hana i nā hormones thyroid. Hoʻopili kēia hoʻokolohua i ka lawe ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka iodine radioactive. Ma hope mai, hōʻike kahi kāmela scan kūikawā i ka nui o ka iodine e komo i loko o ka gland thyroid. Hiki i kēia hoʻokolohua ke hōʻike i ka wikiwiki o ka lawe ʻana o ka gland thyroid i ka iodine. ʻO ka nui o ka iodine radioactive i lawe ʻia e ka gland thyroid e kōkua i ka hōʻike ʻana inā ʻo ka maʻi Graves a i ʻole ke kūlana ʻē aʻe ke kumu o ka hyperthyroidism. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia hoʻokolohua me kahi scan iodine radioactive e hōʻike i kahi kiʻi o ke ʻano uptake. Mālama ma Mayo Clinic Hiki i kā mākou hui mālama o nā loea Mayo Clinic ke kōkua iā ʻoe me kāu mau pilikia olakino e pili ana i ka maʻi Graves Hoʻomaka Maanei ʻIke hou aku Mālama maʻi Graves ma Mayo Clinic CT scan MRI

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa no ka maʻi Graves, ʻo ia ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hana ʻana o nā hormones e ka thyroid. Hoʻopau pū ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hopena o nā hormones ma ke kino. Ka lāʻau lapaʻau iodine radioactive Me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, e inu ʻoe i ka iodine radioactive, i kapa ʻia ʻo radioiodine, ma ka waha. E komo ka radioiodine i loko o nā sela thyroid. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, e luku ʻia nā sela e hana ana i ka hormone thyroid. E hoʻemi kēia i kou gland thyroid. E emi iki nā hōʻailona, ʻo ka pinepine ma luna o kekahi mau pule a i kekahi mau mahina. Hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau radioiodine ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka maʻi maka thyroid a i ʻole e hoʻoino i kona mau hōʻailona. ʻO kēia hopena ʻaoʻao pinepine he māmā a ʻaʻole lōʻihi. Akā, ʻaʻole paha kēia lāʻau lapaʻau no ʻoe inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona maka waena a i ʻole koʻikoʻi. Hiki i nā hopena ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe ke komo pū me ka ʻāʻī palupalu a me ka piʻi koke ʻana o nā hormones thyroid. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau radioiodine no ka mālama ʻana i nā wahine hāpai a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea e hānai ana i ka umauma. Hoʻopau kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i nā sela e hana ana i ka hormone thyroid. Ma hope o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, pono paha ʻoe e lawe i ka lāʻau hormone i kēlā me kēia lā e loaʻa ai nā hormones thyroid e pono ai kou kino. Nā lāʻau lapaʻau anti-thyroid Hoʻopau nā lāʻau lapaʻau anti-thyroid i ka thyroid mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka iodine e hana i nā hormones. ʻO kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau kuhikuhi e komo pū me ka propylthiouracil a me ka methimazole. No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka hāʻule o ke ake me ka propylthiouracil, ʻo ka methimazole ka mea pinepine loa i koho mua ʻia. Akā, loaʻa i ka methimazole kahi pilikia iki o nā hemahema hānau. No laila, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia ka propylthiouracil i ka wā mua o ka hāpai ʻana. Lawe pinepine nā wahine hāpai i ka methimazole ma hope o ka trimester mua. Ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻi mai ka hyperthyroidism. Hiki i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hana maikaʻi aʻe ke lawe ʻia lākou no ka lōʻihi ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau anti-thyroid ma mua a ma hope paha o ka lāʻau lapaʻau radioiodine ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau hou. ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao o nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻelua e komo pū me ka ʻili ʻili, ka ʻeha o nā hono, ka hāʻule o ke ake a i ʻole ka emi ʻana o nā sela keʻokeʻo e hakakā i ka maʻi. Nā mea pale beta ʻAʻole hoʻopau kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau i ke kino mai ka hana ʻana i nā hormones thyroid. Akā, hoʻopau lākou i ka hopena o nā hormones ma ke kino. Hiki iā lākou ke hana wikiwiki e hoʻomaha i nā puʻuwai kūpono ʻole, nā haʻalulu, ka hopohopo, ka huhū, ka hoʻomanawanui ʻole i ka wela, ka hou, ka luaʻi a me ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo. ʻO nā mea pale beta e komo pū me: Propranolol (Inderal LA, InnoPran XL, Hemangeol). Atenolol (Tenormin). Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol-XL). Nadolol (Corgard). ʻAʻole pinepine ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea pale beta i nā poʻe me ka maʻi asthma no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoulu i kahi hoʻouka asthma. Hiki i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻopaʻakikī i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes. Ka ʻoki ʻana Hiki i ka ʻoki ʻana e wehe i ka thyroid, i kapa ʻia ʻo thyroidectomy, ke mālama i ka maʻi Graves. Pono ʻoe e lawe i ka lāʻau thyroid no ke koena o kou ola ma hope o kēia ʻoki ʻana. ʻO nā pilikia o kēia ʻoki ʻana e komo pū me ka hōʻino ʻana i ka nerve e hoʻomalu ana i nā kaula leo a me ka hōʻino ʻana i nā gland liʻiliʻi e noho kokoke ana i ka gland thyroid, i kapa ʻia ʻo nā gland parathyroid. Hana nā gland parathyroid i kahi hormone e hoʻomalu ana i ka nui o ka calcium i loko o ke koko. He mea maʻamau ʻole nā ​​​​pilikia me nā kauka ʻoki e hana nui i nā ʻoki thyroid. Ke mālama nei i ka maʻi maka thyroid No nā hōʻailona māmā o ka maʻi maka thyroid, hiki ke kōkua ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā waimaka hana i ka lā. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i nā waimaka hana me ka ʻole o ka kuhikuhi. E hoʻohana i nā gel lubricating i ka pō. No nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi maka thyroid e ʻoi aku ka ʻino, hiki ke komo pū ka mālama ʻana me: Corticosteroids. Hiki i ka mālama ʻana me nā corticosteroids i hāʻawi ʻia ma o kahi vein ke hoʻomaha i ka pehu ma hope o nā eyeballs. Hiki i nā hopena ʻaoʻao ke komo pū me ka waihona wai, ka loaʻa kaumaha, ke kō koko kiʻekiʻe, ke koko kiʻekiʻe a me nā loli manaʻo. Teprotumumab (Tepezza). Hāʻawi ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ʻewalu manawa. Hāʻawi ʻia ma o kahi IV i ka lima i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu pule. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoulu i nā hopena ʻaoʻao e like me ka nalowale o ka lohe, ka nausea, ka luaʻi, nā spasms o nā ʻiʻo a me ke kō koko kiʻekiʻe. Prisms. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka ʻike pālua ma muli o ka maʻi Graves a i ʻole ma ke ʻano he hopena ʻaoʻao o ka ʻoki ʻana no ka maʻi Graves. ʻOiai ʻaʻole lākou e hana no nā mea a pau, hiki i nā prisms i kou aniani ke hoʻoponopono i ka ʻike pālua. Ka ʻoki ʻana i ka orbital decompression. I kēia ʻoki ʻana, e wehe kahi kauka ʻoki i ka iwi ma waena o ka lua maka, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka orbit, a me nā hakahaka ea kokoke i ka orbit, i kapa ʻia ʻo nā sinuses. Hāʻawi kēia i nā maka i kahi lumi e hoʻi ai i ko lākou wahi maʻamau. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mālama inā hiki i ke kaomi ma ka optic nerve ke hoʻoulu i ka nalowale o ka ʻike. ʻO nā pilikia hiki ke komo pū me ka ʻike pālua. Ka radiotherapy orbital. ʻO kēia kahi mālama maʻamau no ka maʻi maka thyroid, akā ʻaʻole maopopo pehea e kōkua ai. Hoʻohana ia i nā X-rays ma luna o kekahi mau lā e luku i kekahi o nā pūnaewele ma hope o nā maka. Hiki i kāu limahana mālama ola ke manaʻo i kēia mālama inā e ʻino ana kāu mau pilikia maka a ʻaʻole hana nā corticosteroids, a i ʻole lākou e hoʻoulu i nā hopena ʻaoʻao nui loa. ʻAʻole mau ka maikaʻi o ka maʻi maka thyroid me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi Graves. Hiki i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi maka thyroid ke ʻoi aku ka ʻino no 3 a 6 mau mahina. Ma hope o kēlā, pinepine nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi maka thyroid e noho like no hoʻokahi makahiki a pēlā aku. A laila e hoʻomaka nā hōʻailona e maikaʻi, pinepine ma luna o lākou iho. ʻIke hou aku Mālama maʻi Graves ma Mayo Clinic Thyroidectomy Noi i kahi manawa kūpono