He aha ka SARS? Nā hōʻailona, nā kumu, a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau

ʻO SARS ka pōkole no Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, kahi maʻi viral koʻikoʻi e hoʻopili nui ana i kou mau māmā a me kou ʻōnaehana hanu. Ua puka mai kēia maʻi ma 2003 a ua pālahalaha koke ma nā ʻāina he nui ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana ma o nā hana olakino honua.

ʻOiai hiki i ka SARS ke lohe ʻia he weliweli, ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka mea a ia a pehea ka hana ʻana e kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike hou a hoʻomākaukau. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo maikaʻi, ʻaʻohe hihia o SARS i hōʻike ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa mai 2004 mai, e lilo ana i mea maʻamau loa i kēia manawa.

He aha ka SARS?

ʻO SARS kahi maʻi hanu i hana ʻia e kahi coronavirus i kapa ʻia ʻo SARS-CoV. Hoʻouka kēia virus i kou ʻōnaehana hanu, e hoʻomaka ana me nā hōʻailona e like me ka maʻi flu a hiki ke holomua i nā pilikia hanu koʻikoʻi.

Ua loaʻa i ke kūlana kona inoa no ka mea hiki iā ia ke hana i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi, a i ʻole ka wikiwiki, i kou mau māmā. I ka wā e loaʻa ai i kekahi kanaka ka SARS, pane ikaika ka ʻōnaehana pale o ke kino e hakakā i ka virus, akā hiki i kēia pane ke hana i ka hanu ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī.

Ua pālahalaha nui ka SARS ma o nā kulu hanu i ka wā e ʻū a i ʻole e kuhukū ai ke kanaka maʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu pū ke pā ʻoe i nā ʻili i hoʻohaumia ʻia e ka virus a laila pā i kou maka, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kēia ka mea maʻamau.

He aha nā hōʻailona o SARS?

ʻO nā hōʻailona SARS e ulu pinepine ana ma nā kahua, e hoʻomaka ana i ka palupalu a hiki ke lilo i mea koʻikoʻi ma hope o kekahi manawa. ʻO nā hōʻailona mua e like pinepine me ka maʻi flu maʻamau, ka mea hiki ke paʻakikī ke ʻike mua.

E hele kākou i nā mea āu e ʻike ai inā hōʻike ʻia ʻoe i ka SARS, e hoʻomanaʻo ana he ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona mai ke kanaka a i ke kanaka:

• Wela kiʻekiʻe (ma mua o 100.4°F a i ʻole 38°C)
• Poʻo ʻeha a me ke kino ʻeha
• Manaʻo maʻamau o ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole a i ʻole ka hopohopo ʻole
• Kūpī i kekahi mau hihia
• Kūhū maloʻo e ulu ana ma hope o 2-7 mau lā
• Pōkole o ka hanu a i ʻole ka paʻakikī o ka hanu
• ʻEha umauma a i ʻole ka ʻeha

ʻO nā pilikia hanu e ʻike pinepine ʻia ma hope o ka maʻi, ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wela no kekahi mau lā. ʻO ka hapanui o nā kānaka me SARS e loaʻa i ka pneumonia, ʻo ia ka mumū i nā māmā e hana i ka hanu ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī.

I nā hihia kakaikahi, hiki i kekahi poʻe ke ʻike i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi e like me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hanu, kahi e hiki ʻole ai i nā māmā ke hāʻawi i ka oxygen lawa i ke kino. ʻO ia ke kumu e lilo ai ka mālama lapaʻau i mea nui loa inā manaʻo ʻia ka SARS.

He aha ka mea e hana ai i ka SARS?

Hana ʻia ka SARS e kahi coronavirus kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo SARS-CoV. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻomaka kēia virus i nā holoholona ma mua o ka lele ʻana i nā kānaka, kahi kaʻina hana a nā ʻepekema i kapa ʻia ʻo "zoonotic transmission."

Manaʻo nā mea noiʻi ua neʻe mua ka virus mai nā popo i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā pōpoki civet paha, ma mua o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā kānaka. Ua hana kēia ma ka hema o Kina i ka hopena o 2002, e hōʻailona ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi SARS.

