Ka Ischemia O Ka ʻōpū

ʻO ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū (is-KEE-me-uh) kahi huaʻōlelo e pili ana i nā ʻano like ʻole e hiki mai ana i ka wā e lohi ai ka holo ʻana o ke koko i nā ʻōpū a i ʻole e kū. Hiki i ka ischemia ke loaʻa ma muli o ka pani ʻana piha a hapa paha o ka moku koko, ʻo ka hapa nui ka artery. A i ʻole, hiki i ke kaomi koko haʻahaʻa ke alakaʻi i ka emi ʻana o ke kahe koko. Hiki i ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū ke hoʻopili i ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, ka ʻōpū nui a i ʻole nā ​​ʻelua. ʻO ka emi ʻana o ke kahe koko, ʻo ia hoʻi ka emi ʻana o ka oxygen i nā cell i loko o ka ʻōnaehana e hele ai ka meaʻai, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻōnaehana digestive. He kūlana koʻikoʻi ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū e hiki ke hoʻokumu i ka ʻeha. Hiki iā ia ke hana paʻakikī i ka hana maikaʻi ʻana o nā ʻōpū. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki i ka nalowale ʻana o ke kahe koko i nā ʻōpū ke hoʻopōʻino mau i nā ʻōpū. A hiki ke alakaʻi i ka make. Aia nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kōkua lapaʻau koke e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā manawa o ka hoʻōla.

Hiki i nā hōʻailona o ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū ke hele mai koke. I ka wā e hana ai kēia, kapa ʻia ka maʻi he ischemia o ka ʻōpū ʻoi. I ka wā e hele mālie ai nā hōʻailona, kapa ʻia ka maʻi he ischemia o ka ʻōpū maʻi mau. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona mai ke kanaka a i ke kanaka. Akā, ke hōʻike nei kekahi mau hōʻailona i kahi ʻike o ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū. ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū ʻoi pinepine loa: ʻEha koke o ka ʻōpū. Pono koke e hele i ka lua. Hoʻoikaika pinepine i ka hele ʻana i ka lua. ʻEha a pupule paha ka ʻōpū, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he distention. Nā wai ʻōpū koko. Nā ʻōpū a me ka luaʻi. Kuʻi manaʻo, i nā poʻe ʻelemakule. Hiki i nā hōʻailona o ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū maʻi mau ke komo pū: ʻEha a piha paha ka ʻōpū, pinepine loa i loko o 30 mau minuke ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, e mau ana no 1 a 3 mau hola. ʻEha o ka ʻōpū e ʻoi aku ka ʻino iki ma luna o nā pule a i ʻole nā mahina. Makau i ka ʻai ʻana ma muli o ka ʻeha ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana. Pau ke kaumaha me ka ho'āʻo ʻole. Diarrhea. Nā ʻōpū a me ka luaʻi. Pupule. E ʻimi koke i ka mālama lapaʻau inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū koke a nui. ʻO ka ʻeha e manaʻo nui ai ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke noho mālie a ʻimi i kahi kūlana e ʻoluʻolu ai he pilikia lapaʻau. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe e hopohopo ai ʻoe, e hana i kahi kūkā me kāu limahana mālama ola.

E ʻimi koke i ka mālama lapaʻau inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻeha ʻōpū koke a nui. ʻO ka ʻeha e ʻoluʻolu ʻole ai ʻoe e noho mālie a i ʻole e loaʻa kahi kūlana e ʻoluʻolu ai he pilikia lapaʻau ia.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe e hopohopo ai ʻoe, e hana i kahi kūkā me kāu limahana mālama ola.

