He aha ka Syndroma Metabola? Nā Hōʻailona, Nā Kumu, & Lapaʻau

ʻO ka syndroma metabola kahi hui o nā kūlana olakino e hele pū mai ana, e hoʻonui ana i kou pilikia o ka maʻi naʻau, ka hahau ʻana, a me ka maʻi diabetes type 2. E noʻonoʻo iā ia ma ke ʻano he ala o kou kino e hōʻike mai ai ʻaʻole hana maikaʻi nā ʻōnaehana nui he nui e like me ka mea e pono ai.

Hoʻopili kēia kūlana i kahi 1 i 3 mau mākua ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻOiai paha e lohe ʻia kēlā he mea hopohopo, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo maikaʻi, ʻo ka syndroma metabola kahi mea hiki ke hoʻokele nui ʻia a hoʻihoʻi pinepine ʻia me ke ala kūpono i nā loli o ke ola a me ka mālama lapaʻau.

He aha ka Syndroma Metabola?

Hana ʻia ka syndroma metabola i ka wā e loaʻa ai iā ʻoe ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻekolu o nā māka olakino kūikawā ʻelima i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Loaʻa kēia mau māka i ke koko kiʻekiʻe, ke kō koko kiʻekiʻe, ka momona ʻōpū nui, a me nā pae cholesterol kūpono ʻole.

E nānā kāu mea lawelawe olakino i kēia mau ana i hui pū ʻia ma mua o nā pilikia kaʻawale. Ke hui pū kēia mau kūlana, hana lākou i kahi pilikia olakino nui aʻe ma mua o kekahi kūlana hoʻokahi ma luna o ia iho.

ʻAʻole hana ka syndroma i nā hōʻailona maopopo i ka hapa nui o nā kānaka, ʻo ia ke kumu e lilo ai nā nānā maʻamau me kāu kauka i mea nui loa. Loaʻa i ka nui o nā kānaka he syndroma metabola lākou i ka wā o ka hana koko maʻamau a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻokolokolo kino.

He aha nā Hōʻailona o ka Syndroma Metabola?

ʻAʻole ʻike ka hapa nui o nā kānaka me ka syndroma metabola i nā hōʻailona i ʻike ʻia i nā wā mua. Hoʻololi pinepine kou kino i kēia mau loli me ka mālie, e hana ana iā lākou i mea paʻakikī ke ʻike me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokolokolo lapaʻau.

Eia naʻe, hiki i kekahi poʻe ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona liʻiliʻi e ʻokoʻa ana kekahi mea:

• Makemake nui ka makewai a me ka pinepine ʻana o ka mimi, ʻoi aku inā kiʻekiʻe nā pae kō koko
• Luhi a manaʻo luhi pinepine ma mua o ka maʻamau
• Paʻakikī ke nalowale i ke kaumaha, ʻoi aku ma ka waenakonu o ke kino
• ʻEleʻele nā ​​ʻili ʻili, maʻamau ma ka ʻāʻī, nā ʻaoʻao, a i ʻole nā ​​wahi ʻūhā
• Manaʻo ʻoi aku ka pōloli ma mua o ka maʻamau a i ʻole ka makemake i nā meaʻai ʻono

Hiki ke maʻalahi ke hoʻohemo a i ʻole ke kau i ka pilikia, ka ʻelemakule, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano ola pōkole. ʻO ia ke kumu e lilo ai nā nānā ola kino maʻamau i kāu mea hana maikaʻi loa no ka ʻike mua ʻana a me ka pale ʻana.

He aha ka mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka Metabolic Syndrome?

Hoʻomohala ʻia ka metabolic syndrome i ka wā e kūʻē ai kou kino i ka insulin, kahi hormone e kōkua ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kō koko. Hoʻomaka kēia kūʻē insulin i kahi kaula hana e hoʻopilikia i nā ʻōnaehana kino he nui.

Hui pū kekahi mau mea e hana i kēia kūlana, a ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana iā lākou e kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike i ke kumu e hana maikaʻi ai kahi ala hoʻoponopono piha no ka mālama ʻana:

• Kūʻē insulin, kahi e pane pono ʻole ai kāu mau sela i nā hōʻailona insulin
• Hoʻāla mau ka mumū i loko o kou kino, i hoʻoulu pinepine ʻia e ke kaumaha nui a i ʻole ka ʻai maikaʻi ʻole
• Nā kumu genetic e hoʻolilo ai i kekahi poʻe i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi i nā pilikia metabolic
• Nā loli hormonal, ʻoi aku ka pili i ke kaumaha a i ʻole ka ʻelemakule
• Nā ʻano hiamoe maikaʻi ʻole e hoʻopilikia i nā kaʻina hana metabolic kūlohelohe o kou kino

Hoʻomohala pinepine ʻia ke kaʻina hana i nā makahiki he nui. Hoʻoponopono mua kou kino i kēia mau loli, akā i ka hopena, e piha nā ʻōnaehana a ʻike ʻia ka syndrome ma o nā hoʻokolohua labo a me nā ana kino.