Ua pālahalaha ka virus ma waena o nā kānaka ma o kekahi mau ala:

• Ke hanu ʻana i nā kulu i ka wā e ʻū a i ʻole e kuhukū ai kekahi me SARS kokoke
• Ke pā ʻana i nā ʻili i hoʻohaumia ʻia a laila pā i kou waha, ihu, a i ʻole nā ​​maka
• Pili kokoke me nā kānaka maʻi, ʻo nā limahana olakino a i ʻole nā ​​ʻohana

ʻO ka mea i hana i ka SARS he mea pilikia loa, ʻo ia ka hiki i nā kānaka ke pālahalaha i ka virus ma mua o ko lākou ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maʻi o nā kānaka i ka wā i loaʻa ai ko lākou hōʻailona i ko lākou ʻino loa.

I ka wā e ʻike ai i ke kauka no SARS?

ʻOiai ʻaʻohe hōʻike ʻia o SARS mai 2004 mai, ʻo ka hiki ke hālāwai me ia i kēia lā he mea haʻahaʻa loa. Eia naʻe, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona hanu koʻikoʻi, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma hope o ka hele ʻana i nā wahi i loaʻa ai nā maʻi like, ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana i ka mālama lapaʻau he mea naʻauao mau.

Pono ʻoe e hoʻokaʻaʻike i kahi mea mālama olakino inā ʻike ʻoe:

• Wela kiʻekiʻe i hui pū ʻia me ka ʻū koʻikoʻi a me nā pilikia hanu
• Nā hōʻailona e ʻino koke ana i loko o kekahi mau lā
• Paʻakikī o ka hanu a i ʻole ka ʻeha umauma
• Hele hou i nā wahi me nā hōʻike o nā maʻi hanu i hōʻike ʻia

Inā hopohopo ʻoe e pili ana i kekahi maʻi hanu, mai hoʻokaʻulua e hoʻokaʻaʻike i kāu kauka. Hiki iā lākou ke kōkua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka mea e hana ana i kāu mau hōʻailona a hāʻawi i ka mālama kūpono.

He aha nā mea pilikia no SARS?

ʻOiai ua ola ka hapanui o nā kānaka i loaʻa i ka SARS i ka wā o ka maʻi 2003, ua ʻike kekahi i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia e kōkua i ka wehewehe ʻana i ke kumu i lawe nui ai ka hui lapaʻau i ka SARS.

ʻO nā pilikia maʻamau loa i komo:

• Pneumonia e hoʻopili ana i nā māmā ʻelua
• Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), kahi e piha ai nā māmā i ka wai
• Hāʻule ʻana o ka hanu e pono ai ka ea mīkini
• Nā pilikia naʻau, me ka puʻuwai kūpono ʻole
• ʻEha ate i kekahi mau hihia

I nā hihia kakaikahi, hiki i ka SARS ke alakaʻi i ka hāʻule ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana he nui, kahi e hoʻōki ai kekahi mau ʻōnaehana o ke kino i ka hana pono ʻana. ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia i nā poʻe ʻelemakule a i ʻole nā ​​​​kānaka me nā kūlana olakino i loaʻa.

ʻO ka nui o ka make mai ka SARS ma kahi o 10%, ʻoiai ua ʻokoʻa nui kēia ma muli o ka makahiki a me ke kūlana olakino. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hopena o nā ʻōpio, nā kānaka olakino ma mua o nā poʻe ʻelemakule a i ʻole nā ​​​​kānaka me nā maʻi maʻi.

Pehea ka hōʻike ʻana o SARS?

I ka wā o ka maʻi 2003, ʻo ka hōʻike ʻana i ka SARS e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hōʻailona maʻi me nā hoʻokolohua labo a me nā haʻawina kiʻi. Pono nā kauka e hoʻohui i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo he nui e hana i kahi hōʻike pololei.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana hōʻike e komo pinepine ana:

• Mōʻaukala lapaʻau kikoʻī, me ka hele hou a me nā hōʻike hiki
• Nānā kino e nānā ana i ka hanu a me nā leo māmā
• Nā X-ray umauma e nānā i ka pneumonia
• Nā hoʻokolohua koko e nānā i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi
• Nā hoʻokolohua kūikawā e ʻike i ka virus SARS

ʻO kekahi pilikia, ʻo ia ka like loa o nā hōʻailona SARS mua me nā maʻi hanu ʻē aʻe e like me ka maʻi flu a i ʻole ka pneumonia. Ua hana kēia i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻike koke ʻana i nā hihia, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi.

Ua hilinaʻi pū nā kauka i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo epidemiological, e like paha me ka pili ʻana o nā mea maʻi me nā hihia SARS i ʻike ʻia a i ʻole ua hele lākou i nā wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia. He mea nui kēia hana noiʻi no ka ʻike ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka pālahalaha.

He aha ka lāʻau lapaʻau no SARS?

I ka wā o ka maʻi 2003, ʻaʻohe lāʻau antiviral kūikawā i hōʻoia ʻia he pono e kūʻē i ka SARS. Ua kālele ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ke kākoʻo ʻana i ke kino i ka wā e hakakā ai ka ʻōnaehana pale i ka maʻi.

ʻO nā ala lāʻau nui i komo:

• Oxygen therapy e kōkua i nā pilikia hanu
• Ea mīkini no nā hihia koʻikoʻi
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻemi i ka wela a hoʻokele i nā hōʻailona
• Steroids e hoʻemi i ka mumū māmā i kekahi mau hihia
• Antibiotics inā ulu nā maʻi bacteria ma ka ʻaoʻao o SARS

Ua pono ka nui o nā mea maʻi i ka mālama koʻikoʻi, ʻoi aku hoʻi nā mea i loaʻa nā pilikia hanu koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka hui lapaʻau, ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana i nā mea maʻi i ka wā e ola ai ko lākou kino ma ke ʻano maoli.

Ua ho'āʻo ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻokolohua, me nā lāʻau antiviral a me nā mea hoʻoikaika ʻōnaehana pale, akā ʻaʻohe mea i hōʻoia ʻia he pono. Ua hilinaʻi ka ola ʻana i ka olakino holoʻokoʻa o ke kanaka a me ka hiki o ko lākou kino ke hakakā i ka maʻi.

Pehea ka pale ʻana i ka SARS?

Ua hoʻomalu ʻia ka maʻi SARS 2003 ma o nā hana olakino lehulehu koʻikoʻi ma mua o nā lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā. Ua hōʻoia kēia mau hana pale i ka pono nui i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka pālahalaha.

ʻO nā hana pale koʻikoʻi i komo:

• Ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea maʻi SARS i manaʻo ʻia a i hōʻoia ʻia
• Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā kānaka i hōʻike ʻia i ka SARS
• Ke nānā ʻana i ka pilina e ʻike i nā hihia hiki
• Nā palena huakaʻi a me nā nānā olakino ma nā kahua mokulele
• Hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻomalu maʻi i nā haukapila
• Hoʻonaʻauao lehulehu e pili ana i nā hōʻailona a me ka pale

Ua hoʻohana nā limahana olakino i nā lako pale kūikawā, me nā pale N95, nā mīkina lima, a me nā kapa, i ka wā e mālama ana i nā mea maʻi SARS. Ua hoʻemi nui kēia i ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā wahi lapaʻau.

Ua hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi ʻia ka pane honua, me nā ʻāina e kaʻana like ana i ka ʻike wikiwiki a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hana hoʻomalu like. He mea nui kēia hui honua i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka SARS i loko o nā mahina.

Pehea ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau ai no kahi hālāwai kauka e pili ana i nā hōʻailona hanu?

Inā hopohopo ʻoe e pili ana i kekahi maʻi hanu, ʻo ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no kāu kipa kauka e kōkua i ka hōʻoia ʻana e loaʻa iā ʻoe ka mālama maikaʻi loa. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ka SARS he pilikia i kēia manawa, pili kēia mau ʻōlelo aʻo i nā hōʻailona hanu āpau.

Ma mua o kāu hālāwai, e hōʻiliʻili i kēia ʻike:

• Ka lā o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hōʻailona a pehea lākou i loli ai
• Papa inoa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea hoʻohui āpau
• Mōʻaukala huakaʻi hou, ʻoi aku hoʻi nā huakaʻi honua
• Pili me kekahi i maʻi koke
• Kāu mōʻaukala lapaʻau, me nā kūlana maʻi maʻi

E kākau i nā nīnau kūikawā āu e makemake ai e nīnau i kāu kauka. Hiki paha i kēia ke komo i nā hopohopo e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona, ​​he aha nā hoʻokolohua e pono ai, a i ʻole pehea e hoʻokele ai i kou kūlana ma ka home.

Mai poina e haʻi inā manaʻo ʻoe e hopohopo ana e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona. Hiki i kāu kauka ke hāʻawi i ka hōʻoia a kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā makaʻu āu e loaʻa ai e pili ana i kou olakino.

He aha ka mea nui e pili ana i ka SARS?

ʻO SARS kahi maʻi hanu koʻikoʻi i hana i ka hopohopo nui i ka 2003, akā he mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻopau ʻia. ʻAʻohe hihia i hōʻike ʻia ma kahi ma ka honua mai 2004 mai.

Ua aʻo mai ka maʻi SARS iā mākou i nā haʻawina waiwai e pili ana i ka pane ʻana i nā maʻi hou. Ua hōʻike ia i ka wikiwiki o ka hiki ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana olakino honua ke kūʻē i kahi hoʻoweliweli a pehea ka pono o nā hana olakino lehulehu i hoʻonohonoho ʻia.

ʻOiai ʻaʻole ka SARS iho he pilikia hou, ua kōkua ka ʻike i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka hui lapaʻau no nā maʻi hanu hou aʻe. Ke hoʻomau nei nā haʻawina i aʻo ʻia e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o kā mākou pane ʻana i nā pilikia olakino hou i kēia lā.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hopohopo e pili ana i nā hōʻailona hanu, mai hoʻokaʻulua e hoʻokaʻaʻike i kāu mea mālama olakino. Aia lākou e kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻoluʻolu a hoʻoponopono i nā hopohopo āu e loaʻa ai e pili ana i kou olakino.

Nā nīnau i nīnau pinepine ʻia e pili ana i ka SARS

Q1: Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka SARS i kēia lā?

ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka SARS i kēia lā. ʻO ka hihia hope loa o SARS i hōʻike ʻia i ka 2004, a ua haʻi aku ka World Health Organization ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka maʻi. ʻAʻole ke kaʻapuni nei ka virus ma waena o nā kānaka ma kahi ma ka honua.

Q2: ʻO SARS ka mea like me COVID-19?

ʻAʻole, ʻo SARS a me COVID-19 nā maʻi like ʻole i hana ʻia e nā virus like ʻole, ʻoiai ʻelua mau coronaviruses. Hana ʻia ka SARS e SARS-CoV, ʻoiai hana ʻia ka COVID-19 e SARS-CoV-206. ʻOiai pili lākou, he ʻokoʻa ko lākou hana a he ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona a me nā hopena.

Q3: Pehea ka lōʻihi o ka maʻi SARS?

Ua lōʻihi ka maʻi SARS mai Nowemapa 2002 a hiki i Iulai 2003, i ka wā i haʻi aku ai ka World Health Organization ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Ua kiʻekiʻe ka maʻi i ka pūnāwai o 2003 a ua hoʻomalu ʻia ma o nā hana olakino lehulehu honua i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o ʻewalu mahina.

Q4: Ehia mau kānaka i hoʻopilikia ʻia e SARS?

Wahi a ka World Health Organization, ua hoʻopilikia ka SARS ma kahi o 8,098 mau kānaka ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa a ua hana i 774 mau make i ka wā o ka maʻi 2003. Ua hoʻopilikia ka maʻi i 26 mau ʻāina, me ka hapa nui o nā hihia i loaʻa ma Kina, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, a me Kanada.

Q5: He aha ka mea i hana i ka SARS he ʻokoʻa mai ka maʻi flu maʻamau?

ʻOi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka SARS ma mua o ka maʻi flu maʻamau, me ka nui o ka pneumonia a me nā pilikia hanu. Loaʻa pū iā ia ka nui o ka make (ma kahi o 10% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka emi ma mua o 1% no ka maʻi flu kau) a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pono o ka haukapila. ʻAʻole like me ka maʻi flu, ʻaʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole lāʻau lapaʻau i hōʻoia ʻia i ka wā o ka maʻi.