Maʻi Kō 2

ʻO ka maʻi diabetes type 2 kahi kūlana e loaʻa mai ana ma muli o ka pilikia i ke ʻano o ka hoʻoponopono a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ke kino i ke kō ma ke ʻano he wahie. Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi kēlā kō i glucose. ʻO kēia kūlana lōʻihi e hopena ai i ka nui o ke kō e holo nei i loko o ke koko. I ka hopena, hiki i nā kiʻekiʻe o ke kō koko ke alakaʻi i nā maʻi o nā ʻōnaehana holo koko, nā ʻōnaehana nerve a me nā ʻōnaehana pale.

Ma ka maʻi diabetes type 2, ʻelua mau pilikia nui. ʻAʻole lawa ka hana ʻana o ka pancreas i ka insulin — kahi hormone e hoʻoponopono ai i ka neʻe ʻana o ke kō i loko o nā cell. A pane maikaʻi ʻole nā ​​cell i ka insulin a lawe liʻiliʻi i ke kō.

Ua kapa ʻia ka maʻi diabetes type 2 i ka maʻi diabetes o nā mākua, akā hiki i nā ʻano 1 a me 2 diabetes ke hoʻomaka i ka wā kamaliʻi a me ka wā makua. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ka type 2 i nā mākua kahiko. Akā, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o nā keiki me ka momona ua alakaʻi i nā hihia hou aku o ka maʻi diabetes type 2 i nā poʻe ʻōpio.

ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi diabetes type 2. Hiki i ka lilo ʻana o ke kaumaha, ka ʻai maikaʻi a me ka hoʻoikaika kino ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi. Inā ʻaʻole lawa ka ʻai a me ka hoʻoikaika kino e kaohi i ke kō koko, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau diabetes a i ʻole ka lāʻau insulin.

Ho'omaka mālie pinepine nā hō'ailona o ka ma'i diabetes type 2. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki iā ʻoe ke noho me ka ma'i diabetes type 2 no nā makahiki a ʻaʻole ʻike. Ke loaʻa nā hō'ailona, ​​hiki iā lākou ke komo pū me: Ke makewai nui. Ka mimi pinepine. Ke pōloli nui. Ke emi koke ʻana o ke kaumaha. Ka luhi. Ka ʻike ʻole maopopo. Ka ho'ōla lohi ʻana o nā ʻeha. Ka maʻi pinepine. Ka ʻeha a i ʻole ka wiliwili ʻana o nā lima a i ʻole nā ​​wāwae. Nā wahi o ka ʻili ʻeleʻele, maʻamau ma nā ʻaoʻao a me ka ʻāʻī. E ʻike i kāu mea lawelawe ola inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi hōʻailona o ka ma'i diabetes type 2.

E ʻike i kāu mea mālama ola inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi mau hōʻailona o ka maʻi kō type 2.

ʻO ka maʻi diabetes type 2 ka hopena nui o nā pilikia ʻelua: Ke kū'ē nei nā cell ma nā ʻiʻo, ka momona a me ke ate i ka insulin. No laila, ʻaʻole lawa ka lawe ʻana o nā cell i ke kō. ʻAʻole hiki i ka pancreas ke hana i ka insulin lawa e mālama i nā pae kō koko i loko o kahi laulā olakino. ʻAʻole maopopo ke kumu kikoʻī o kēia. ʻO ka nui o ke kaumaha a me ka hana ʻole ʻana nā kumu nui e kōkua ana. He hormone ka insulin mai ka pancreas—he gland i waiho ʻia ma hope a ma lalo o ka ʻōpū. Ke kaohi nei ka insulin i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ke kino i ke kō ma nā ʻano penei: Ke hoʻonāukiuki nei ke kō i loko o ke koko i ka pancreas e hoʻokuʻu i ka insulin. Ke holo nei ka insulin i loko o ke koko, e hiki ai i ke kō ke komo i nā cell. Ke emi nei ka nui o ke kō i loko o ke koko. Ma muli o kēia emi ʻana, ke hoʻokuʻu nei ka pancreas i ka insulin emi. ʻO ka glucose—he kō—kahi kumu nui o ka ikehu no nā cell e hana ana i nā ʻiʻo a me nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ke kaohi ʻana i ka glucose e komo pū ana i kēia mau mea: ʻElua mau kumu nui o ka glucose: ka meaʻai a me ke ate. Ke komo nei ka glucose i loko o ke koko, kahi e komo ai i nā cell me ke kōkua o ka insulin. Ke mālama a hana nei ke ate i ka glucose. Ke emi nei nā pae glucose, ke wāwahi nei ke ate i ka glycogen i mālama ʻia i loko o ka glucose e mālama i ka pae glucose o ke kino i loko o kahi laulā olakino. I ka maʻi diabetes type 2, ʻaʻole hana maikaʻi kēia kaʻina hana. Ma kahi o ka neʻe ʻana i loko o nā cell, ke kūkulu nei ke kō i loko o ke koko. Ke piʻi nei nā pae kō koko, ke hoʻokuʻu nei ka pancreas i ka insulin hou aku. I ka hopena, ua hōʻino ʻia nā cell i loko o ka pancreas e hana ana i ka insulin a ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i ka insulin lawa e hoʻokō i nā pono o ke kino.

Nā kumu e hoʻonui ai i ka pilikia o ka maʻi diabetes type 2: \n\n- Kaumaha. ʻO ka nui loa a i ʻole ka momona ke kumu nui. \n- Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka momona. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka momona ma ka ʻōpū - ma mua o nā hū a me nā ʻūhā - e hōʻike ana i ka pilikia nui aʻe. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka maʻi diabetes type 2 i nā kāne me ka puni pūhaka ma luna o 40 iniha (101.6 kenimika) a i nā wāhine me ke ana pūhaka ma luna o 35 iniha (88.9 kenimika). \n- ʻAʻohe hana. ʻO ka emi iki o ka hana a ke kanaka, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia. Kūleʻa ka hana kino i ka kaohi ʻana i ke kaumaha, hoʻohana i ka glucose ma ke ʻano he ikehu a hana i nā sela i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ka insulin. \n- Mōʻaukala ʻohana. Hoʻonui ka pilikia o ke kanaka i ka maʻi diabetes type 2 inā loaʻa i ka makua a i ka kaikaina ka maʻi diabetes type 2. \n- Lāhui a me ka lāhui. ʻOiai ʻaʻole maopopo ke kumu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe o kekahi mau lāhui a me nā lāhui - me nā kānaka ʻEleʻele, Hispanic, Native American a me nā kānaka ʻAsia, a me nā poʻe Pacific Islander - e loaʻa i ka maʻi diabetes type 2 ma mua o nā kānaka keʻokeʻo. \n- Nā kiʻekiʻe o ka momona koko. Hoʻopili ʻia ka pilikia nui me nā kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa o ka high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol - ka cholesterol "maikaʻi" - a me nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā triglycerides. \n- Makahiki. Hoʻonui ka pilikia o ka maʻi diabetes type 2 me ka makahiki, ʻoi aku ma hope o 35 mau makahiki. \n- Prediabetes. ʻO ka Prediabetes kahi kūlana kahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kō koko ma mua o ka maʻamau, akā ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokau inoa ʻia ma ke ʻano he maʻi diabetes. Inā waiho ʻole ʻia, e holomua pinepine ka prediabetes i ka maʻi diabetes type 2. \n- Nā pilikia e pili ana i ka hāpai keiki. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi diabetes type 2 i nā poʻe i loaʻa i ka gestational diabetes i ka wā hāpai a i nā poʻe i hānau i ke keiki ma mua o 9 paona (4 kilokalama). \n- Polycystic ovary syndrome. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka polycystic ovary syndrome - kahi kūlana i hōʻailona ʻia e nā manawa menstrual kūpono ʻole, ka ulu nui ʻana o ka lauoho a me ka momona - e hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka maʻi diabetes.

