Nā Hōʻailona Ma Hope O Ka Maʻi Polio

ʻO ka maʻi ma hope o ka maʻi polio he hui o nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i ʻike ʻia ma hope o nā makahiki he nui ma hope o ka maʻi polio mua. E ʻike pinepine ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona ma waena o 30 a 40 mau makahiki ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi polio.

Ua hoʻokumu kekahi manawa ka maʻi mai ka maʻi polio i ka paralysis a me ka make. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻemi nui ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka lāʻau polio i hoʻoneʻe ʻia i nā makahiki 1950 i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi polio.

I kēia lā, he kakaikahi loa nā kānaka ma nā ʻāina holomua i hoʻopōʻino ʻia e ka maʻi polio, ʻo ka mea maʻamau e pili ana i kahi pane mai kekahi ʻano o ka lāʻau. Eia naʻe, nui nā kānaka i loaʻa i ka maʻi polio i ka wā ʻōpiopio e hoʻomohala paha i ka maʻi ma hope o ka maʻi polio ma hope i ke ola.

Hoʻopili wale ʻia ka maʻi ma hope o ka polio i nā kānaka i loaʻa i ka polio. ʻO nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona maʻamau o ka maʻi ma hope o ka polio, ʻo ia hoʻi:

• Ka nāwaliwali a me ka ʻeha o nā ʻiʻo a me nā hono e ʻoi aku ka ʻino i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa
• Ka luhi maʻalahi a me ka luhi nui
• Ka nalowale ʻana o ka ʻiʻo (atrophy)
• Nā pilikia hanu a i ʻole ka ʻai
• Nā maʻi hanu e pili ana i ka hiamoe, e like me ka sleep apnea
• Ka emi ʻana o ke kūpaʻa i nā mahana anu

Holo mālie ka maʻi ma hope o ka polio i ka hapa nui o nā kānaka. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona hou, a laila e hahai ʻia e nā manawa kūpaʻa.

E ʻike i kāu kauka inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka nāwaliwali a i ʻole ka luhi e hoʻonui nei. He mea nui ia ke kāpae i nā kumu ʻē aʻe o kāu mau hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona a hoʻoholo inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi ma hope o ka polio.

Aia kekahi mau manaʻo e pili ana i ke kumu o ka maʻi ma hope o ka maʻi polio, akā ʻaʻohe mea i maopopo loa.

Ke komo ka maʻi polio i loko o kou kino, e hoʻopilikia ia i nā pūnaewele nerve i kapa ʻia ʻo nā neuron motor e lawe i nā leka (nā impulse uila) ma waena o kou lolo a me kou mau ʻiʻo. Hoʻopili nui ka maʻi polio i nā neuron motor ma ke kua.

ʻO kēlā me kēia neuron motor he ʻekolu mau ʻāpana kumu:

• Kahi kino cell
• Kahi kaula lālā nui (axon)
• Nui nā kaula lālā liʻiliʻi (dendrites)

Nā kumu e hoʻonui ai i kou pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ma hope o ka maʻi polio:

• Ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi polio mua. ʻO ka nui o ke koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi mua, ʻo ka nui aku ka hiki ke loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o ka maʻi ma hope o ka maʻi polio.
• Ka makahiki i hoʻomaka ai ka maʻi mua. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi polio i kou wā ʻōpiopio a i ʻole makua ma mua o ke keiki, e hoʻonui ʻia kou manawa e loaʻa ai ka maʻi ma hope o ka maʻi polio.
• Ke ola hou ʻana. ʻO ka nui o kou ola hou ʻana ma hope o ka maʻi polio ʻoi aku, ʻo ka nui aku ka hiki ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi ma hope o ka maʻi polio. He mea kēia no ka mea, ʻo ka ola hou ʻana nui e hoʻonui i ka pilikia i nā neuron motor.
• Ka hana kino nui loa. Inā hana pinepine ʻoe i ka hana kino a hiki i ka luhi a me ka luhi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonui i ka hana nui ʻana i nā neuron motor i hoʻoikaika ʻia a hoʻonui i kou pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ma hope o ka maʻi polio.

ʻAʻole pinepine ka make ʻana o ka maʻi ma hope o ka polio, akā naʻe, hiki i ka nāwaliwali nui o nā ʻiʻo ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia:

• Hāʻule. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka nalowale ʻana o kou kaulike a me ka hāʻule ʻana i ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo o kou wāwae. A laila, hiki iā ʻoe ke haki i ka iwi, e like me ka ʻūhā, e alakaʻi ana i nā pilikia ʻē aʻe.

• Luhi. He mea maʻamau loa ka luhi i nā kānaka me ka maʻi ma hope o ka polio. Hiki i ka luhi ke hoʻopilikia, ʻoiai ma hope o ka hana iki loa. Hiki nō hoʻi ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia me ka hoʻomaopopo a me ka hoʻomanaʻo.

• ʻEha. Hiki i nā hemahema o ka musculoskeletal a me ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo ke alakaʻi i ka ʻeha mau loa.

• Ka nele o ka meaʻai, ka maloʻo ʻana a me ka pneumonia. ʻO nā kānaka i loaʻa i ka polio bulbar, ka mea e hoʻopilikia ana i nā aʻalolo e alakaʻi ana i nā ʻiʻo i komo i ka ʻai ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana, pinepine lākou i ka pilikia me kēia mau hana a loaʻa nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe o ka maʻi ma hope o ka polio.

  Hiki i nā pilikia o ka ʻai ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana ke alakaʻi i ka nele o ka meaʻai a me ka maloʻo ʻana, a me ka aspiration pneumonia, ka mea i hana ʻia e ka hanu ʻana i nā ʻāpana meaʻai i loko o kou māmā (aspirating).

• Ka nele o ka hanu mau loa. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka lawe ʻana i nā hanu hohonu a me ka ʻōhū ʻana i ka nāwaliwali o kou diaphragm a me nā ʻiʻo o kou umauma, ka mea hiki ke hana i ka wai a me ka mucus e kūkulu i loko o kou māmā.

  Hiki i ka momona, ka puhipaka, ka wili ʻana o ke kua, ka anesthesia, ka neʻe ʻole lōʻihi a me kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻemi hou aku i kou hiki ke hanu, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hāʻule koke ʻana o nā pae oxygen koko (acute respiratory failure). A laila, pono paha ʻoe i ka mālama e kōkua iā ʻoe e hanu (ventilation therapy).

• Osteoporosis. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka hana ʻole a me ka neʻe ʻole ʻana me ka nalowale ʻana o ka mānoanoa o ka iwi a me ka osteoporosis i nā kāne a me nā wahine. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi ma hope o ka polio, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana i ka mānoanoa o ka iwi.

• Nā pilikia hiamoe. He mea maʻamau ka sleep apnea a me ka restless legs syndrome i nā kānaka me ka maʻi ma hope o ka polio. Hiki i kēia mau pilikia hiamoe ke hoʻopilikia i ka insomnia a me ka luhi inā ʻaʻohe mālama.

ʻAʻohe hōʻoia kūikawā e hōʻoia i ka maʻi ma hope o ka maʻi polio. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hōʻoia ma ka mōʻaukala lapaʻau a me ka nānā kino, a me ka kāpae ʻana i nā kūlana ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona.

No ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka maʻi ma hope o ka maʻi polio, e ʻimi nā kauka i ʻekolu mau mea hōʻailona:

Eia kekahi, no ka mea ua like nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ma hope o ka maʻi polio me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, e ho'āʻo kāu kauka e kāpae i nā kumu ʻē aʻe, e like me ka mumū ʻana o nā hono, ka fibromyalgia, ka maʻi luhi mau loa a me ka scoliosis.

No ka mea ʻaʻohe mau hōʻoia e hōʻoia i ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka maʻi ma hope o ka maʻi polio, hiki i kāu kauka ke hoʻohana i kekahi mau hōʻoia e kāpae i nā kūlana ʻē aʻe, me:

Electromyography (EMG) a me nā haʻawina alakaʻi nerve. Ke ana ʻo Electromyography i nā hoʻokuʻu uila liʻiliʻi i hana ʻia i nā ʻiʻo. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi electrode ʻōniʻoniʻo lahilahi i loko o nā ʻiʻo e aʻo ʻia. Ke hoʻopaʻa nei kahi mea hana i ka hana uila i kou ʻiʻo i ka hoʻomaha a i kou hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ʻiʻo.

I loko o kahi hoʻololi o ka electromyography (EMG) i kapa ʻia ʻo nā haʻawina alakaʻi nerve, ua kāpili ʻia ʻelua mau electrodes i kou ʻili ma luna o kahi nerve e aʻo ʻia. Hoʻohele ʻia kahi haʻalulu liʻiliʻi ma o ka nerve e ana i ka wikiwiki o nā hōʻailona nerve. Kūkulu kēia mau hōʻoia i ka ʻike a me ka kāpae ʻana i nā kūlana e like me kahi kūlana kūpono ʻole o kou mau nerve (neuropathy) a me kahi maʻi ʻiʻo ʻiʻo (myopathy).

ʻO kahi hōʻoia ʻole e hōʻike ana i ka manaʻo no ka loiloi ʻana i ka nui o ka maʻi ma hope o ka maʻi polio a me ka nānā ʻana i kona holomua ʻo ka ultrasound muscle, kahi e hoʻohana ai i nā nalu kani e hana i nā kiʻi o nā ʻiʻo. Pono hou aku ka noiʻi.

• Ka hōʻoia mua o ka polio. Hiki paha kēia ke koi i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā moʻolelo lapaʻau kahiko a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike mai nā lālā ʻohana kahiko.

• Ka manawa lōʻihi ma hope o ka ho'ōla. Noho pinepine nā poʻe e ola mai ka hoʻouka mua ʻana o ka polio no nā makahiki me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona a i ʻole nā hōʻailona hou aʻe. Hoʻololi nui ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hopena hope, akā hoʻomaka maʻamau ma hope o 15 mau makahiki ma hope o ka hōʻoia mua.

• Hoʻomaka mālie. Hoʻomaka pinepine ka nāwaliwali hope i nā ʻiʻo i hoʻopilikia ʻia i ka manawa o ka maʻi polio mua. ʻAʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia ka nāwaliwali a hiki i ka wā e hoʻopilikia ai i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke ala mai me ka hou, akā e luhi i ka awakea mua, e luhi ma hope o nā hana i maʻalahi ma mua.

• Electromyography (EMG) a me nā haʻawina alakaʻi nerve. Ke ana ʻo Electromyography i nā hoʻokuʻu uila liʻiliʻi i hana ʻia i nā ʻiʻo. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi electrode ʻōniʻoniʻo lahilahi i loko o nā ʻiʻo e aʻo ʻia. Ke hoʻopaʻa nei kahi mea hana i ka hana uila i kou ʻiʻo i ka hoʻomaha a i kou hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ʻiʻo.

  I loko o kahi hoʻololi o ka electromyography (EMG) i kapa ʻia ʻo nā haʻawina alakaʻi nerve, ua kāpili ʻia ʻelua mau electrodes i kou ʻili ma luna o kahi nerve e aʻo ʻia. Hoʻohele ʻia kahi haʻalulu liʻiliʻi ma o ka nerve e ana i ka wikiwiki o nā hōʻailona nerve. Kūkulu kēia mau hōʻoia i ka ʻike a me ka kāpae ʻana i nā kūlana e like me kahi kūlana kūpono ʻole o kou mau nerve (neuropathy) a me kahi maʻi ʻiʻo ʻiʻo (myopathy).

• Imaging. Hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo aku i kahi Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) a i ʻole computed tomography (CT) scan e ʻike i nā kiʻi o kou lolo a me kou spinal cord. Hiki i kēia mau hōʻoia ke kōkua i ka kāpae ʻana i nā maʻi spinal, e like me ke kūlana degenerative spine spondylosis a i ʻole ka hoʻonui ʻana o kou kolamu spinal e kau i ka puʻe ma luna o kou mau nerve (spinal stenosis).

• Muscle biopsy. Hiki ke hana ʻia kahi muscle biopsy e kōkua i kāu kauka e ʻimi i nā hōʻike o kahi kūlana ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka nāwaliwali.

• Nā hōʻoia koko. Loaʻa pinepine i nā poʻe me ka maʻi ma hope o ka maʻi polio nā hopena hōʻoia koko maʻamau. Hiki i nā hopena hōʻoia koko kūpono ʻole ke hōʻike i kahi pilikia ʻē aʻe e hoʻoulu ana i kou mau hōʻailona.

ʻAʻohe lāʻau hoʻokahi no nā hōʻailona like ʻole a me nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi polio ma hope. ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana i kāu mau hōʻailona a kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻoluʻolu a kūʻokoʻa hoʻi. Eia kekahi mau koho lāʻau lapaʻau e kōkua paha i ka mālama ʻana i kāu mau hōʻailona maʻi polio ma hope:

Lapaʻau kino. Hiki i kāu kauka a i ʻole kauka lapaʻau ke kuhikuhi i nā hana hoʻoikaika kino no ʻoe e hoʻoikaika ai i kou mau ʻiʻo me ka ʻole o ka luhi. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ia nā hana hoʻoikaika kino māmā, e like me ka ʻauʻau a i ʻole ka aerobics wai, āu e hana ai i kēlā me kēia lā ʻē aʻe ma kahi wikiwiki hoʻomaha.

He mea nui ka hoʻoikaika kino e mālama ai i ke olakino, akā e pale i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i kou mau ʻiʻo a me nā hono a me ka hoʻoikaika kino a hiki i ka ʻeha a i ʻole ka luhi.

Hiki i nā koho lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe ke komo pū me ka lāʻau anticonvulsant gabapentin (Neurontin, Gralise), kahi i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e mālama ai i ka ʻeha o nā aʻalolo. ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā lāʻau ʻeha opioid lōʻihi ma muli o kā lākou mau pilikia lōʻihi. E kūkākūkā ʻoe a me kāu kauka i ka papahana mālama kūpono no ʻoe e mālama ai i kou ʻeha a me nā hōʻailona.

• Mālama ikehu. ʻO kēia ka hoʻolālā ʻana i kāu hana kino a me ka hoʻomaha pinepine ʻana e hoʻemi ai i ka luhi. Hiki i nā mea kōkua - e like me ka lāʻau, ka mea hele, ka mea kaʻa a i ʻole ka scooter kaʻa - ke kōkua iā ʻoe e mālama i ka ikehu. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi paʻa paʻa i ka ua a i ʻole ka noho halepaku kiʻekiʻe e kōkua pū paha. Hiki i kahi kauka lapaʻau ke hōʻike iā ʻoe i nā ala e hanu ai e kōkua ai i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu.

• Lapaʻau kino. Hiki i kāu kauka a i ʻole kauka lapaʻau ke kuhikuhi i nā hana hoʻoikaika kino no ʻoe e hoʻoikaika ai i kou mau ʻiʻo me ka ʻole o ka luhi. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ia nā hana hoʻoikaika kino māmā, e like me ka ʻauʻau a i ʻole ka aerobics wai, āu e hana ai i kēlā me kēia lā ʻē aʻe ma kahi wikiwiki hoʻomaha.

  He mea nui ka hoʻoikaika kino e mālama ai i ke olakino, akā e pale i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i kou mau ʻiʻo a me nā hono a me ka hoʻoikaika kino a hiki i ka ʻeha a i ʻole ka luhi.

• Lapaʻau ʻōlelo. Hiki i kahi kauka lapaʻau ʻōlelo ke hōʻike iā ʻoe i nā ala e uku ai no nā pilikia ʻai. Hiki pū ke kōkua nā hana hoʻoikaika leo.

• Mālama maʻi hiamoe. Pono paha ʻoe e hoʻololi i kāu mau ʻano hiamoe, e like me ka pale ʻana i ka hiamoe ʻana ma kou kua, a i ʻole e hoʻohana i kahi mea hana e kōkua ai e wehe i kou ala hanu ke hiamoe ʻoe. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka restless legs syndrome, hiki i ka mālama ʻana i kēlā maʻi ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka hiamoe a hoʻemi i ka luhi.

• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Hiki i nā mea hoʻoemi ʻeha - e like me ka aspirin, acetaminophen (Tylenol, nā mea ʻē aʻe) a me ka ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, nā mea ʻē aʻe) - ke hoʻoluhi i ka ʻeha o nā ʻiʻo a me nā hono.

Ke pili hou ʻana i kahi maʻi āu i manaʻo ai ua hala aku ua hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa a i ʻole ke kaumaha loa i kekahi manawa. ʻO ka hoʻōla ʻana mai ka maʻi mua e pono ai ka ikaika a me ka hoʻoholo, akā i kēia manawa, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaha a mālama i kou ikaika no nā hopena ma hope o ka maʻi polio.

Eia kekahi mau manaʻo:

• E kaupalena i nā hana e hoʻoulu ai i ka ʻeha a i ʻole ka luhi. ʻO ke kaulike ka mea nui. ʻO ka hana nui ʻana i kahi lā maikaʻi e alakaʻi ai i nā lā ʻino he nui ma hope.
• E noho mahana. Hoʻonui ka anu i ka luhi o nā ʻiʻo. E mālama i ka mahana o kou home a me ka lole ʻana i nā papa, ʻoiai ke hele ʻoe i waho.
• E pale i nā hāʻule. E kāpae i nā moena palahalaha a me nā mea ʻōpala ma ka papahele, e komo i nā kāmaʻa maikaʻi, a e pale i nā wahi paheʻe a i ʻole nā ​​​​wahi hau.
• E mālama i kahi ola olakino. E ʻai i ka ʻai kaulike, e haʻalele i ka puhipaka a e hoʻemi i ka inu kofe e mālama i ke kino, e hanu maʻalahi a e hiamoe maikaʻi.
• E pale i kou mau māmā. Inā pilikia kou hanu, e nānā i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi hanu e ulu ana a e mālama koke ʻia. Mai puhi paka, a e mālama i kāu mau lāʻau ʻoki no ka maʻi flu a me ka maʻi pneumonia.