ʻO ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū ka hanana ʻana o ke kahe koko ma o nā kīʻaha koko nui e hoʻouna ana i ke koko i a mai nā ʻōpū, e lohi a pau paha. He nui nā kumu hiki ke loaʻa i ke kūlana. Hiki i nā kumu ke komo pū me: Kahi clot koko e kāohi ana i kahi artery. Kahi artery i hoʻonui ʻia ma muli o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā wai momona, e like me ka cholesterol. Ua kapa ʻia kēia kūlana ʻo atherosclerosis. Ke koko haʻahaʻa e alakaʻi ana i ka emi ʻana o ke kahe koko. Ka kāohi ʻana i loko o kahi vein, kahi mea i emi pinepine. Hoʻokaʻawale pinepine ʻia ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū i nā hui. Hoʻopili ka ischemia colon, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ischemic colitis, i ka ʻōpū nui. Hoʻopili nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka ischemia i ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia mau mea ʻo ka ischemia mesenteric acute, ka ischemia mesenteric maʻamau a me ka ischemia ma muli o ka thrombosis mesenteric venous. ʻO kēia ʻano o ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū ka mea maʻamau loa. Hana ia i ka wā e lohi ai ke kahe koko i kahi ʻāpana o ka colon a i ʻole e kāohi ʻia. ʻAʻole maopopo mau ke kumu o ka emi ʻana o ke kahe koko i ka colon. Akā, ʻo nā kūlana e hiki ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka ischemia colon e komo pū me: Ke koko haʻahaʻa loa, i kapa ʻia ʻo hypotension. Hiki paha kēia ke pili i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka naʻau, ka ʻoki nui, ka hōʻeha, ka haʻalulu a i ʻole ka nalowale ʻana o nā wai kino, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka dehydration. Kahi clot koko a i ʻole ka kāohi nui i loko o kahi artery e hoʻouna ana i ke koko i ka colon. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻo atherosclerosis. Kahi huli ʻana o ka ʻōpū, i kapa ʻia ʻo volvulus, a i ʻole ka hopu ʻana o nā mea o loko o ka ʻōpū i loko o ka hernia. Kahi ʻōpū i hoʻonui ʻia mai ka ʻili ʻili a i ʻole kahi tumor e kāohi ana i ka ʻōpū. Nā kūlana lapaʻau ʻē aʻe e hoʻopilikia ana i ke koko. ʻO kēia mau mea e komo pū me ka lupus, ka anemia sickle cell, a me ka pehu a me ka huhū, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka mumū, o nā kīʻaha koko. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia mumū ʻo vasculitis. Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻonui ai i nā kīʻaha koko. ʻO kēia mau mea e komo pū me kekahi e mālama ana i ka maʻi naʻau a me ka migraine. Nā lāʻau hormonal, e like me nā pīni hānau. Hoʻohana cocaine a methamphetamine paha. Hoʻoikaika nui, e like me ka holo lōʻihi. Hana ka ischemia mesenteric i ka wā e kāohi ai nā arteries i hoʻonui ʻia a i ʻole i kāohi ʻia i ke kahe koko i ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻopōʻino i ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi i ke ola holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka ischemia mesenteric acute ka hopena o ka nalowale koke ʻana o ke kahe koko i ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi. Hiki paha ia ma muli o: Kahi clot koko, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he embolus, e hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka naʻau a hele ma o ke koko e kāohi i kahi artery. Hoʻopili pinepine ia i ka artery mesenteric superior, kahi e hoʻouna ai i ke koko momona oxygen i nā ʻōpū. ʻO kēia ka kumu maʻamau loa o ka ischemia artery mesenteric acute. Hiki i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka naʻau congestive, kahi hoʻouka naʻau a i ʻole ka puʻuwai kūpono ʻole, i kapa ʻia ʻo arrhythmia, ke lawe mai ia. Kahi kāohi e hana ʻia ana i loko o kekahi o nā arteries intestinal nui. ʻO kēia pinepine ka hopena o ka atherosclerosis. Hoʻomaka pinepine kēia ʻano ischemia koke i nā kānaka me ka ischemia intestinal maʻamau. Ke kahe koko lohi mai ke koko haʻahaʻa. Hiki ke loaʻa ke koko haʻahaʻa ma muli o ka haʻalulu, ka hāʻule ʻana o ka naʻau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻupaʻa, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻupaʻa maʻamau. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ke kahe koko lohi i nā kānaka me nā maʻi koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe a me nā wai momona ma ka paia artery, i kapa ʻia ʻo atherosclerosis. Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano o ka ischemia mesenteric acute ʻo ka ischemia nonocclusive. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia ma muli o ka kāohi ʻana i ka artery. ʻO ka ischemia mesenteric maʻamau ka hopena o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā wai momona ma ka paia artery, i kapa ʻia ʻo atherosclerosis. ʻO ka hana maʻi pinepine ka lohi. Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka angina intestinal no ka mea ʻo ia ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ke kahe koko i nā ʻōpū ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana. ʻAʻole pono paha ʻoe i ka mālama a hiki i ka liʻiliʻi ʻelua o nā arteries nui ʻekolu e hoʻouna ana i ke koko i kou mau ʻōpū e lilo i mea hoʻonui loa a i ʻole i kāohi ʻia a pau. ʻO kahi pilikia weliweli hiki ke loaʻa i ka ischemia mesenteric maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi clot koko i loko o kahi artery i hoʻonui ʻia. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻokumu i kahi kāohi koke, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻokumu i ka ischemia mesenteric acute. Hana kēia ʻano ischemia i ka wā hiki ʻole ke haʻalele ke koko i ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi. Hiki paha kēia ma muli o kahi clot koko i loko o kahi vein e hoʻokahe ana i ke koko mai nā ʻōpū. Lawe nā veins i ke koko i hope i ka naʻau ma hope o ka wehe ʻana o ka oxygen. I ka wā e kāohi ʻia ai ka vein, e hoʻi hope ke koko i nā ʻōpū, e hoʻokumu ana i ka pehu a me ke kahe koko. Hiki paha kēia ma muli o: Ka mumū acute a maʻamau paha a me ka pehu, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka mumū, o ka pancreas. Ua kapa ʻia kēia kūlana ʻo pancreatitis. Ka maʻi i loko o ka ʻōpū. Nā kanesa o ka ʻōnaehana digestive. Nā maʻi ʻōpū, e like me ka ulcerative colitis, ka maʻi Crohn a i ʻole ka diverticulitis. Nā kūlana e hana maʻalahi ai ke koko. Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka estrogen e hiki ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia clotting. Nā hōʻeha i ka wahi ʻōpū.

Nā kumu e hoʻonui ai i kou pilikia o ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū: Ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā momona momona i loko o kou mau arteries, i kapa ʻia ʻo atherosclerosis. Inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe nā kūlana ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia e ka atherosclerosis, nui kou pilikia o ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū. ʻO kēia mau kūlana e komo pū ana ka emi ʻana o ke koko i ka naʻau, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka maʻi coronary artery; ka emi ʻana o ke koko i nā wāwae, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka maʻi peripheral vascular; a i ʻole ka emi ʻana o ke koko i nā arteries e hele ana i ka lolo, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka maʻi carotid artery. Ka makahiki. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka poʻe ma mua o 50 mau makahiki e loaʻa i ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū. Ka puhipaka. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā sigareta a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka paka puhi e hoʻonui i kou pilikia o ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū. Nā kūlana o ka naʻau a me nā kīʻaha koko. ʻOi aku ka nui o kou pilikia o ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka congestive heart failure a i ʻole ka puʻuwai ʻole e like me ka atrial fibrillation. Hiki i nā maʻi o nā kīʻaha koko e hopena i ka huhū, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka mumū, o nā veins a me nā arteries ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia. ʻIke ʻia kēia mumū ʻo vasculitis. Nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻonui i kou pilikia o ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū. ʻO nā laʻana e komo pū ana nā pīni hānau a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻolilo i kou mau kīʻaha koko e hoʻonui a i ʻole ke kuʻi, e like me kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ʻeha a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau migraine. Nā pilikia o ke koko-clotting. Hiki i nā maʻi a me nā kūlana e hoʻonui i kou pilikia o nā clots koko ke hoʻonui i kou pilikia o ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū. ʻO nā laʻana e komo pū ana ka maʻi sickle cell a me kahi kūlana genetic i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka mutation factor V Leiden. Nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ke koko kiʻekiʻe, ka maʻi diabetes a i ʻole ka cholesterol kiʻekiʻe e hiki ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū. Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūʻē. Ua pili ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cocaine a me ka methamphetamine i ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū.

Hiki i nā pilikia o ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū ke komo pū me:

• Ka make ʻana o ka ʻiʻo o ka ʻōpū. Hiki i ka pani koke a piha loa ʻana o ke kahe koko i nā ʻōpū ke pepehi i ka ʻiʻo o ka ʻōpū. Kapa ʻia kēia he gangrene.
• Ka puka ʻana o ka puka ma ka paia o nā ʻōpū, i kapa ʻia he perforation. Hiki i ka puka ke hoʻokuʻu i nā mea i loko o ka ʻōpū i loko o ka ʻōpū. Hiki paha kēia ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi nui i kapa ʻia ʻo peritonitis.
• Ka ʻili ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻana o ka ʻōpū. I kekahi manawa, e ola hou nā ʻōpū mai ka ischemia. Akā, ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ke kaʻina hoʻōla, hana ka kino i ka ʻili ʻili e hoʻoliʻiliʻi a i ʻole ke pani ʻana i nā ʻōpū. Hana pinepine ʻia kēia ma ka colon. ʻAʻole pinepine, hana ʻia kēia ma ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi.

ʻO nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe, e like me ka maʻi pulmonary obstructive maʻi, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo COPD, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū. Hoʻonui ka Emphysema, kahi ʻano o ka COPD, a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe o ka māmā e pili ana i ka puhipaka i kēia pilikia.

I kekahi manawa, hiki i ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū ke make.

Inā manaʻo kāu kauka lapaʻau i ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū ma hope o ka nānā kino, hiki paha iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kekahi mau hoʻokolohua hoʻoholo ma muli o kāu mau hōʻailona. Hiki i nā hoʻokolohua ke komo pū me:

• Nā hoʻokolohua koko. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki i nā hoʻokolohua koko wale nō ke ʻike i ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū, hiki i kekahi mau hopena hoʻokolohua koko ke hōʻike i ke kūlana. He laʻana o ia hopena ka nui o nā keʻena keʻokeʻo.

• Hoʻohana ʻana i kahi scope e ʻike i loko o kou ʻōnaehana digestive. Hoʻokomo kēia i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi paipu kukui, palupalu me kahi kāmela ma kona piko i loko o kou rectum e nānā i kou ʻōnaehana digestive. Hiki i ka scope ke nānā i nā kapuaʻi 2 hope loa o kou colon, kahi hoʻokolohua i kapa ʻia ʻo sigmoidoscopy. Ke nānā ka hoʻokolohua i kou colon holoʻokoʻa, kapa ʻia ʻo colonoscopy.

• Hoʻohana ʻana i ka waihoʻoluʻu e hahai i ke kahe koko ma o nā arteries. I loko o kēia hoʻokolohua, i kapa ʻia ʻo angiography, komo kahi paipu lōʻihi, lahilahi i kapa ʻia ʻo catheter i loko o kahi artery i kou ʻūhā a i ʻole lima. Ke kahe ka waihoʻoluʻu i hoʻokomo ʻia ma o ka catheter i kou mau arteries intestinal.

  ʻO ke kahe ʻana o ka waihoʻoluʻu ma o nā arteries e hōʻike i nā wahi kuʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​pale ʻana ma nā X-rays. Hāʻawi pū ka angiography i kahi kauka lapaʻau e mālama i kahi pale ʻana i kahi artery. Hiki i ke kauka lapaʻau ke wehe i kahi clot, hoʻokomo i ka lāʻau a hoʻohana paha i nā mea hana kūikawā e hoʻonui i kahi artery.

• Nā hana ʻoki. I kekahi mau hihia, pono paha ʻoe i ka hana ʻoki e ʻimi a wehe i nā pūnaewele i hōʻino ʻia. ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻōpū e hāʻawi i ka ʻike a me ka mālama ʻana i hoʻokahi kaʻina hana.

Nā hoʻokolohua Imaging. Hāʻawi nā hoʻokolohua Imaging i kāu kauka lapaʻau e ʻike i kou mau kino o loko a kāpae i nā kumu ʻē aʻe no kāu mau hōʻailona. Hiki i nā hoʻokolohua Imaging ke komo pū me kahi X-ray, kahi ultrasound, kahi CT scan a i ʻole kahi MRI.

No ka nānā ʻana i ke kahe koko i loko o kou mau veins a me nā arteries, hiki i kāu kauka lapaʻau ke hoʻohana i kahi angiogram me kahi ʻano CT scan a i ʻole MRI.

Hoʻohana ʻana i ka waihoʻoluʻu e hahai i ke kahe koko ma o nā arteries. I loko o kēia hoʻokolohua, i kapa ʻia ʻo angiography, komo kahi paipu lōʻihi, lahilahi i kapa ʻia ʻo catheter i loko o kahi artery i kou ʻūhā a i ʻole lima. Ke kahe ka waihoʻoluʻu i hoʻokomo ʻia ma o ka catheter i kou mau arteries intestinal.

ʻO ke kahe ʻana o ka waihoʻoluʻu ma o nā arteries e hōʻike i nā wahi kuʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​pale ʻana ma nā X-rays. Hāʻawi pū ka angiography i kahi kauka lapaʻau e mālama i kahi pale ʻana i kahi artery. Hiki i ke kauka lapaʻau ke wehe i kahi clot, hoʻokomo i ka lāʻau a hoʻohana paha i nā mea hana kūikawā e hoʻonui i kahi artery.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka ischemia o ka ʻōpū e pili ana i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ke kahe koko i ka ʻōnaehana digestive. Hoʻololi nā koho ma muli o ke kumu o ke kūlana a me ka nui o kona ʻino. Ischemia o ka colon Hiki i kāu kauka ke manaʻo aku i nā antibiotics e mālama ai a pale aku paha i nā maʻi. Pono nō hoʻi ke mālama ʻia nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe, e like me ka congestive heart failure a i ʻole ka heartbeat kūpono ʻole. E pono paha ʻoe e haʻalele i ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i kou mau kīʻaha koko. ʻO kēia mau mea e komo pū ai nā lāʻau hormone a me kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mālama ʻana i ka migraine a me nā kūlana o ka naʻau. ʻO ka hapanui o ka manawa, ho'ōla ka ischemia o ka colon ma kona iho. No ka pōʻino nui o ka colon, pono paha ʻoe i ka ʻoki kino e wehe i ka ʻiʻo make. Pono paha ʻoe i ka ʻoki kino e hala i kahi pale ʻana i kekahi o kāu mau arteries intestinal. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka angiography e ʻike i ke kūlana, hiki ke hoʻonui i kahi artery i hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻia i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana. Hoʻohana ka angioplasty i kahi balloon i hoʻonui ʻia ma ka hopena o ka catheter e kaomi i nā waihona momona. Hoʻonui pū ka balloon i ka artery, e hana ana i kahi ala ākea no ke kahe koko. Hiki i kāu kauka ke kau i kahi tube metala springlike, i kapa ʻia ʻo stent, i loko o kāu artery e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana iā ia i wehe. Hiki i kāu kauka ke wehe i kahi clot koko a hoʻoheheʻe paha me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Acute mesenteric artery ischemia Pono paha ʻoe i ka ʻoki kino e wehe i kahi clot koko, e hala i kahi pale ʻana o ka artery, a i ʻole e hoʻoponopono a wehe paha i kahi ʻāpana i hōʻino ʻia o ka ʻōpū. Hiki ke komo pū ka mālama ʻana i nā antibiotics a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pale aku i nā clots, hoʻoheheʻe i nā clots a hoʻonui i nā kīʻaha koko. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka angiography e ʻike i ke kūlana, hiki ke hoʻonui i kahi artery i hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻia a wehe paha i kahi clot koko i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana. Hiki i kāu kauka ke kau i kahi tube metala, i kapa ʻia ʻo stent, e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka artery i hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻia i wehe. Chronic mesenteric artery ischemia ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka mālama ʻana e hoʻihoʻi i ke kahe koko i kou ʻōpū. Hiki i kāu kauka ke hala i nā arteries i pale ʻia a hoʻonui i nā arteries i hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻia me ka angioplasty a i ʻole ma ke kau ʻana i kahi stent i loko o ka artery. Ischemia ma muli o ka mesenteric venous thrombosis Inā ʻaʻohe hōʻino i kou ʻōpū, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe i ka hoʻoponopono. Akā, pono paha ʻoe e lawe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama ai i kou koko mai ka clotting, i kapa ʻia ʻo anticoagulant medicine, no kahi o 3 a 6 mau mahina. Pono paha ʻoe i kahi kaʻina hana e wehe i kahi clot. Inā hōʻike nā ʻāpana o kou ʻōpū i nā hōʻailona o ka pōʻino, pono paha ʻoe i ka ʻoki kino e wehe i ka ʻāpana i hōʻino ʻia. Inā hōʻike nā ho'āʻo iā ʻoe he maʻi blood-clotting, pono paha ʻoe e lawe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo anticoagulants no ke koena o kou ola. Noi i kahi manawa kūpono