Hoʻopilikia ka maʻi diabetes type 2 i nā kino nui he nui, me ka naʻau, nā kīʻaha koko, nā aʻalolo, nā maka a me nā puʻupaʻa. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā mea e hoʻonui ai i ka pilikia o ka maʻi diabetes he mau mea pilikia no nā maʻi ʻē aʻe koʻikoʻi. Hiki i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes a me ka kaohi ʻana i ke kō koko ke hoʻoemi i ka pilikia no kēia mau pilikia a me nā kūlana lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, me: ka maʻi naʻau a me nā kīʻaha koko. Hoʻopili ʻia ka maʻi diabetes me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pilikia o ka maʻi naʻau, ka hahau ʻana, ke koko kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻana o nā kīʻaha koko, kahi kūlana i kapa ʻia ʻo atherosclerosis. Ka hōʻino ʻana o nā aʻalolo i nā lālā. Kīʻia kēia kūlana he neuropathy. Hiki i ke kō koko kiʻekiʻe ma ka manawa lōʻihi ke hōʻino a luku paha i nā aʻalolo. Hiki i kēlā ke hopena i ka tingling, numbness, burning, ʻeha a i ʻole ka nalowale hope loa o ka manaʻo e hoʻomaka maʻamau ma nā piko o nā manamana wāwae a i ʻole nā manamana lima a pālahalaha mālie i luna. Nā hōʻino ʻē aʻe o nā aʻalolo. Hiki i ka hōʻino ʻana i nā aʻalolo o ka naʻau ke hoʻopili i nā kūlana naʻau maʻamau ʻole. Hiki i ka hōʻino ʻana o nā aʻalolo i ka ʻōnaehana digestive ke hoʻokumu i nā pilikia me ka nausea, ka luaʻi, ka diarrhea a i ʻole ka constipation. Hiki nō hoʻi i ka hōʻino ʻana o nā aʻalolo ke hoʻokumu i ka erectile dysfunction. Ka maʻi puʻupaʻa. Hiki i ka maʻi diabetes ke alakaʻi i ka maʻi puʻupaʻa maʻi a i ʻole ka maʻi puʻupaʻa hope loa i hiki ʻole ke hoʻihoʻi. Hiki i kēlā ke koi i ka dialysis a i ʻole ka hoʻololi puʻupaʻa. Ka hōʻino ʻana o nā maka. Hoʻonui ka maʻi diabetes i ka pilikia o nā maʻi maka koʻikoʻi, e like me nā cataracts a me ka glaucoma, a hiki ke hōʻino i nā kīʻaha koko o ka retina, e alakaʻi ana i ka makapō. Nā kūlana ʻili. Hiki i ka maʻi diabetes ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o kekahi mau pilikia ʻili, me nā maʻi bacterial a me nā fungal. Ka hoʻōla lohi. Inā waiho ʻole ʻia, hiki i nā ʻoki a me nā blisters ke lilo i mau maʻi koʻikoʻi, kahi e hoʻōla maikaʻi ʻole ai. Hiki i ka hōʻino nui ke koi i ka ʻoki ʻana o ka manamana wāwae, ka wāwae a i ʻole ka wāwae. Ka hoʻolohe maikaʻi ʻole. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o nā pilikia lohe i nā poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes. Ka apnea hiamoe. He mea maʻamau ka obstructive sleep apnea i nā poʻe e noho ana me ka maʻi diabetes type 2. Hiki i ka momona ke kumu nui i nā kūlana ʻelua. Ka dementia. Me he mea lā e hoʻonui ana ka maʻi diabetes type 2 i ka pilikia o ka maʻi Alzheimer a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe e hoʻokumu ana i ka dementia. Hoʻopili ʻia ka kaohi maikaʻi ʻole o ke kō koko i ka hāʻule wikiwiki ʻana o ka hoʻomanaʻo a me nā mākau manaʻo ʻē aʻe.

Hiki i nā koho no ke ola kino maikaʻi ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes type 2. Inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hōʻailona o ka prediabetes, hiki i nā loli o ke ola ke hoʻolohi a hoʻopau paha i ka holomua i ka maʻi diabetes.

ʻO ke ola kino maikaʻi ke komo pū me:

• ʻAi i nā meaʻai olakino. E koho i nā meaʻai haʻahaʻa i ka momona a me nā calorie a kiʻekiʻe i ka fiber. E kau i ka manaʻo i nā hua, nā huaʻai a me nā huaola holoʻokoʻa.
• E hana ikaika. E pahuhopu no 150 mau minuke a ʻoi aku paha i ka hebedoma o ka hana aerobic waena a ikaika paha, e like me ka hele wikiwiki ʻana, ka holo paikikala, ka holo ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻauʻau.
• E lilo i ke kaumaha. Inā nui kou kaumaha, ʻo ka lilo ʻana i kahi kaumaha liʻiliʻi a mālama iā ia paha e hoʻolohi i ka holomua mai ka prediabetes i ka maʻi diabetes type 2. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka prediabetes, ʻo ka lilo ʻana o 7% a 10% paha o kou kaumaha kino e hiki ke hoʻemi i ka pilikia o ka maʻi diabetes.
• E pale aku i nā manawa lōʻihi o ka hana ʻole. ʻO ka noho mālie no nā manawa lōʻihi e hiki ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka maʻi diabetes type 2. E ho'āʻo e ala i kēlā me kēia 30 mau minuke a neʻe a puni no kekahi mau minuke. No nā kānaka me ka prediabetes, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia ka metformin (Fortamet, Glumetza, nā mea ʻē aʻe), kahi lāʻau lapaʻau diabetes, e hoʻemi i ka pilikia o ka maʻi diabetes type 2. Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia kēia no nā ʻelemakule kahiko i momona a hiki ʻole ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā pae kō koko me nā loli o ke ola.

Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia ka maʻi diabetes type 2 ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻokolohua glycated hemoglobin (A1C). Hōʻike kēia hoʻokolohua koko i kou kiʻekiʻe kō koko awelika no nā mahina ʻelua a ʻekolu i hala. E wehewehe ʻia nā hopena e like me kēia:

• Ma lalo o 5.7% he maʻamau.
• 5.7% a 6.4% e ʻike ʻia he prediabetes.
• 6.5% a ʻoi aku paha ma nā hoʻokolohua ʻelua kaʻawale e hōʻike ana i ka maʻi diabetes.

Inā ʻaʻohe hoʻokolohua A1C, a i ʻole inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau kūlana e hoʻopilikia i kahi hoʻokolohua A1C, hiki i kāu mea lawelawe ola ke hoʻohana i nā hoʻokolohua e hōʻoia i ka maʻi diabetes:

Hoʻokolohua kō koko Fasting. Lawe ʻia kahi laʻana koko ma hope o kou ʻai ʻole ʻana i ka pō. E wehewehe ʻia nā hopena e like me kēia:

• ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) ua manaʻo ʻia he olakino.
• 100 a 125 mg/dL (5.6 a 6.9 mmol/L) e ʻike ʻia he prediabetes.
• 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) a ʻoi aku paha ma nā hoʻokolohua ʻelua kaʻawale e ʻike ʻia he maʻi diabetes.

Hoʻokolohua hoʻomanawanui glucose Oral. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia hoʻokolohua ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, koe wale nō i ka wā hāpai. Pono ʻoe e ʻai ʻole no kahi manawa, a laila inu i ka wai momona ma ke keʻena o kāu mea lawelawe ola. A laila e hoʻokolohua ʻia nā kiʻekiʻe kō koko i kēlā me kēia manawa no ʻelua hola. E wehewehe ʻia nā hopena e like me kēia:

• ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) ma hope o ʻelua hola ua manaʻo ʻia he olakino.
• 140 a 199 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L a me 11.0 mmol/L) e ʻike ʻia he prediabetes.
• 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) a ʻoi aku paha ma hope o ʻelua hola e hōʻike ana i ka maʻi diabetes.

Nānā. Ke paipai nei ka American Diabetes Association i ka nānā maʻamau me nā hoʻokolohua hōʻoia no ka maʻi diabetes type 2 i nā mākua a pau i 35 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha a i nā hui penei:

• Nā kānaka ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 35 mau makahiki i kaumaha nui a momona a loaʻa iā lākou hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā pilikia e pili ana i ka maʻi diabetes.
• Nā wāhine i loaʻa ka maʻi gestational diabetes.
• Nā kānaka i ʻike ʻia he prediabetes.
• Nā keiki i kaumaha nui a momona a loaʻa iā lākou ka mōʻaukala ʻohana o ka maʻi diabetes type 2 a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia ʻē aʻe.

Inā ʻike ʻia ʻoe he maʻi diabetes, hiki i kāu mea lawelawe ola ke hana i nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o ka maʻi diabetes type 1 a me ka type 2, no ka mea, pinepine nā kūlana ʻelua e pono ai nā lāʻau lapaʻau like ʻole.

E hoʻokolohua kāu mea lawelawe ola i nā pae A1C ma kahi o ʻelua manawa i ka makahiki a i ka wā e loaʻa ai nā loli i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Hoʻololi nā pahuhopu A1C ma muli o ka makahiki a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. No ka hapa nui o nā kānaka, ke paipai nei ka American Diabetes Association i kahi pae A1C ma lalo o 7%.

Loaʻa nō hoʻi iā ʻoe nā hoʻokolohua e nānā i nā pilikia o ka maʻi diabetes a me nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe.