He aha ka HIV/AIDS? Nā hōʻailona, nā kumu, a me ka lāʻau

ʻO ka HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) kahi maʻi e hoʻouka i ka ʻōnaehana pale o kou kino, me ka nānā nui ʻana i nā pūnaewele CD4 e kōkua ana i ka paio ʻana i nā maʻi. Ke ʻole ka mālama ʻana i ka HIV, hiki ke holomua i ka AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), ʻo ia ka pae holomua loa o ka maʻi HIV. Me nā lāʻau lapaʻau o kēia wā, hiki i nā kānaka me ka HIV ke ola lōʻihi, ola maikaʻi a pale aku i ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

He aha ka HIV?

ʻO ka HIV kahi maʻi e hoʻonāwaliwali i kou ʻōnaehana pale ma o ka luku ʻana i nā pūnaewele ponoʻī e pale aku iā ʻoe mai ka maʻi. E noʻonoʻo i kou ʻōnaehana pale e like me ka hui palekana o kou kino, a ke hoʻouka nei ka HIV i nā luna o kēlā hui. Ke kope nei ka maʻi iā ia iho i loko o kēia mau pūnaewele pale, e hoʻemi mālie ana i ka hiki o kou kino ke paio i nā maʻi a me kekahi mau maʻi kanesa.

ʻO ka HIV ka huaʻōlelo no ka Human Immunodeficiency Virus no ka mea e pili wale ana i nā kānaka, e hoʻokumu ana i ka nele o ka pale, a pili i kahi ʻohana o nā maʻi. Ke hoʻouka nei ka maʻi i nā pūnaewele CD4 T-helper, ʻo ia nā pūnaewele keʻokeʻo koko e hoʻonohonoho i kou pane pale. I ka wā e luku ʻia ai kēia mau pūnaewele, e hoʻonāwaliwali mau ana kou ʻōnaehana pale.

He aha ka AIDS?

ʻO ka AIDS ka pae hope loa o ka maʻi HIV, i ʻike ʻia ke emi iho ka helu o kāu pūnaewele CD4 ma lalo o 200 mau pūnaewele i kēlā me kēia microliter a i ʻole ke loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau maʻi koʻikoʻi a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi kanesa. ʻAʻole nā ​​​​kānaka a pau me ka HIV e loaʻa i ka AIDS, ʻoi aku hoʻi me ka mālama kūpono. Loaʻa ka AIDS ke hōʻino nui ka HIV i ka ʻōnaehana pale, e waiho ana iā ʻoe i ka pilikia i nā maʻi weliweli i ke ola e paio maʻamau ai kahi ʻōnaehana pale olakino.

ʻO ka holomua mai ka HIV a i ka AIDS e lawe pinepine ana i nā makahiki me ka ʻole o ka mālama ʻana. Eia naʻe, me ka lāʻau antiretroviral hou, ʻaʻole nui nā kānaka me ka HIV e holomua i ka AIDS a hiki ke mālama i ka hana pale maʻamau a kokoke paha i ko lākou ola.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka HIV?

Hoʻololi nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi HIV ma muli o ke kahua o ka maʻi, a ʻaʻole paha e ʻike kekahi poʻe i nā hōʻailona no nā makahiki. Hiki ke palupalu nā hōʻailona mua a maʻalahi ke kuhi he maʻi ʻē aʻe ia.

I ka wā o ke kahua maʻi ʻoi (2-4 mau pule ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻia), hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona like me ka maʻi flu, e like me:

• Wela a me ka ʻūlū
• Poʻo ʻeha nui
• ʻEha o nā mākala a me nā hono
• ʻEha o ka ʻāʻī
• Nā lymph nodes pehu
• ʻIli ʻili (ma ka umauma, maka, a i ʻole nā lima)
• Luhi loa
• Ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka pō

ʻO ka maʻamau, mau nā hōʻailona no 1-2 mau pule a laila nalowale ke hoʻomaka kou kino e hana i nā antibodies e kūʻē i ka HIV. He nui nā kānaka e kuhi he flu a i ʻole maʻi viral ʻē aʻe kēia mau hōʻailona.

I ka wā o ke kahua maʻi lōʻihi, hiki i ka HIV ke hoʻokumu i nā hōʻailona iki a ʻaʻohe paha no kekahi mau makahiki. Ke kapa ʻia nei kēia ʻo ka manawa asymptomatic, akā ke hoʻonui mau nei ka maʻi a hōʻino i kou ʻōnaehana pale. Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona māmā e like me nā lymph nodes pehu mau.

Ke holomua nei ka HIV i ka AIDS, hiki ke ulu nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi:

• Wela mau
• Kūpilikiʻi lōʻihi ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi pule
• Luhi mau, ʻaʻohe kumu
• Kaumaha wikiwiki
• Nā maʻi pinepine e paʻakikī ke mālama
• Nā kūlana ʻili maʻamau a i ʻole nā ʻili ʻili
• Nā pilikia hoʻomanaʻo a i ʻole ka huikau
• Kūpilikiʻi mau

E hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau hōʻailona ʻo ia hoʻi he HIV kāu. He nui nā kūlana ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻokumu i nā hōʻailona like, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hoʻokolokolo wale nō ke ala e ʻike pono ai.

He aha ke kumu o ka HIV?

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka HIV e ka maʻi me ka Human Immunodeficiency Virus, kahi i hoʻolaha ʻia ma o nā wai kino kūikawā. ʻAʻole hiki i ka maʻi ke ola lōʻihi ma waho o ke kino kanaka a pono e hoʻopili pololei me kekahi mau wai e hoʻolaha ai mai ke kanaka a i ke kanaka.

Hoʻolaha ʻia ka maʻi HIV ma o kēia mau wai kino ke hoʻopā lākou i nā membrane mucous, nā ʻiʻo i hōʻino ʻia, a i ʻole ke komo pololei i ke kahe koko:

• Ke koko
• Ka wai mani a me ka wai pre-seminal
• Nā wai o ka pepeiao wahine a me ka ʻōpū
• Waiū umauma

ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau loa e pālahalaha ai ka maʻi HIV, ʻo ia ka pilina moekolohe pale ʻole me kahi kanaka maʻi, ka hoʻohana like ʻana i nā nila a i ʻole nā syringes, a mai ka makuahine i ke keiki i ka wā hāpai, hānau, a i ʻole ka hānai ʻana. He ala hoʻolaha ke koko transfusion ma mua, akā ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi loa ʻia kēia ma nā ʻāina holomua mai ka makahiki 1985 ma muli o ka nānā ʻana.

He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻolaha ʻia ka maʻi HIV ma o ka hoʻopā maʻamau e like me ka ʻāpā, honi, ka ʻai like ʻana, a i ʻole ka pā ʻana i nā ʻili. He nāwaliwali loa ka mea hoʻomaʻi a make koke ke hōʻike ʻia i ka ea.

I ka wā e ʻimi ai i ke kauka no ka maʻi HIV?

Pono ʻoe e ʻimi i ke kauka no ka hoʻokolohua HIV inā ua hōʻike ʻia ʻoe i ka mea hoʻomaʻi a i ʻole ke komo i nā hana e hoʻonui ai i kou pilikia. He mea nui ka ʻike mua ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana no ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino maikaʻi a me ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

E ʻimi koke i ka mālama lapaʻau inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona e like me ka maʻi flu 2-4 mau pule ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka maʻi HIV. ʻOiai hiki i kēia mau hōʻailona ke loaʻa mai nā kumu like ʻole, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ke hoʻokolohua a ʻike pono.

E noʻonoʻo e hoʻokolohua mau i ka maʻi HIV inā he nui kāu mau hoa moekolohe, hoʻohana i nā lāʻau injectable, loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hoa me ka maʻi HIV, a i ʻole ua ʻike ʻia ʻoe me kahi maʻi moekolohe ʻē aʻe. Ke paipai nei ka CDC i nā kānaka a pau ma waena o 13-64 mau makahiki e hoʻokolohua ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi manawa ma ke ʻano he mālama olakino maʻamau.

Inā hāpai ʻoe a i ʻole e hoʻolālā ana e hāpai, he mea nui loa ka hoʻokolohua HIV no ka mea hiki i ka mālama ke pale aku i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i kāu pēpē. Me ka mālama lapaʻau kūpono, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka pilikia o ka hoʻolaha ʻana mai ka makuahine i ke keiki i ka lalo o 2%.

He aha nā mea pilikia no ka maʻi HIV?

Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano hana a me nā kūlana ke hoʻonui i kou pilikia o ka maʻi HIV, akā, he mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia hiki i kekahi ke loaʻa, me ka nānā ʻole i ka makahiki, ka wahine, ka lāhui, a i ʻole ka ʻano moekolohe. Ke hoʻomaopopo ʻoe i nā kumu pilikia, kōkua ia iā ʻoe e hana i nā hoʻoholo kūpono e pili ana i kou olakino.

ʻO nā kumu pilikia moekolohe kekahi:

• Moekolohe vaginal, anal, a i ʻole oral me ka pale ʻole
• Loaʻa nā hoa moekolohe he nui
• Moekolohe me kekahi i ʻike ʻole ʻia kona kūlana HIV
• Loaʻa nā maʻi moekolohe ʻē aʻe
• ʻO ka mea loaʻa i ka moekolohe anal

ʻO nā kumu pilikia e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka kaʻana like ʻana i nā nila, nā syringe, a i ʻole nā ​​lako ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau me kekahi i loaʻa ka HIV. Hoʻopili kēia i ka kaʻana like ʻana i nā lako no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā hormones, a i ʻole nā ​​steroids.

ʻO nā kumu pilikia ʻē aʻe e komo pū ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā transfusion koko a i ʻole nā ​​transplant organ ma nā ʻāina ʻaʻohe palekana kūpono, loaʻa kahi hana e hōʻike ana iā ʻoe i ke koko HIV-infected, a hānau ʻia i kahi makuahine me ka HIV nāna i loaʻa ʻole ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka wā hāpai.

ʻAʻole ʻo ia hoʻi ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ka HIV inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā kumu pilikia, a nui nā kānaka me nā kumu pilikia ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka maʻi. Hōʻike wale kēia mau mea i ka wā e pono ai nā palekana hou a me ka hoʻokolokolo mau.

He aha nā pilikia hiki ke loaʻa mai ka HIV?

Me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki i ka HIV ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi ke hoʻonāwaliwali mau nei i kou ʻōnaehana pale. Eia naʻe, me ka mālama lapaʻau kūpono a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki ke pale ʻia a mālama ʻia ka hapa nui o kēia mau pilikia.

ʻO nā maʻi opportunistic nā pilikia maʻamau loa o ka HIV i mālama ʻole ʻia. ʻO kēia nā maʻi i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pilikia i nā kānaka me nā ʻōnaehana pale olakino akā hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka pale:

• Pneumonia Pneumocystis (PCP)
• Tuberculosis
• Candidiasis (thrush) ma ka waha, ka ʻāʻī, a i ʻole ka pepeiao wahine
• Nā maʻi Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
• Toxoplasmosis e hoʻopilikia ana i ka lolo
• Meningitis Cryptococcal

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o kekahi mau kanesa i loko o nā kānaka me ka HIV holomua, me ka Kaposi's sarcoma, ka non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a me ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervical i nā wāhine. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea i kekahi manawa he mau kanesa e hoʻomaopopo ana i ka AIDS no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hōʻike i ka holomua ʻana i ka AIDS.

Hiki ke loaʻa nā pilikia neurological i ka wā e hoʻopilikia ai ka HIV i ka ʻōnaehana nerve, hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā pilikia hoʻomanaʻo, ka huikau, ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻololi i ka ʻano. Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke loaʻa ka dementia pili i ka HIV i nā pae holomua.

Hiki i nā pilikia ʻē aʻe ke komo pū me ka maʻi kidney, nā pilikia ate (ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā kānaka i loaʻa pū me ka hepatitis B a i ʻole C), ka maʻi naʻau, a me nā pilikia iwi e like me ka osteoporosis. He nui o kēia mau pilikia i kēia manawa he mea maʻamau ʻole i nā kānaka e loaʻa ana i ka mālama HIV mau.

Pehea ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka HIV?

Hōʻoia ʻia ka HIV ma o nā hoʻokolohua koko e ʻimi ana i ka virus ponoʻī a i ʻole nā ​​antibody i hana ʻia e kou kino e hakakā i ka HIV. Loaʻa kekahi mau ʻano hoʻokolohua, ʻo kēlā me kēia me nā puka ʻike ʻokoʻa a me nā pae pololei.

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua palekana maʻamau loa nā hoʻokolohua antibody, kahi e ʻimi ai i nā protein i hana ʻia e kou ʻōnaehana pale i ka pane i ka maʻi HIV. Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia mau hoʻokolohua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke koko mai kahi vein, ke koko mai kahi manamana lima, a i ʻole ka wai waha. Loaʻa maʻamau nā hopena i loko o kekahi mau lā a hiki i hoʻokahi pule.

Hiki i nā hoʻokolohua wikiwiki ke hāʻawi i nā hopena i loko o 20 mau minuke a emi iho paha a loaʻa i nā keʻena lapaʻau he nui, nā kikowaena kaiāulu, a no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka home. ʻOiai he kūpono, pono e hōʻoia ʻia nā hoʻokolohua wikiwiki maikaʻi me kahi hoʻokolohua hale hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.

Hiki i nā ho'okolohua antigen/antibody ke ʻike mua aku i ka HIV ma mua o nā ho'okolohua antibody wale nō, no ka mea, ke ʻimi nei lākou i nā antibody HIV a me ka antigen p24, kahi protein ʻāpana o ka maʻi. Hiki i kēia mau ho'okolohua hui ke ʻike maʻamau i ka HIV ma hope o 2-6 mau pule mai ka maʻi.

Inā he maikaʻi nā ho'okolohua mua, e kauoha aku kāu kauka i ka ho'okolohua hōʻoia e hōʻoia i ka pololei o nā hopena. Hiki iā lākou ke kauoha pū i nā ho'okolohua e ana i kāu viral load (ʻehia ka nui o ka maʻi i loko o kou koko) a me ka helu CD4 (pehea ka ikaika o kou ʻōnaehana pale).

He aha ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka HIV?

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau HIV ka lawe ʻana i ka hui o nā lāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo antiretroviral therapy (ART) i kēlā me kēia lā. Hana kēia mau lāʻau ma ka pale ʻana i nā ʻanuʻu like ʻole o ke ola HIV, e pale ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka maʻi a e ʻae ana i kāu ʻōnaehana pale e ola hou.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau HIV hou i kēia manawa, ʻo ia ka lawe ʻana i 1-3 mau papa i kēlā me kēia lā, pinepine i hui pū ʻia i loko o hoʻokahi papa no ka maʻalahi. ʻO ka pahuhopu, ʻo ia ka ho'ēmi ʻana i kāu viral load i nā pae ʻike ʻole ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa ka maʻi i nā ho'okolohua koko maʻamau a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia i nā hoa moe.

ʻO nā papa maʻamau o nā lāʻau HIV, ʻo ia:

• Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
• Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
• Protease inhibitors (PIs)
• Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs)
• Entry or fusion inhibitors

E koho kāu kauka i ka hui maikaʻi loa ma muli o nā mea e like me kou olakino holoʻokoʻa, nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe āu e lawe ai, nā hopena ʻaoʻao, a me kou makemake. Hoʻomaka ka hapa nui o nā kānaka i ka lāʻau lapaʻau koke ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana, me ka nānā ʻole i kā lākou helu CD4.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau he ola lōʻihi, akā me ka hoʻopaʻa mau ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki i nā kānaka me ka HIV ke manaʻo e ola kokoke e like me ka poʻe ʻole o ka HIV. Kūpono ka nānā mau ʻana e hōʻoia i ka hana ʻana o nā lāʻau a e ʻae i nā hoʻoponopono inā pono.

Pehea e mālama ai i ka HIV ma ka home?

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka HIV ma ka home, ʻo ia ka lawe ʻana i kāu mau lāʻau e like me ke kauoha a me ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano ola olakino e kākoʻo ana i kou ʻōnaehana pale. ʻO ka kūpaʻa me kāu papa hana lapaʻau ka mea nui loa āu e hiki ai ke hana.

Lawe i kāu mau lāʻau HIV i ka manawa hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia lā, mai haʻalele i nā doses, a mai hoʻōki i ka lawe ʻana inā ʻoluʻolu ʻoe. Hoʻonoho i nā ʻālelo kelepona, hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻonohonoho papa, a i ʻole e ʻimi i ka ʻōnaehana hana maikaʻi loa e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo. Hiki i ka nele o nā doses ke ʻae i ka virus ke hoʻonui a hoʻomohala paha i ka pale ʻana i kāu mau lāʻau.

Kākoʻo i kou olakino holoʻokoʻa me ka ʻai maikaʻi, ka hoʻoikaika kino maʻamau, ka hiamoe lawa, a me ka hoʻokele kaumaha. ʻAi i ka ʻai kaulike piha i nā hua, nā huaʻai, nā protein liʻiliʻi, a me nā huaola holoʻokoʻa. E noho ikaika kino i loko o kou pae ʻoluʻolu, e pahuhopu ana i ka liʻiliʻi o 30 mau minuke o ka hana waena i ka hapa nui o nā lā.

Mālama iā ʻoe iho a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ma ka hana ʻana i ka moekolohe palekana, ka pale ʻana i ka kaʻana like ʻana i nā nila, a me ka pololei me nā mea lawelawe olakino e pili ana i ke kūlana o kāu HIV. E mālama i nā hālāwai lāʻau maʻamau a me nā hōʻike i manaʻo ʻia no nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe.

Kūkulu i kahi pūnaewele kākoʻo ikaika o ka ʻohana, nā hoaaloha, nā mea lawelawe olakino, a me nā hui kākoʻo HIV. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka mālama ʻana i kekahi kūlana maʻi inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e manaʻo wale nō i ke kaʻina hana.

Pehea e hiki ai ke pale ʻia ka HIV?

ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka HIV, ʻo ia ka hōʻemi ʻana i kou pilikia o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana i ka virus ma o nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa pinepine ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻano pale ʻana he nui ma muli o kāu mau kūlana pilikino a me nā mea pilikia.

ʻO nā hana moekolohe palekana ka mea nui i ka pale ʻana i ka HIV. E hoʻohana pono a kūpaʻa i nā condoms latex a polyurethane i ka wā o ka moekolohe vaginal, anal, a me ka waha. E kaupalena i ka nui o kāu mau hoa moekolohe, a e kamaʻilio ākea e pili ana i ka ho'āʻo HIV a me ke kūlana me nā hoa.

ʻO ka pale ʻana ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻana (PrEP) ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kēlā me kēia lā e hiki ai ke hoʻemi i ka pilikia o ka maʻi HIV ma mua o 90% i nā kānaka i pilikia nui. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ka PrEP inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka hoa aloha HIV-positive, nā hoa moe he nui, a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

Inā hoʻohana ʻoe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, mai kaʻana like i nā nila, nā syringe, a i ʻole nā ​​​​lako hoʻopili ʻē aʻe. Nui nā kaiāulu e hāʻawi ana i nā papahana hoʻololi nila e hāʻawi ana i nā lako maʻemaʻe. E noʻonoʻo e ʻimi i ka mālama ʻana no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohana inā mākaukau ʻoe.

ʻO ka pale ʻana ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana (PEP) ka lāʻau lapaʻau pilikia e hiki ke pale aku i ka maʻi HIV inā hoʻomaka ʻia i loko o 72 mau hola ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana. Hoʻopili ka PEP i ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau HIV no 28 mau lā a ua ʻōlelo ʻia ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hana a i ʻole ka hoʻouka kolohe kolohe.

Ke kōkua nei ka hoʻokolokolo HIV maʻamau iā ʻoe e ʻike i kou kūlana a e ʻimi koke i ka mālama inā pono. Hiki i nā kānaka HIV-positive a lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ke kauoha ʻana ke loaʻa i kahi viral load undetectable, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoili i ka HIV i nā hoa moe.

Pehea ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau ai no kāu ʻaha kūkā kauka?

ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no kāu ʻaha kūkā kauka e pili ana i nā pilikia a i ʻole ka hoʻokele ʻana o ka HIV e kōkua i ka hōʻoia ʻana e loaʻa iā ʻoe ka mea maikaʻi loa mai kāu kipa. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo me kāu mea hoʻolako mālama ola e alakaʻi i ka mālama ʻana a me nā hopena maikaʻi.

E kākau i kāu mau nīnau ma mua o ka ʻaha kūkā i ʻole e poina i nā pilikia nui. E hoʻokomo i nā nīnau e pili ana i ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana, nā koho mālama ʻana, nā hopena ʻaoʻao, nā loli nohona, a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻenehana pale. Mai hopohopo e nīnau i nā nīnau he nui - makemake kāu kauka e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo piha i kou kūlana.

E lawe mai i ka papa inoa piha o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea hoʻohui, a me nā huaora āu e lawe nei i kēia manawa, me nā doses a me ka pinepine o kāu lawe ʻana. Ke kōkua nei kēia ʻike i kāu kauka e pale aku i nā pilina lāʻau lapaʻau weliweli a koho i ke ala mālama maikaʻi loa.

E mākaukau e kūkākūkā me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ana i kou moʻolelo pili moe a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Pono kāu kauka i ka ʻike pololei e loiloi i kou pilikia, e ʻōlelo aku i nā hoʻokolohua kūpono, a e hāʻawi i ka mālama maikaʻi loa. E hoʻomanaʻo ua pili ʻia nā limahana olakino e ka hūnā ʻana, ʻaʻole hoʻi lākou e hoʻohewa iā ʻoe.

E noʻonoʻo e lawe mai i kahi hoaaloha a ʻohana paha i hilinaʻi ʻia no ke kākoʻo, ʻoiai inā ʻoe e hopohopo e pili ana i ka ʻaha kūkā. Hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi me ʻoe ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo i ka ʻike nui a hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo manaʻo i ka wā o nā kūkākūkā paʻakikī.

He aha ka mea nui e pili ana i ka HIV?

ʻO ka mea nui loa e hoʻomaopopo e pili ana i ka HIV, ʻo ia kahi kūlana maʻi maʻi hiki ke hoʻokele ʻia me nā lāʻau lapaʻau o kēia wā, ʻaʻole ka ʻōlelo make e like me ka wā ma mua. Hiki i nā kānaka i ʻike ʻia me ka HIV a loaʻa ka mālama lapaʻau kūpono ke ola lōʻihi, ola olakino a loaʻa nā pilina piha.

He mea nui ka ʻike mua ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hopena olakino maikaʻi loa. Hiki i nā lāʻau HIV ke hoʻemi i ka maʻi i nā pae ʻike ʻole ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolaha i ka HIV i nā hoa moe a hiki ke ikaika kou ʻōnaehana pale. ʻO kēia manaʻo, i ʻike ʻia ʻo

ʻO ka honi hohonu, lōʻihi, ma ke kumumanaʻo, he liʻiliʻi loa ka pilikia inā loaʻa i nā kānaka ʻelua nā ʻāʻī koko a i ʻole nā ʻeha waha, akā ʻaʻohe hihia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai ka honi wale nō. ʻAʻohe pilikia o ka honi maʻamau no ka mea ʻaʻole i hoʻolaha ʻia ka HIV ma o ka waiʻona. Pono ka maʻi i ka komo pololei i kou kahe koko a i ʻole nā membrane mucous ma o ke koko maʻi, ka wai mani, nā wai vaginal, a i ʻole ka waiū umauma.

Pehea ka lōʻihi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ola me ka HIV me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau?

Me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e holomua mau ana ka HIV i ka AIDS i loko o 8-10 mau makahiki, ʻoiai he ʻokoʻa loa kēia i waena o nā kānaka. Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke holomua wikiwiki, ʻoiai kekahi poʻe (i kapa ʻia ʻo nā mea hoʻomau lōʻihi) e mālama i ka hana palekana maikaʻi no nā makahiki he nui. Eia naʻe, me ka lāʻau lapaʻau antiretroviral hou, hiki i nā kānaka me ka HIV ke manaʻo e ola kokoke like me ka poʻe ʻole o ka HIV.

Hiki ke ho'ōla ʻia ka HIV?

I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau no ka HIV, akā hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke kaohi i ka maʻi i kahi kūpono loa e lilo ai i mea ʻike ʻole ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua koko. Ke hoʻomau nei nā mea noiʻi i ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hiki, me nā ʻano hoʻouka a pepehi a me nā ʻano gene therapy. He liʻiliʻi loa ka nui o nā kānaka i ho'ōla ʻia ma ke ʻano hana ma o nā transplants stem cell, akā ʻaʻole kēia he lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono no ka hapa nui o nā kānaka.

Hiki ke hoʻolaha ʻia ka HIV ma o ka ʻai a i ʻole ka wai?

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻolaha ʻia ka HIV ma o ka ʻai, ka wai, a i ʻole ka hoʻopā maʻamau. He nāwaliwali loa ka maʻi a make koke ke hōʻike ʻia i ka ea, ka wela, a i ʻole nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻamau. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka HIV mai ka kaʻana like ʻana i ka ʻai, nā mea inu, nā mea hana, nā noho halepaku, a i ʻole nā wai ʻauʻau. Pono ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hoʻopā pololei me ke koko maʻi, ka wai mani, nā wai vaginal, a i ʻole ka waiū umauma.

He aha ka manaʻo o ka viral load ʻike ʻole ʻia?

ʻO ka nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻemi nā lāʻau lapaʻau HIV i ka nui o ka maʻi i loko o kou koko i nā pae haʻahaʻa loa a hiki ʻole i nā hoʻokolohua maʻamau ke ʻike. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ia ka emi o 50 mau kope o ka maʻi no kēlā me kēia mililita o ke koko. Ke ʻike ʻole ʻia kou nui o ka maʻi a mau loa ia no ka liʻiliʻi o ʻeono mahina, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolaha i ka HIV i nā hoa moe, ʻoiai me ka ʻole o nā condom.