I ka wā e ʻike ai i ke Kauka no ka Metabolic Syndrome?

Pono ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho i kahi hālāwai me kāu mea lawelawe ola kino inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā manaʻo e pili ana i kou olakino metabolic a i ʻike paha ʻoe i kekahi mau hōʻailona hōʻailona. ʻO ka hoʻoponopono mua ka mea nui loa i nā hopena.

E noonoo e ʻike i kāu kauka ma mua o ka hala ʻana inā loaʻa iā ʻoe:

• Ke kaumaha kino i wehe ʻole ʻia, ʻoi aku hoʻi a puni kou pūhaka
• Ka luhi mau loa ʻaʻole e hoʻomaikaʻi me ka hoʻomaha
• Ke ʻona nui a me ka urination
• Mōʻaukala ʻohana o ka maʻi diabetes, maʻi naʻau, a i ʻole ka hahau
• Nā helu koko kiʻekiʻe i ka wā o ka nānā ʻana i ka home

Hiki i kāu kauka ke holo i nā hoʻokolohua koko maʻalahi a lawe i nā ana e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kahi kiʻi maopopo o kou olakino metabolic. He pololei kēia mau hoʻokolohua a hiki ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike waiwai no ka hana ʻana i kahi papahana pale a i ʻole lapaʻau.

He aha nā kumu pilikia no ka Metabolic Syndrome?

Ke hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kāu mau kumu pilikia e kōkua iā ʻoe e hana i nā hoʻoholo naʻauao e pili ana i kou olakino a hāʻawi iā ʻoe i nā wahi kūikawā e kau i ka manaʻo no ka pale ʻana. ʻO kekahi mau mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopilikia, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe he ʻāpana wale nō ia o kāu ʻano olakino pilikino.

ʻO nā kumu pilikia hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi i ka:

• Ke kaumaha nui, ʻoi aku ka momona i mālama ʻia a puni kou pūhaka a me kou ʻōpū
• ʻO ke ola noho ʻole me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana kino maʻamau
• ʻAi nui i nā meaʻai i hana ʻia, nā kō i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, a me nā momona maikaʻi ʻole
• Ke kaumaha mau loa e alakaʻi ana i nā pae cortisol kiʻekiʻe
• ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka hiamoe maikaʻi ʻole a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻana ma lalo o 7 mau hola i ka pō maʻamau
• ʻO ka puhipaka, ka mea e hoʻopilikia ai i ka holo koko a me ka maʻi insulin

ʻO nā kumu pilikia ma waho o kou manaʻo e komo pū:

• ʻO ka makahiki ma luna o 40, i ka wā e lilo ai nā loli metabolic i mea maʻamau
• Mōʻaukala ʻohana o ka maʻi diabetes type 2, maʻi naʻau, a i ʻole ka metabolic syndrome
• ʻO ka lāhui, me nā helu kiʻekiʻe i nā poʻe Hispanic, Native American, a me nā poʻe ʻAsia
• Mōʻaukala o ka maʻi gestational diabetes i ka wā hāpai
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) i nā wāhine

ʻAʻole manaʻo ia inā loaʻa nā mea pilikia, e loaʻa maoli nō ʻoe i ka maʻi metabolic. Akā, e noʻonoʻo iā lākou ma ke ʻano he ʻike kōkua e hiki ke alakaʻi i kāu mau hoʻoholo ola kino a me ka papa hana nānā me kāu kauka.

He aha nā pilikia hiki ke loaʻa mai ka maʻi Metabolic?

Hoʻonui ka maʻi metabolic i kou pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kūlana olakino ʻoi aku ka nui ma hope aku. Hiki i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau pilikia hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā loli maikaʻi ʻoiai e pale aku i ka hopohopo pono ʻole e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

ʻO nā pilikia maʻamau loa e komo pū ana:

• Ka maʻi diabetes type 2, kahi e ulu ai ke kaohi ʻia ʻole ka kō koko
• Ka maʻi naʻau, me ka maʻi coronary artery a me nā maʻi naʻau
• Ka hahau, ʻoi aku hoʻi nā mea i hana ʻia e nā clots koko a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻāpana i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia
• Ka maʻi ate momona, kahi e hōʻiliʻili ai ka momona i loko o nā sela ate
• Ka maʻi puʻupaʻa, ʻoiai ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko a me ka maʻi diabetes e hoʻopilikia i ka hana o ka puʻupaʻa

ʻO nā pilikia ʻaʻole maʻamau akā hiki ke loaʻa:

• Sleep apnea, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻonui i nā pilikia metabolic
• Kekahi mau ʻano o ka maʻi kanesa, ʻoi aku ka maʻi kanesa colorectal a me ka umauma
• Ka emi ʻana o ka noʻonoʻo a i ʻole ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka pilikia o ka maʻi dementia
• Nā pilikia hānau keiki i nā kāne a me nā wāhine

ʻO ka lono hauʻoli, ʻo ka hoʻokele pono ʻana i ka maʻi metabolic hiki ke hoʻemi nui i kou pilikia o kēia mau pilikia. He nui nā kānaka i pale aku a hoʻopaneʻe paha i kēia mau kūlana ma o nā loli ola kino a me ka mālama lapaʻau kūpono.

Pehea e hiki ai ke pale ʻia ka maʻi Metabolic?

ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi metabolic e kau nui ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻamau ola kino olakino e kākoʻo i nā kaʻina hana metabolic kūlohelohe o kou kino. ʻO nā ala like e pale aku ai i ke kūlana e kōkua pū kekahi i ka mālama ʻana inā ua ulu mua.

ʻO nā hana pale nui e komo pū ana:

• Mālama i ka kaumaha olakino ma o ka ʻai kaulike a me ka hana mau
• Hoʻokomo i ka liʻiliʻi o 150 mau minuke o ka hoʻoikaika kino waena i kēlā me kēia pule
• Hahai i ka ʻai waiwai i nā meaʻai holoʻokoʻa, nā huaʻai, nā protein liʻiliʻi, a me nā momona olakino
• Hoʻokele i ke kaumaha ma o nā ʻano hoʻomaha, nā leʻaleʻa, a i ʻole ke kūkākūkā
• Loaʻa i nā hola moe maikaʻi 7-9 i kēlā me kēia pō
• Pale i ka puhipaka a kaupalena i ka inu waiʻona
• Loaʻa nā nānā maʻamau e nānā i ke koko koko, ka cholesterol, a me ke kō koko

ʻO nā loli liʻiliʻi, mau pinepine e hana maikaʻi ma mua o nā hoʻololi nui. E nānā i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha wahi i ka manawa, a kūkulu i nā maʻamau kūpaʻa e kūpono i kāu hana i kēlā me kēia lā.

Pehea ka Hōʻike ʻia ʻana o ka Metabolic Syndrome?

ʻO ka hōʻike ʻana i ka metabolic syndrome e pili ana i ke ana ʻana i nā hōʻailona olakino kūikawā a me ka nānā ʻana inā ua hoʻokō ʻoe i kekahi mau kūlana. E hoʻohana pinepine kāu kauka i nā kuhikuhi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā hui lapaʻau nui e hana i ka hōʻike.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana hōʻike e komo pū ana i kēia mau ana:

• Ka nui o ka pūhaka (ma luna o 40 iniha no nā kāne, ma luna o 35 iniha no nā wāhine)
• Ke koko koko (130/85 mmHg a ʻoi aku paha)
• Ke kō koko wikiwiki (100 mg/dL a ʻoi aku paha)
• HDL cholesterol (ma lalo o 40 mg/dL no nā kāne, ma lalo o 50 mg/dL no nā wāhine)
• Triglycerides (150 mg/dL a ʻoi aku paha)

E hōʻike ʻia ʻoe me ka metabolic syndrome inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ʻekolu a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau kūlana ʻelima. He pololei ke kaʻina hana hoʻokolohua a koi pinepine i ka huki koko maʻalahi ma hope o ka hoʻokē ʻana no 8-12 mau hola.

Hiki i kāu kauka ke kauoha i nā hoʻokolohua hou aku e kiʻi i kahi kiʻi piha o kou olakino metabolic. Hiki i kēia ke komo pū me ka hoʻokolohua hoʻomanawanui glucose, nā hoʻokolohua hana ate, a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona inflammatory e kōkua i ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā hoʻoholo mālama.

He aha ka Lapaʻau no ka Metabolic Syndrome?

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi metabolic e kau nui ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pale ʻana o ka insulin a me ka mālama ʻana i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ka maʻi. E hana pū kāu hui olakino me ʻoe e hana i kahi hoʻolālā piha e kūpono i kou mau pono kūikawā a me nā kūlana.

ʻO nā hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o ke ola ke kumu o ka mālama ʻana:

• Hiki i ka emi ʻana o ke kaumaha o 5-10% o ke kaumaha o kou kino ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui
• Ka hana kino maʻamau, me ka hoʻoikaika kino aerobic a me ka hoʻoikaika kino
• Nā hoʻololi i ka ʻai e kau nui ana i nā meaʻai holoʻokoʻa a me ka palena ʻana i nā meaʻai i hana ʻia
• Nā ʻano hoʻokele kaumaha e like me ka noʻonoʻo, yoga, a i ʻole ke kūkākūkā
• Nā hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mālama moe e hōʻoia i ka hoʻomaha maikaʻi

Hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻoponopono i nā ʻāpana kikoʻī:

• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau koko kiʻekiʻe inā ʻaʻole lawa nā hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o ke ola
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka cholesterol, ʻoiai nā statins, no ka mālama ʻana i ka lipid
• Metformin a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi diabetes no ka kaohi ʻana i ke kō koko
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻemi i ke kaumaha i kekahi mau hihia

E pilikino ʻia kāu hoʻolālā mālama ma muli o kāu mau mea pilikia kikoʻī, nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe, a me ka pane i nā hana mua. Kūpono nā hālāwai kūkākūkā ma hope e nānā i ka holomua a hoʻoponopono i nā mālama e like me ka pono.

Pehea e lawe ai i ka mālama home i ka wā o ka maʻi metabolic?

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi metabolic ma ka home e pili ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā maʻamau o kēlā me kēia lā e kākoʻo i kou olakino metabolic. ʻO ke kī ka hana ʻana i nā hoʻololi e manaʻo ʻia e hiki ke mālama ʻia a hiki ke lilo i ʻāpana o kāu hana maʻamau.

ʻO nā hoʻolālā hānai o kēlā me kēia lā e komo pū ana me:

• ʻAi mau i nā meaʻai e mālama ai i ka pae kō koko paʻa
• Koho i nā kalapona paʻakikī ma mua o nā kō hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka palaoa keʻokeʻo
• Hoʻokomo i ka protein me kēlā me kēia meaʻai e kōkua ai i ka māʻona a me ka kaohi kō koko
• Hoʻohui i nā momona olakino e like me kaʻaila ʻoliva, nā nati, a me nā ʻāvokādo i kāu meaʻai
• Mālama i ka wai me ka wai ma mua o nā mea inu kō

Hiki ke maʻalahi a maikaʻi hoʻi ka hana kino ma ka home:

• Hele wāwae ma hope o nā meaʻai e kōkua ai i ka kaohi kō koko
• Hoʻohana i nā alapiʻi ma mua o nā elevators i ka hiki
• Hana i nā hana kino kaumaha e like me nā squats, push-ups, a i ʻole nā planks
• E ho'āʻo i nā wikiō hana kino pūnaewele a i ʻole nā polokalamu kūpono
• Kūmālama māla, hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a i ʻole nā hana home hana ʻē aʻe

Ke kōkua nei ka nānā ʻana i kou holomua iā ʻoe e noho hoʻoikaika a hāʻawi i ka ʻike waiwai no kāu hui mālama ola. E noʻonoʻo e hahai i kou kaumaha, ke koko koko (inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi mīkini nānā home), a me kou manaʻo i ka ikehu i kēlā me kēia lā.

Pehea ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau ai no kāu hālāwai me ke kauka?

Ke kōkua nei ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no kāu hālāwai e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻoe e loaʻa ka waiwai nui loa mai kou manawa me kāu mea hāʻawi mālama ola. ʻO ka hele ʻana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana me nā nīnau a me ka ʻike e hana i ka kipa ʻoi aku ka hua no ʻoukou ʻelua.

Ma mua o kāu hālāwai, e hōʻiliʻili i kēia ʻike:

• Papa inoa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau a pau, nā mea hoʻohui, a me nā wikamina āu e lawe nei
• Mōʻaukala ʻohana o ka maʻi diabetes, ka maʻi naʻau, a me nā kūlana metabolic ʻē aʻe
• Nā hōʻailona hou a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻololi i kou manaʻo
• Nā nīnau e pili ana i kāu ʻike, nā koho mālama, a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻololi nohona
• ʻIke e pili ana i kāu meaʻai, nā hana hoʻoikaika kino, a me nā ʻano hiamoe

E noʻonoʻo e mālama i kahi moʻolelo meaʻai a me ka hana maʻalahi no hoʻokahi pule ma mua o kāu kipa. Hāʻawi kēia i kāu kauka i ka ʻike kūikawā e pili ana i kāu mau hana i kēia manawa a kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i nā wahi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai.

Mai kānalua e lawe mai i kekahi lālā o ka ʻohana a i ʻole hoaaloha no ke kākoʻo, ʻoi aku inā manaʻo ʻoe ua kaumaha nui ʻia ʻoe e ka ʻike maʻi a i ʻole nā koho lapaʻau. Hiki i ke kōkua ʻana o kekahi e hoʻolohe iā ʻoe ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo i ka ʻike nui i kūkākūkā ʻia i ka wā o ka hālāwai.

He aha ka mea nui loa e pili ana i ka maʻi Metabolic Syndrome?

He maʻi hiki ke hoʻokele ʻia ka maʻi Metabolic Syndrome e pane maikaʻi ana i nā loli o ke ola a me ka mālama lapaʻau kūpono. ʻOiai paha e manaʻo ʻia ana ka ʻike maʻi he mea kaumaha loa i ka hoʻomaka, nui nā kānaka i holomua maikaʻi i ko lākou olakino a hoʻemi i ko lākou pilikia o nā pilikia.

ʻO ka mea nui loa e hoʻomanaʻo ai, ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi, nā loli mau loa e hiki ke hana i kahi ʻokoʻa nui ma hope o kekahi manawa. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻololi i kou ola holoʻokoʻa i ka pō. Ma kahi o ia mea, e nānā i ka hana ʻana i nā hoʻomaikaʻi mau loa e hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka lōʻihi.

ʻO ka hana pili loa me kāu hui olakino e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka manawa kūpono loa o ka holomua. Hiki iā lākou ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hana i kahi hoʻolālā pilikino, e nānā i kou holomua, a hoʻoponopono i nā lapaʻau e like me ka pono e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻokō i kou mau pahuhopu olakino.

Nā Nīnau Pinepine e pili ana i ka maʻi Metabolic Syndrome

Hiki ke hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia ka maʻi Metabolic Syndrome?

ʻAe, hiki pinepine ke hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia a i ʻole hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ka maʻi Metabolic Syndrome ma o nā loli o ke ola. Nui nā kānaka i hoʻihoʻi maikaʻi i ko lākou mau ana i nā pae maʻamau ma o ka pohō kaumaha, ka hoʻoikaika kino maʻamau, a me nā hoʻomaikaʻi ʻai. Eia naʻe, pono kēia i ka hoʻohiki mau i nā ʻano maikaʻi, ʻoiai paha e hoʻi mai nā ʻano kumu i alakaʻi i ka maʻi inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia nā ʻano maikaʻi.

Pehea ka lōʻihi e pono ai e ʻike i nā hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maʻi Metabolic Syndrome?

E hiki paha ke hoʻomaka ʻoe e ʻike i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā pae ikehu a me kou manaʻo i loko o kekahi mau pule o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o ke ola. Hiki i ke koko koko a me nā pae kō koko ke hoʻomaka e hoʻomaikaʻi i loko o 1-3 mau mahina. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā loli nui i nā pae kolesterol a me ke anawaena o ka pūhaka e lawe pinepine i 3-6 mau mahina o ka hoʻoikaika mau. E nānā hou paha kāu kauka i kāu mau waiwai lab i kēlā me kēia 3-6 mau mahina e hahai i ka holomua.

Ua like anei ka maʻi metabolic syndrome me ka maʻi diabetes?

ʻAʻole, ʻokoʻa nā maʻi metabolic syndrome a me ka maʻi diabetes, ʻoiai ua pili lāua. ʻO ka maʻi metabolic syndrome kahi hui o nā mea pilikia e hoʻonui ai i kou manawa e loaʻa ai ka maʻi diabetes type 2. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka maʻi metabolic syndrome me ka ʻole o ka maʻi diabetes, akā ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi metabolic syndrome e hoʻonui nui i kou pilikia diabetes. Loaʻa paha i kekahi poʻe me ka maʻi metabolic syndrome ka prediabetes a i ʻole ka maʻi diabetes mua ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka maʻi.

He aha ka ʻai maikaʻi loa no kekahi me ka maʻi metabolic syndrome?

ʻAʻohe meaʻai hoʻokahi