He aha ka Melanoma? Nā Hōʻailona, Nā Kumu, & Lapaʻau

ʻO ka melanoma kahi ʻano o ka maʻi ʻili e ulu mai ana i ka wā e ulu kūpono ʻole ai nā melanocytes, nā cell e hana ana i ka pigment ma kou ʻili, a lilo i mea kanesa. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ia he mea maʻamau e like me nā maʻi ʻili ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka melanoma no ka mea hiki ke pālahalaha i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o kou kino inā ʻaʻole i hopu ʻia i ka wā mua.

ʻO ka mea maikaʻi, i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai ka melanoma i kona mau kahua mua, he mea maʻalahi loa ia e mālama me nā helu ola maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā mea e nānā ai a me ka lawe ʻana i nā hana palekana hiki ke hana i ka ʻokoʻa i ka pale ʻana i kou olakino.

He aha ka melanoma?

Hoʻomaka ka melanoma i nā melanocytes, ʻo ia nā cell kūikawā e hana ana i ka melanin, ka pigment e hāʻawi ana i kou ʻili i kona kala. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau cell ma kou ʻili a puni, akā ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka melanoma ma nā wahi i hōʻike ʻia i ka lā.

ʻAʻole like me nā maʻi ʻili ʻē aʻe e noho mau ana ma kahi hoʻokahi, loaʻa i ka melanoma ka hiki ke pālahalaha ma o kou ʻōnaehana lymph a me ke kahe koko i nā ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia ka mea e koʻikoʻi ai ka ʻike mua ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana no ka hopena maikaʻi loa.

Hiki i ka melanoma ke ulu mai kahi mole i loaʻa mua a i ʻole e ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he wahi hou ma kou ʻili. Hiki ke loaʻa ma nā wahi āpau o kou kino, me nā wahi ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka nui o ka lā e like me nā papa o kou mau wāwae, nā pāma o kou mau lima, a i ʻole ma lalo o kou mau kui.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka melanoma?

ʻO ka mea nui loa e nānā ai, ʻo ia kekahi loli ma kou ʻili, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā mole i loaʻa mua a i ʻole nā ​​wahi hou e ʻike ʻia. Ke hoʻouna mau nei kou kino i nā hōʻailona iā ʻoe, a ʻo ka hoʻolohe ʻana i kēia mau loli hiki ke kōkua i ka hopu ʻana i ka melanoma i ka wā mua i ka wā e mālama maikaʻi ʻia ai.

ʻO ke kānāwai ABCDE he ala kōkua ia e hoʻomanaʻo i nā loli e nānā ai:

• Asymmetry: ʻAʻole like kekahi hapa o ka mole me kekahi hapa ʻē aʻe
• Border irregularity: Kūpono ʻole nā ​​lihi, scalloped, a i ʻole i hoʻomaopopo ʻole ʻia
• Color variation: ʻAʻole like ke kala a hiki ke komo i nā ʻano o ka brown, ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula, keʻokeʻo, a i ʻole ka uliuli
• Diameter: ʻOi aku ka nui o ka wahi ma mua o 6 mau milimeter (ma kahi o ka nui o ka mea holoi penikala)
• Evolving: Ke loli nei ka mole i ka nui, ʻano, kala, a i ʻole ka manaʻo

Ma waho aʻe o nā hōʻailona ABCDE, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe e pono ai ka nānā. Hiki i ka mole e ʻūlū, ʻeha, a i ʻole ʻeha ke hopohopo. I kekahi manawa, ke kahe koko nā melanomas, ke kahe wai, a i ʻole ke kūkulu ʻia kahi ʻili ʻili.

I nā hihia kakaikahi, hiki i ka melanoma ke ulu i nā wahi āu e manaʻo ʻole ai. Ma lalo o kou mau kui manamana lima a i ʻole nā ​​kui manamana wāwae, hiki ke ʻike ʻia he kaha ʻeleʻele. Ma nā pālima o kou mau lima a i ʻole nā ​​papa o kou mau wāwae, hiki ke like me kahi wahi ʻeleʻele ʻaʻole e nalowale.

Ke ʻike nei kekahi poʻe i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo amelanotic melanoma, kahi nele i ka pigmentation ʻeleʻele maʻamau. Hiki i kēia mau lesions ke ʻike ʻia he ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, a i ʻole ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻiʻo, e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka ʻike ʻana iā lākou he mau melanomas hiki.

He aha nā ʻano o ka melanoma?

Aia kekahi mau ʻano o ka melanoma, kēlā me kēia me nā ʻano kūikawā. Hiki i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau ʻokoʻa ke kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike i ka mea e nānā ai a me ka mea āu e loiloi ai kāu kauka.

ʻO ka melanoma hoʻolaha superficial ka ʻano maʻamau loa, e pili ana i ka 70% o nā melanomas a pau. Hoʻomaka maʻamau ia ma ke ʻano he pālahalaha pālahalaha a i ʻole kahi ʻāpana kala ʻē aʻe e ulu mālie i waho ma ka ʻili ma mua o ka komo ʻana i ka hohonu.

ʻIke ʻia ka melanoma nodular ma ke ʻano he puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nodule a hoʻomaka e ulu wikiwiki ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻIke pinepine ʻia ia e like me ka ulu paʻa, dome-shaped e hiki ke ʻeleʻele, uliuli, a i ʻole ʻulaʻula i ke kala.

ʻO ka lentigo maligna melanoma ka mea maʻamau e ulu ai i nā mākua kahiko ma ka ʻili i hōʻino ʻia e ka lā, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ka maka, ka ʻāʻī, a i ʻole nā ​​lima. Hoʻomaka pinepine ia ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana nui, pālahalaha, brown e ulu mālie ana i ka nui ma nā mahina a i ʻole nā ​​makahiki.

ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka acral lentiginous melanoma akā he mea nui loa e ʻike ʻia no ka mea e pili ana i nā wahi ʻaʻohe nui o ka lā. Hōʻike ʻia kēia ma nā pā lima, nā pā wāwae, a i ʻole ma lalo o nā kui a ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā kānaka me nā ʻili ʻeleʻele.

Aia nō hoʻi nā ʻano maʻamau ʻole e like me ka amelanotic melanoma, kahi nele i ka pigment a hōʻike ʻia he poni a ʻulaʻula paha, a me ka desmoplastic melanoma, kahi hiki ke like me kahi ʻōpala a hoʻomaka pinepine ʻia i nā wahi i hōʻino ʻia e ka lā o nā mākua kahiko.

He aha ka mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka melanoma?

E ulu ana ka melanoma i ka wā e hōʻino ʻia ai ka DNA i nā melanocytes, e hoʻoulu ai iā lākou e ulu a hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia. ʻOiai ʻaʻole maopopo mau ka mea hoʻonāukiuki pololei, ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi i kekahi mau mea e hoʻopili ai i kēia hōʻino DNA.

ʻO ka radiation ultraviolet mai ka lā ka kumu nui o ka melanoma. Hiki i nā kukuna UVA a me UVB ʻelua ke hōʻino i ka DNA i loko o nā sela ʻili, a hiki ke hōʻiliʻili kēia hōʻino i ka manawa. ʻIke ʻia ka hoʻolaha ikaika, intermittent o ka lā e alakaʻi ai i nā sunburns he mea hōʻino loa.

Hoʻonui nui nā kumu UV hana e like me nā moe tanning i kou pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka melanoma. Hiki i ka radiation UV i hoʻākoakoa ʻia mai kēia mau mea hana ke hoʻoulu i ka ʻano like o ka hōʻino DNA e like me ka lā maoli, akā pinepine ʻoi aku ka ikaika.

Ke pāʻani nei kāu hana genetic i kahi kuleana. Loaʻa i kekahi poʻe nā mutations gene e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea maʻalahi i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka melanoma i ka wā e hōʻike ʻia ai i ka radiation UV. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā moles he nui, ʻoi aku hoʻi nā moles atypical a i ʻole dysplastic, hiki ke hoʻonui i kou pilikia.

ʻO ka ʻili mālie e puhi maʻalahi ʻia kahi kumu pilikia ʻē aʻe no ka mea he melanin pale liʻiliʻi ia. Eia naʻe, hiki i nā kānaka me nā ʻili ʻeleʻele ke loaʻa nō ka melanoma, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā wahi e like me nā pā lima, nā pā wāwae, a me nā moena kui kahi ʻaʻole ka lā ka mea nui.

ʻO ka maʻi ʻili kanesa ma mua, me ka melanoma a me nā maʻi ʻili kanesa ʻole melanoma, e hoʻonui ana i kou pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maʻi ʻili kanesa hou aʻe. Hiki i kahi ʻōnaehana pale kino nāwaliwali, mai nā kūlana lapaʻau a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau lapaʻau, ke hoʻolilo pū iā ʻoe i mea nāwaliwali.

I ka wā e ʻike ai i ke kauka no nā pilikia melanoma?

Pono ʻoe e ʻike i ke kauka inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi mau wahi hou ma kou ʻili a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻololi i nā moles i loaʻa. ʻO ka ʻike mua ʻana kāu pale maikaʻi loa e kūʻē i ka melanoma, a ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā mea lawelawe olakino e ʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona hopohopo e ʻike ʻole paha ʻoe.

Mai kali inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o nā hōʻailona hoʻomaopopo ABCDE i loko o ka mole a i ʻole ka wahi. ʻOiai inā ʻaʻole ʻoe maopopo inā he mea hopohopo kekahi mea, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nānā ʻana e kahi loea e hiki ke loiloi pono.

Hoʻonohonoho i kahi hālāwai inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi wahi i ʻokoʻa mai kāu mau moles ʻē aʻe, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hōʻailona

Eia nā mea pilikia nui e hoʻonui ai i kou manawa e loaʻa ai ka melanoma:

• ʻIli mālie, lauoho māmā, a me nā maka māmā: ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka melanin, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pale kūlohelohe mai ka radiation UV
• Mōʻaukala o nā puhi lā: ʻOi aku ka nui o nā puhi ʻino a i ʻole nā ​​mea i hana ʻia i ka wā kamaliʻi
• Hoʻolaha nui ʻia i ka lā: ʻO nā hoʻolaha mau loa a me nā hoʻolaha ikaika, intermittent
• Hoʻohana ʻana i ka moe moe tanning: Hoʻonui ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka radiation UV artificial i ka pilikia
• Nui nā moles: Loaʻa ma mua o 50 mau moles a i ʻole nā ​​moles atypical
• Mōʻaukala ʻohana: Loaʻa nā hoahānau me ka melanoma a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi ʻili ʻē aʻe
• Mōʻaukala pilikino: Melanoma mua a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi ʻili ʻē aʻe
• Makahiki: Hoʻonui ka pilikia me ka makahiki, ʻoiai hiki ke loaʻa ka melanoma i kēlā me kēia makahiki
• Pōʻino ka ʻōnaehana pale: Mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā kūlana olakino, a i ʻole nā ​​transplant organ

Loaʻa i kekahi poʻe nā kūlana genetic maʻamau e hoʻonui nui ai i ko lākou pilikia melanoma. ʻO kēia mau mea e komo pū ana i ka xeroderma pigmentosum, kahi e hana ai i ka ʻili i maʻalahi loa i ka radiation UV, a me ka familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome.

ʻO ka noho ʻana ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā ​​āina lā e hiki ke hoʻonui i kou hoʻolaha ʻana i ka radiation UV. ʻO nā mea e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā freckles a i ʻole ka hiki ʻole ke tan e hōʻike i ka nui o ka maʻalahi i ka pōʻino UV.

He aha nā pilikia hiki ke loaʻa i ka melanoma?

Ke hopu ʻia i ka wā mua, hiki ke mālama ʻia ka melanoma me nā hopena maikaʻi loa. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā pilikia hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e mahalo i ke kumu o ka ʻike mua ʻana a me ka mālama pono ʻana no kou olakino lōʻihi.

ʻO ka pilikia nui loa ka wā e pālahalaha ai ka melanoma ma mua o ka wahi mua. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana, i kapa ʻia ʻo metastasis, hiki ke hana ma o kāu ʻōnaehana lymphatic a i ʻole ka bloodstream, e ʻae ana i nā cell cancer e hiki i nā ʻāpana mamao.

ʻO nā wahi maʻamau kahi e pālahalaha ai ka melanoma:

• Nā lymph nodes: ʻO ka mea maʻamau kahi mua e pālahalaha ai ka melanoma, pinepine i nā nodes kokoke i ka tumor mua
• Na māmā: Hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka pilikia o ka hanu, ka ʻōhū mau, a i ʻole ka ʻeha umauma
• Ate: Hiki ke alakaʻi i ka ʻeha ʻōpū, ka luhi, a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻololi i ka hana ate
• Lolo: Hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā poʻo ʻeha, nā hopena, a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona neurological
• Iwi: Hiki ke hopena i ka ʻeha, nā haki, a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia pili iwi ʻē aʻe
• Nā wahi ʻili ʻē aʻe: Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā wahi melanoma hou mamao loa mai ka wahi mua

Hiki nō hoʻi ke loaʻa nā pilikia pili i ka mālama ʻana, ʻoiai e ʻokoʻa lākou ma muli o nā mālama kikoʻī āu e loaʻa ai. Hiki i ka ʻoki ke waiho i nā ʻōpala a i ʻole, i nā hihia ākea, e pono ai nā ʻili graft a i ʻole nā ​​kaʻina hana hou.

ʻAʻole pono e nānā ʻia ka hopena manaʻo. Hiki i kahi hōʻailona melanoma ke hoʻoulu i ka hopohopo, ka kaumaha, a i ʻole ka makaʻu e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana. He nui nā kānaka e ʻike i nā hui kākoʻo a i ʻole nā ​​kūkākūkā e kōkua i ka hoʻokele ʻana i kēia mau manaʻo.

I nā hihia kakaikahi, hoʻomohala nā kānaka i nā melanomas nui mua, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻike ʻia nā melanomas hou, pili ʻole i ka manawa. ʻO ia ke kumu e noho mau ai ka nānā mau a me ka pale ʻana i ka ʻili he mea nui ma hope o ka mālama holomua.

Pehea e pale aku ai i ka melanoma?

Hiki ke pale ʻia nā melanoma he nui ma o nā hana palekana lā akamai a me ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻili maʻamau. ʻO ke kī ka pale ʻana iā ʻoe iho mai ka radiation UV ʻoiai e makaʻala ana i nā loli i kou ʻili i ka manawa.

Hoʻokumu ka pale lā i ke kumu o ka pale ʻana i ka melanoma. E hoʻohana i ka sunscreen ākea-spectrum me ka liʻiliʻi o SPF 30 i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻaʻole wale i nā huakaʻi kahakai. E hoʻopili nui a e hoʻopili hou i kēlā me kēia hola ʻelua a ma hope o ka ʻauʻau a i ʻole ka hou.

E huli i ka malu i nā hola kiʻekiʻe o ka UV, ma waena o ka hola 10 AM a me 4 PM. I kou wā ma waho, e kāhiko i nā kapa pale e komo pū ana i nā pāpale ākea, nā pālule lima lōʻihi, a me nā aniani e pale ai i nā kukuna UV.

E pale loa i nā moe tanning. ʻAʻohe nui o ka hōʻike UV hana i manaʻo ʻia he palekana, a piʻi nui ka pilikia o ka melanoma me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā moe tanning, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka wā ʻōpio.

E hana i nā nānā ʻili ponoʻī ma kēlā me kēia mahina. E hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kou mau moles a me nā kiko i hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā loli. E hoʻohana i ke aniani a i ʻole e noi i kahi hoa e kōkua i ka nānā ʻana i nā wahi i ʻike ʻole ʻia e ʻoe.

E noʻonoʻo i nā nānā ʻili ʻoihana, ʻoi aku inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā mea pilikia e like me ka ʻili mālie, nā moles he nui, a i ʻole ka mōʻaukala ʻohana o ka maʻi kanesa ʻili. Hiki i kāu dermatologist ke ʻōlelo aku i kahi papa hana nānā kūpono ma muli o kāu pilikia pilikino.

E pale pono i ka ʻili o nā keiki ʻoiai ka hōʻike lā o ke kamaliʻi a me nā puhi e hoʻonui nui i ka pilikia o ka melanoma ma hope. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻili o nā keiki, a hiki ke mau loa ka maikaʻi o nā maʻamau palekana lā i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka wā ʻōpio.

Pehea ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka melanoma?

Hoʻomaka maʻamau ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka melanoma me ka nānā ʻana i kou ʻili e kahi mea lawelawe olakino. E nānā lākou i ka wahi pilikia a e nānā i kou ʻili āpau e nānā i nā wahi kānalua ʻē aʻe.

Inā he wahi kānalua, e hana paha kāu kauka i kahi biopsy. ʻO kēia ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻāpana a pau a i ʻole kahi hapa o ka ʻiʻo kānalua i hiki ke nānā ʻia ma lalo o ka microscope e kahi loea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pathologist.

Aia nā ʻano like ʻole o nā biopsies ma muli o ka nui a me ka wahi o ka wahi. Hoʻoneʻe ka biopsy excisional i ka lesion āpau me kahi lihi liʻiliʻi o ka ʻili maʻamau. Hoʻohana ka biopsy punch i kahi mea hana pōʻai e wehe i kahi laʻana liʻiliʻi a hohonu o ka ʻiʻo.

Ke nānā nei ka loea pathology i ka hāpana pūnaewele e hoʻoholo ai inā aia nā cell kanesa, a inā pēlā, he aha ke ʻano o ka melanoma. Ke ana pū nei lākou i ka hohonu o ka ulu ʻana o ka melanoma, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hohonu Breslow a kōkua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kahua.

Inā hōʻoia ʻia ka melanoma, pono paha nā hoʻokolohua hou aku e hoʻoholo ai inā ua pālahalaha. Hiki i kēia ke komo i nā haʻawina kiʻi e like me nā CT scan, MRI, a i ʻole PET scan, ma muli o nā ʻano o kāu melanoma kikoʻī.

Hiki i kāu kauka ke nānā pū i nā lymph node kokoke, ma ke ʻano paha o ka ʻike ʻana iā lākou i ka wā o ka nānā ʻana a i ʻole ma o kahi kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ʻo sentinel lymph node biopsy. Kōkua kēia e hoʻoholo ai inā ua hoʻomaka ka kanesa e pālahalaha ma mua o ka wahi mua.

ʻO kekahi mau ʻenehana holomua e like me ka dermoscopy e hiki ai i nā kauka ke nānā i nā lesions ʻili me ka hoʻonui a me ka kukui kūikawā. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka biopsy wale nō ke ala maopopo e ʻike ai i ka melanoma.

He aha ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka melanoma?

Ke hilinaʻi nei ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka melanoma i nā mea he nui, me ke kahua, kahi, a me kou olakino holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo maikaʻi, nui nā lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa, a maikaʻi loa nā hopena i ka wā e hopu koke ʻia ai ka melanoma.

ʻO ka ʻoki kino ka lāʻau lapaʻau nui no ka hapa nui o nā melanomas. No nā melanomas i ka wā mua, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka tumor me kahi margin o ka pūnaewele olakino a puni ia ma ka wide local excision. Kōkua kēia e hōʻoia i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻana o nā cell kanesa a pau.

Ke hilinaʻi nei ka nui o ka margin i ka mānoanoa o ka melanoma. Pono nā melanomas lahilahi i nā margins liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai nā mea mānoanoa e pono ai nā margins ākea e hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka waiho ʻana i nā cell kanesa.

No nā melanomas i pālahalaha paha i nā lymph nodes kokoke, hiki i kāu kauka ʻoki ke ʻōlelo aku i ka sentinel lymph node biopsy. Hoʻomaopopo a hoʻoneʻe kēia kaʻina hana i nā lymph nodes mua e hoʻokahe i ka wahi i loaʻa ai ka melanoma.

ʻO nā melanoma holomua paha e pono ai nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou aku ma mua o ka ʻoki kino. Kūkulu ka immunotherapy i kou ʻōnaehana pale e ʻike a hakakā i nā cell kanesa. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui kēia mau lāʻau i nā hopena no nā kānaka me ka melanoma holomua.

Hoʻohana ka lāʻau lapaʻau kikoʻī i nā lāʻau e hoʻouka i nā mutations genetic kikoʻī i loaʻa i kekahi mau melanoma. Inā loaʻa i kāu melanoma kekahi mau mutations e like me BRAF a i ʻole MEK, hiki i kēia mau lāʻau kikoʻī ke loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi loa.

Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ka radiation therapy ma nā kūlana kikoʻī, e like me ma hope o ka ʻoki kino e hoʻemi i ka pilikia o ka hoʻi hou ʻana a i ʻole e mālama i ka melanoma i pālahalaha i nā wahi ʻē aʻe.

Hāʻawi nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau i ka komo ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou ʻaʻole i loaʻa nui. Hiki i kāu oncologist ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻoholo inā he pono ke komo ʻana i kahi hoʻokolohua no kāu kūlana kikoʻī.

Pehea e mālama ai i ka melanoma ma ka home i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana?

ʻOiai he mea nui ka mālama lapaʻau, nui nā mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana ma ka home e kākoʻo i kou hoʻōla a me kou olakino maikaʻi holoʻokoʻa i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana i ka melanoma. Hiki i ka lawe ʻana i kahi kuleana hana i kāu mālama ʻana ke kōkua iā ʻoe e manaʻo hou aku i ka mana a hoʻomaikaʻi paha i kāu mau hopena.

Ma hope o ka ʻoki kino, hahai pono i nā ʻōlelo aʻo mālama ʻeha o kāu kauka. E mālama i ka wahi ʻoki kino i maʻemaʻe a maloʻo, e hoʻololi i nā kapa e like me ke kuhikuhi ʻia, a e nānā i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi e like me ka ʻulaʻula nui, ka mahana, a i ʻole ka wai.

E pale aku i kou ʻili me ka makaʻala nui ma mua o ka wā ma mua. E hoʻohana i ka sunscreen i kēlā me kēia lā, e komo i nā kapa pale, a e pale i nā hola o ka lā nui. Hiki ke ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o kou ʻili i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, e hoʻolilo ana i ka pale ʻana i ka lā i mea nui loa.

E mālama i kahi ola olakino e kākoʻo i kou ʻōnaehana pale. E ʻai i ka ʻai kaulike piha i nā hua a me nā huaʻai, e noho wai, a e loaʻa ka hiamoe lawa. Kūkulu kēia mau mea kumu i kou kino e hoʻōla a kūpaʻa i ka mālama ʻana.

E mālama i ke kino ikaika e like me kou ikehu. Hiki i ka hoʻoikaika māmā e like me ka hele wāwae ke kōkua i ka ho'ēmi 'ana i ka luhi, ka ho'omaika'i 'ana i ka mana'o, a me ka mālama 'ana i ka ikaika i ka wā o ka mālama 'ana. E nīnau mau i kāu hui olakino e pili ana i nā pae hana kūpono.

E nānā mau i kou 'ili a hōʻike koke i kekahi mau wahi hou a i 'ole e loli ana i kāu hui olakino. E mālama i kahi moʻolelo 'ili a lawe paha i nā kiʻi e hahai i nā loli ma mua o ka manawa.

E hoʻokele i nā hopena maikaʻi. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka immunotherapy a i ʻole nā ​​mālama ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe, e hana pū me kāu hui olakino e hoʻoponopono i nā hopena maikaʻi e like me ka luhi, nā hopena ʻili, a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia digestive.

E noʻonoʻo e hui pū me nā hui kākoʻo a i ʻole e hoʻopili me nā mea ola melanoma ʻē aʻe. Hiki i ka kaʻana like ʻana i nā ʻike a me nā hoʻolālā hoʻoponopono ke hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo manaʻo a me nā ʻōlelo aʻo kūpono i kou huakaʻi.

Pehea ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau ai no kāu kūkā kauka?

Ke hoʻomākaukau nei no kāu kūkā e kōkua i ka hōʻoia ʻana e loaʻa iā ʻoe ka hapa nui o kou manawa me kāu mea hoʻolako olakino. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana e ʻae i nā kūkākūkā hua i kāu mau hopohopo a me nā koho mālama.

E kākau i kāu mau nīnau a pau ma mua o ke kūkā. E hoʻokomo i nā hopohopo e pili ana i nā hōʻailona, ​​nā koho mālama, nā hopena maikaʻi, a me ka mea e manaʻo ai. Mai hopohopo e pili ana i ka nui o nā nīnau - makemake kāu hui olakino e hoʻoponopono i kāu mau hopohopo.

E lawe mai i ka papa inoa piha o kāu mau lāʻau lapaʻau, me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma luna o ka counter, a me nā mea hoʻohui. E hoʻomaopopo pū i nā allergies a i ʻole nā ​​hopena maikaʻi ʻole āu i loaʻa ai i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ka wā ma mua.

E hōʻiliʻili i kāu moʻolelo olakino, me nā kanesa ʻili ma mua, nā biopsies, a i ʻole nā ​​mālama. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā moʻolelo olakino mai nā mea hoʻolako ʻē aʻe, e lawe mai i nā kope a hoʻonohonoho paha iā lākou e hoʻouna ʻia i kāu kauka i kēia manawa.

E palapala i nā loli ʻili āu i ʻike ai. E lawe i nā kiʻi o nā wahi pilikia inā hiki, a e hoʻomaopopo i ka wā āu i ʻike mua ai i nā loli a pehea lākou i ulu ai i ka manawa.

E noʻonoʻo e lawe mai i kahi hoaaloha a i ʻole hoa ʻohana hilinaʻi i ka ʻaha kūkā. Hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo manaʻo, ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo i ka ʻike i kūkākūkā ʻia, a ke kōkua i ka nīnau ʻana i nā nīnau āu e poina ai.

E hoʻomākaukau e kūkākūkā i ka mōʻaukala o kou ʻohana i ka maʻi kanesa, ʻoiai nā maʻi kanesa ʻili. Hiki i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā hoahānau i loaʻa i ka melanoma a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi kanesa ʻē aʻe ke pili i kāu mālama.

E noʻonoʻo i kou mau pahuhopu a me kou makemake no ka mālama ʻana. E noʻonoʻo i nā mea e like me kou ola, ke kūlana hana, a me nā waiwai pilikino e hiki ke hoʻopili i nā hoʻoholo mālama.

He aha ka mea nui e lawe aku e pili ana i ka melanoma?

ʻO ka mea nui loa e hoʻomanaʻo e pili ana i ka melanoma, ʻo ia ka ʻike mua e hoʻopakele ola. I ka wā i hopu ʻia ai i kona mau kahua mua loa, loaʻa i ka melanoma nā helu ho'ōla maikaʻi loa, pinepine e kokoke ana i ka 99% me ka mālama kūpono.

ʻO ka pale ʻana ma o ka pale ʻana i ka lā a me ka nānā mau ʻana i ka ʻili e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i nā mea hana ikaika e hoʻemi i kou pilikia a hopu i nā pilikia i ka wā mua. Hiki i nā hana maʻalahi e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sunscreen i kēlā me kēia lā, ka pale ʻana i nā moe tanning, a me ka nānā ʻana iā ʻoe iho i kēlā me kēia mahina ke hana i kahi ʻokoʻa nui.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka melanoma, e hoʻomanaʻo ua holomua nui nā mālama i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. ʻOiai nā melanomas holomua e loaʻa ana i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i hoʻokahi makahiki wale nō i hala aku nei, loaʻa iā lākou nā koho mālama maikaʻi e hiki ke hāʻawi i ka manaʻo maikaʻi lōʻihi.

E hilinaʻi i kou mau manaʻo e pili ana i nā loli o ka ʻili. Inā ʻike ʻia kekahi mea ʻokoʻa a pilikia paha iā ʻoe, mai kānalua e loiloi ʻia e kahi mea lawelawe olakino. ʻO ʻoe ke ʻike maikaʻi loa i kou kino, a he waiwai kāu mau nānā.

E noho pili me kāu hui olakino a hahai i kā lākou mau ʻōlelo aʻo no ka nānā mau ʻana. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka melanoma he lōʻihi ke ola, akā ʻo kēia mālama mau e kōkua i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hopu ʻia ʻana o nā hoʻomohala hou i ka wā mua loa.

Nā nīnau pinepine e pili ana i ka melanoma

Hiki i ka melanoma ke ʻike ʻia i nā wahi ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka lā?

ʻAe, hiki i ka melanoma ke ulu ma nā wahi a pau o kou kino, me nā wahi i ʻike iki ʻia i ka lā. Hōʻike ʻia ka melanoma lentiginous acral ma nā pā lima, nā pā wāwae, a ma lalo o nā kui. Hiki i nā melanomas mucosal ke loaʻa ma ka waha, ihu, a i ʻole nā ​​wahi genital. ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi ka nui o kēia mau ʻano, he mea nui ia e hoʻomaopopo no ka mea ʻaʻole paha lākou e pili ana i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka lā a hiki ke paʻakikī ke ʻike mua.

He ʻeleʻele mau anei ka melanoma?

ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole mau ke ʻano ʻeleʻele o ka melanoma. ʻAʻohe pigment o nā melanomas amelanotic a hiki ke ʻano poni, ʻulaʻula, a i ʻole ke kala o ka ʻiʻo. Hiki i kēia mau melanomas ʻaʻohe pigment ke paʻakikī loa ke ʻike no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e like me nā ʻeha ʻeleʻele maʻamau i manaʻo ʻia e nā kānaka. Pono ke nānā ʻana o ke kauka i kēlā me kēia wahi hou, loli, a i ʻole ʻano ʻē aʻe, me ka nānā ʻole i kona kala.

Pehea ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka melanoma?

Hoʻololi nui ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka melanoma ma muli o ke ʻano a me nā kumu pilikino. ulu mālie kekahi mau melanomas i nā mahina a i ʻole nā ​​makahiki, ʻoiai hiki i nā mea ʻē aʻe ke loli wikiwiki i loko o nā hebedoma. Hoʻomaka wikiwiki nā melanomas nodular ma mua o nā ʻano hoʻolaha ʻili. ʻO kēia ʻano loli ke kumu e pono ai ke loiloi koke ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻeha ʻili e loli ana ma mua o ka kali ʻana e ʻike pehea e ulu ai.

Hiki i nā keiki ke loaʻa i ka melanoma?

ʻOiai he mea maʻamau ʻole ka melanoma i nā keiki, hiki ke loaʻa, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā ʻōpio. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka melanoma o ke kamaliʻi i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa ma mua o ka melanoma o ka pākeke a ʻaʻole paha e hahai i nā lula ABCDE maʻamau. I nā keiki, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poni a i ʻole ʻulaʻula o nā melanomas ma mua o ka brown a i ʻole ʻeleʻele. Pono ke loiloi ʻia e ka mea mālama ola kekahi mole hou a i ʻole loli i loko o ke keiki, ʻoi aku inā he mōʻaukala ʻohana o ka melanoma.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka melanoma a me nā maʻi ʻili ʻē aʻe?

Hoʻomohala ʻia ka melanoma mai nā melanocytes (nā cell pigment) a ʻoi aku ka nui o kona hiki ke pālahalaha i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka maʻi ʻili. ʻO nā basal cell a me nā squamous cell carcinomas, nā ʻano nui ʻē aʻe o ka maʻi ʻili, maʻamau lākou e noho kūloko a liʻiliʻi wale nō ka metastasize. ʻOiai pono ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi ʻili āpau, manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka melanoma he mea koʻikoʻi loa ma muli o kona hiki ke pālahalaha, no laila he mea nui loa ka ʻike mua ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana.