He aha ka Testicle Undescended? Nā Hōʻailona, Nā Kumu, & Lapaʻau

Hana ʻia ka testicle undescended i ka wā ʻaʻole i iho nā testicle hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha i loko o ka scrotum ma mua o ka hānau ʻana. ʻO kēia kūlana, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo cryptorchidism, e pili ana i kahi 3-4% o nā keiki kāne piha-manawa a ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻokoʻa hānau maʻamau loa e pili ana i nā ʻāpana hanau kāne.

I ka wā o ka hoʻomohala maʻamau, hana ʻia nā testicles i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka pēpē a iho mālie i loko o ka scrotum i nā mahina hope o ka hāpai ʻana. I ka wā ʻaʻole i hoʻopau ʻia kēia huakaʻi kūlohelohe, noho ka testicle ma kekahi wahi ma ke ala ma waena o ka ʻōpū a me ka scrotum.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka testicle undescended?

ʻO ka hōʻailona nui he pololei loa - ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi testicle hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha ma ko lākou wahi i manaʻo ʻia ma ka scrotum. I kou hoʻokolokolo mālie ʻana i ka scrotum, hiki paha ke ʻike ʻia he hakahaka a liʻiliʻi paha ma kekahi ʻaoʻao i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kekahi.

ʻAʻole ʻike ka hapa nui o nā pēpē me kēia kūlana i ka ʻeha a i ʻole ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole. ʻAʻole maʻamau ka testicle undescended i kekahi pilikia olakino koke, ʻo ia ke kumu i ʻike mua ai ka nui o nā mākua iā ia i ka wā o ka hoʻololi lole a i ʻole ka ʻauʻau ʻana.

I kekahi manawa hiki paha iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, hiki ke neʻe i ka wahi groin kahi i noho ai ka testicle undescended. He palupalu maʻamau kēia ʻāpana a ʻaʻohe ʻeha ke pā.

He aha nā ʻano o ka testicle undescended?

Aia kekahi mau ʻano ma muli o kahi i hoʻopau ai ka testicle i kona huakaʻi i lalo. Ke kōkua nei ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau ʻokoʻa i nā kauka e hoʻolālā i ke ala lapaʻau maikaʻi loa no kēlā me kēia keiki.

• Testicle Retractile: Ua iho pono ka testicle akā huki hou ʻia i luna i loko o ka groin ma muli o ka reflex muscle overactive
• Testicle Inguinal: Hoʻopau ka testicle ma kekahi wahi i ka wahi groin, pinepine e like me kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi
• Testicle Abdominal: Noho ka testicle i loko o ka ʻōpū a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai waho
• Testicle Ectopic: Iho ka testicle akā pau i kahi wahi maʻamau ʻole, e like me ka ʻūhā a i ʻole ke kumu o ka penis

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hihia e pili ana i hoʻokahi testicle wale nō, ʻoiai hiki ke undescended nā testicles ʻelua ma kahi o 10% o nā hihia. Ke kōkua nei ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o kēia mau ʻano i kāu kauka e hoʻoholo ai inā hiki paha i ka testicle ke iho ma kona iho a pono paha i ka hoʻoponopono lapaʻau.

He aha ka mea e hana ai i ka testicle undescended?

ʻAʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia ke kumu pololei, akā hiki i kekahi mau mea ke hoʻopilikia i ka iho maʻamau o ka testicle i ka wā hāpai. E noʻonoʻo iā ia e like me kahi kaʻina hana paʻakikī i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole i hoʻopau ʻia e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia.

Ke pāʻani nei nā mea hormonal i kahi kuleana nui i ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā testicles i lalo. Inā ʻaʻole hana ʻia kekahi mau hormones e like me ka testosterone a i ʻole ka hormone insulin-like i nā nui lawa, ʻaʻole paha e loaʻa i ka testicle nā hōʻailona kūpono e iho.

Hoʻonui ka hānau mua i ka hiki ke loaʻa, ʻoiai e hana maʻamau nā testicles i ko lākou iho hope loa i nā mahina ʻelua hope o ka hāpai ʻana. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i nā pēpē i hānau ʻia ma mua o 37 mau wiki ka manawa piha no kēia kaʻina hana kūlohelohe e hoʻopau.

Hiki i kekahi mau kūlana genetic ke hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka iho ʻana o ka testicle. ʻO kēia mau mea e komo pū ana i nā maʻi chromosomal a i ʻole nā ​​syndromes i hoʻoilina ʻia e hoʻopilikia i ka hana hormone a i ʻole ka hoʻomohala kino o nā ʻāpana hanau.

Hiki i nā mea pale kino a i ʻole ka hoʻomohala maʻamau ʻole o ke ala mai ka ʻōpū a i ka scrotum ke pale aku i ka iho maʻamau. I kekahi manawa ʻaʻole lawa ka laulā o ke kahawai kūlohelohe a i ʻole ʻaʻole i hana pono i ka wā hāpai mua.

I ka wā e ʻike ai i ke kauka no ka testicle undescended?

Pono ʻoe e nānā ʻia kāu pēpē e kekahi pediatrician i loko o nā mahina mua o ke ola inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi scrotum hakahaka a hapa hakahaka paha. Ke kōkua nei ka loiloi mua e hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o nā ʻano like ʻole a hoʻoholo i ke ala kiaʻi maikaʻi loa.

Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o kāu keiki ma mua o ʻeono mahina a loaʻa nō ka testicle undescended, ua hiki ka manawa e kūkā me kahi pediatric urologist. I kēia makahiki, ʻaʻole paha e hiki mai ka iho kūlohelohe, a pono paha ka hoʻoponopono lapaʻau.

E ʻimi i ka nānā lapaʻau koke inā ʻike ʻoe i ka ʻeha koke, pehu, a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻololi kala paha i ka wahi groin a i ʻole scrotum. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke hōʻike i nā pilikia e like me ka testicular torsion, kahi e pono ai ka lapaʻau pilikia.

Liʻiliʻi nā hālāwai kūkākūkā maʻamau i mea nui i ka ulu ʻana o kāu keiki. E kiaʻi kāu kauka i ke kūlana o ka testicle a e nānā i nā hōʻailona o nā pilikia i ka wā o nā nānā maʻamau.

He aha nā mea pilikia no ka testicle undescended?

ʻO kekahi mau mea i ka wā hāpai a me ka hānau ʻana hiki ke hoʻonui i ka manawa o kēia kūlana e ulu ana. Ke kōkua nei ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau mea pilikia e wehewehe i ke kumu e ʻoi aku ai ka nui o kekahi mau pēpē.

• Hānau mua: Loaʻa i nā pēpē i hānau ʻia ma mua o 37 mau wiki nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ʻoiai e iho nā testicles i ka hopena o ka hāpai ʻana
• Kaumaha hānau haʻahaʻa: ʻOi aku ka nui o nā pēpē liʻiliʻi, me ka nānā ʻole i ka makahiki gestational
• Mōʻaukala ʻohana: Ke hoʻonui nei ka loaʻa ʻana o ka makuakāne a i ʻole ke kaikuaʻana me nā testicles undescended
• Ka maʻi maʻi o ka makuahine: Hiki i ka maʻi maʻi i kaohi ʻole ʻia i ka wā hāpai ke hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻomohala fetal
• Ka puhipaka a i ʻole ka inu waiʻona o ka makuahine: Hiki i kēia mau mea ke hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻomohala fetal maʻamau
• Hōʻike ʻia i kekahi mau kemika: Hiki i kekahi mau pesticides a me nā kemika ʻoihana ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia

ʻAʻole hōʻoia ka loaʻa ʻana o hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā mea pilikia e loaʻa i kāu pēpē nā testicles undescended. Ua ulu maʻamau ka nui o nā pēpē me nā mea pilikia he nui, ʻoiai hiki i nā mea ʻē aʻe me nā mea pilikia ʻike ʻole ʻia ke loaʻa nō hoʻi.

He aha nā pilikia hiki ke loaʻa o ka testicle undescended?

ʻOiai ʻaʻole hana nā testicles undescended i nā pilikia koke, hiki i ka waiho ʻana iā lākou me ka mālama ʻole ʻia ke alakaʻi i kekahi mau hopohopo i ka ulu ʻana o kāu keiki. ʻO ka lono maikaʻi, ʻo ka mālama mua e pale aku i ka hapa nui o kēia mau pilikia.

ʻO nā pilikia momona ka pilikia lōʻihi loa. Pono nā testicles i ka mahana anuanu o ka scrotum e hana i nā sperm olakino ma hope i ke ola. I ka wā e noho ai nā testicles i kahi mahana mahana o ka ʻōpū a i ʻole ka groin, hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia ka hana sperm.

Hoʻonui iki ka pilikia kanesa, ʻoiai e noho haʻahaʻa loa ia ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa. Loaʻa i nā kāne me ka mōʻaukala o nā testicles undescended kahi 3-5 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi kanesa testicular i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kāne me kēia kūlana ʻole.

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka testicular torsion i ka wā ʻaʻole i kūpono nā testicles i loko o ka scrotum. Hana ʻia kēia kūlana ʻeha i ka wā e wili ai ka testicle ma kona lako koko, e pono ai ka ʻoki pilikia e pale aku i ka pōʻino mau loa.

Pinepine nā hernia inguinal me nā testicles undescended. Hiki i ka puka like e ʻae i ka iho ʻana o ka testicle ke ʻae i nā mea ʻōpū e puka i loko o ka wahi groin, e hana ana i ka hernia e pono paha ke hoʻoponopono ʻoki.

Hiki ke ulu nā hopena psychological inā ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia ke kūlana ma mua o ka makahiki kula. Hiki i nā keiki ke manaʻo hopohopo e pili ana i ko lākou helehelena, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā o nā hana e like me ka ʻauʻau a i ʻole nā ​​haʻuki e pili ana i ka hoʻololi lole.

Pehea e pale aku ai i ka testicle undescended?

ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻohe ala hilinaʻi e pale aku ai i nā testicles undescended ʻoiai e loaʻa pinepine ke kūlana mai nā kaʻina hana hoʻomohala paʻakikī i ka wā hāpai. Eia naʻe, hiki i ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino makuahine holoʻokoʻa ke kākoʻo i ka hoʻomohala fetal maʻamau.

Ke kōkua nei ka lawe ʻana i nā huaora prenatal a me ka hahai ʻana i nā ʻōlelo a kāu kauka i ka wā hāpai e hōʻoia i nā kūlana kūpono no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kāu pēpē. ʻO ka folic acid, ma ke ʻano kūikawā, ke kākoʻo nei i ka hana pono o nā ʻāpana hanau.

Ke hōʻemi nei ka pale ʻana i nā mea ʻino e like me ka paka, ka waiʻona, a me nā lāʻau hoʻonāukiuki i ka wā hāpai i nā pilikia o nā pilikia hoʻomohala like ʻole. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke hoʻopilikia i nā hōʻailona hormonal e alakaʻi i ka iho ʻana o ka testicle.

Ke kōkua nei ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana maʻi e like me ka maʻi maʻi ma mua a i ka wā hāpai e hana i kahi ʻano olakino maikaʻi no ka hoʻomohala fetal. Ke hōʻemi nei nā pae kō koko i kaohi ʻia i nā pilikia o nā ʻokoʻa hānau he nui.

Pehea ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka testicle undescended?

Hoʻomaka maʻamau ka hōʻoia ʻana me kahi nānā kino e ke kauka o kāu keiki. E ʻike mālie ke kauka i ka scrotum a me ka wahi groin e ʻike i ka testicle a hoʻoholo i kona kūlana.

I kekahi manawa, ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o nā testicles undescended maoli a me nā testicles retractile e pono ai ka nānā pono. Hiki ke alakaʻi mālie ʻia nā testicles retractile i loko o ka scrotum a e noho ma laila no kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea undescended ke hana.

Hiki ke pono nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi e like me ka ultrasound inā ʻaʻole hiki i ke kauka ke ʻike i ka testicle i ka wā o ka nānā kino. Ke kōkua nei kēia mau hoʻokolohua e hoʻoholo inā aia ka testicle i ka ʻōpū, groin, a i ʻole ʻaʻole loa.

I nā hihia kakaikahi kahi ʻaʻole hāʻawi nā kiʻi i nā pane maopopo, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ka laparoscopy. Ke hoʻohana nei kēia kaʻina hana liʻiliʻi i kahi kamera liʻiliʻi e nānā i loko o ka ʻōpū a ʻike i ka testicle.

I kekahi manawa, he mea kōkua nā hoʻokolohua koko e ana i nā pae hormone, ʻoi aku hoʻi inā undescended nā testicles ʻelua. Hiki i kēia mau hoʻokolohua ke hōʻike inā e hana maʻamau ana nā testicles i nā hormones.

He aha ka lapaʻau no ka testicle undescended?

Ke hilinaʻi nei ke ala lapaʻau i ka makahiki o kāu keiki a me ke kūlana o ka testicle. ʻO ka pahuhopu, ʻo ia ke neʻe i ka testicle i kona kūlana kūpono i loko o ka scrotum ma mua o ka ulu ʻana o nā pilikia.

No nā pēpē ma lalo o ʻeono mahina, manaʻo pinepine nā kauka i ka kali makaʻala ʻoiai e iho pinepine nā testicles i ka wā o nā mahina mua o ke ola. Ke kiaʻi nei nā nānā maʻamau i ka holomua i kēia manawa.

Hana ka lapaʻau hormone me nā inikini o ka human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) i kekahi mau hihia, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā kokoke nā testicles i ka scrotum. Eia naʻe, ʻokoʻa nā helu holomua a ʻaʻole maikaʻi kēia ala i nā manawa a pau.

Pono ka lapaʻau ʻoki ʻia i kapa ʻia ʻo orchiopexy i ka wā ʻaʻole hana nā ala ʻē aʻe. Ke neʻe nei kēia kaʻina hana i ka testicle i loko o ka scrotum a hoʻopaʻa iā ia i kahi kūlana kūpono. Manaʻo ka hapa nui o nā kauka e hana i kēia ʻoki ma waena o 6-18 mau mahina o ka makahiki.

No nā testicles i loaʻa i luna i ka ʻōpū, pono paha kahi ala ʻoki ʻelua-kahua. Ke lawe mai nei ka ʻoki mua i ka testicle i lalo, a hoʻopau ke kahua lua i ka neʻe ʻana i loko o ka scrotum i nā mahina he nui ma hope.

I nā hihia kakaikahi kahi i hoʻomohala loa ʻia a i ʻole ʻaʻole loa ka testicle, hiki i ke kauka ke ʻōlelo aku i ka wehe ʻana a me ka waiho ʻana paha i kahi testicle prosthetic no nā kumu hoʻonaninani i ka wā e ʻoi aku ka nui o ke keiki.

Pehea e hāʻawi ai i ka mālama home i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana o ka testicle undescended?

Ma mua o ka ʻoki ʻana, ʻaʻole pono maʻamau ka mālama home kūikawā ʻoiai ʻaʻole hana nā testicles undescended i ka ʻeha a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia koke. E hoʻomau wale me nā hana ʻauʻau a me ka hoʻololi diaper maʻamau.

Ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana o ka orchiopexy, ke kōkua nei ka mālama ʻana i ka wahi incision maʻemaʻe a maloʻo e pale aku i ka maʻi. E hāʻawi kāu kauka i nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi kūikawā e pili ana i ka ʻauʻau a me ka mālama ʻeha i ka wā hoʻōla.

ʻO ka mālama ʻeha maʻamau e komo pū ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma luna o ka counter e like me ka acetaminophen a i ʻole ibuprofen e like me ka ʻōlelo a kāu kauka. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā keiki e ʻike wale i ka ʻoluʻolu iki no kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana.

Hiki ke pili nā palena hana no kekahi mau wiki ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana e pale aku i ka hoʻoikaika ma ka wahi ʻoki. E aʻo aku kāu kauka i ka wā e hiki ai i kāu keiki ke hoʻi i nā hana maʻamau e like me ka holo ʻana, ka lele ʻana, a i ʻole ka holo kaʻa.

E nānā i nā hōʻailona o nā pilikia e like me ka pehu nui, ʻulaʻula, kuni, a i ʻole ka ʻeha mau. E hoʻokaʻaʻike i kāu mea mālama olakino inā ʻike ʻoe i nā hoʻololi hopohopo i ka wā hoʻōla.

Pehea ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau ai no kāu hālāwai kauka?

E kākau i lalo i nā nīnau a i ʻole nā ​​hopohopo āu e loaʻa ai e pili ana i ke kūlana o kāu keiki ma mua o ka hālāwai. Ke kōkua nei kēia e hōʻoia ʻaʻole ʻoe e poina i nā kumuhana nui āu e makemake ai e kūkākūkā me ke kauka.

E lawe mai i kahi papa inoa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻohui āu e lawe ai i kāu keiki, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ma nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau ka hapa nui o nā pēpē a me nā keiki liʻiliʻi. E haʻi pū i nā allergies a i ʻole nā ​​hopena ma mua i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole nā ​​mālama.

E hoʻomākaukau e kūkākūkā i kāu mōʻaukala ʻohana, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā hoahānau i loaʻa nā testicles undescended a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia ʻē aʻe o ka ʻōnaehana hanau. Ke kōkua nei kēia ʻike i ke kauka e hoʻomaopopo i nā mea pilikia genetic.

E noʻonoʻo e lawe mai i kāu hoa a i ʻole kahi ʻohana kākoʻo i ka hālāwai. Ke kōkua nei ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi kanaka ʻē aʻe e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo i nā ʻike nui a hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo manaʻo i ka wā o nā kūkākūkā e pili ana i nā koho lapaʻau.

Mai kānalua e nīnau e pili ana i ka ʻike o ke kauka me ka orchiopexy inā ʻōlelo ʻia ka ʻoki ʻana. E nīnau e pili ana i nā helu holomua, nā pilikia hiki ke loaʻa, a me ka mea e manaʻo ai i ka wā hoʻōla.

He aha ka mea nui e pili ana i ka testicle undescended?

ʻO ka testicle undescended kahi kūlana maʻamau a hiki ke mālama ʻia e pilikia ana i nā keiki kāne he nui. ʻOiai e pono ai ka nānā lapaʻau, maikaʻi loa ka manaʻo i ka wā i mālama pono ʻia me ka mālama manawa.

Ke pale nei ka ʻike mua a me ka mālama kūpono i ka hapa nui o nā pilikia lōʻihi. Loaʻa ka holomua kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻoki ʻana, me ka hapa nui o nā keiki e hele ana i ka olakino hanau maʻamau a me ka hoʻomohala.

E hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole hōʻike ka loaʻa ʻana o ka testicle undescended i kekahi mea āu i hana ai a i ʻole ʻaʻole i hana ai i ka wā hāpai. Ke loaʻa nei kēia kūlana mai nā kaʻina hana hoʻomohala paʻakikī i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole i hoʻopau ʻia e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia.

E hilinaʻi i kāu hui mālama olakino a mai kānalua e nīnau i nā nīnau e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana o kāu keiki. Ke hōʻoia nei ka kamaʻilio ākea e hoʻomaopopo ʻoe i ka hoʻolālā lapaʻau a manaʻo hilinaʻi e pili ana i nā hoʻoholo e hana ʻia.

Nā nīnau i nīnau pinepine ʻia e pili ana i ka testicle undescended

E hiki anei i kaʻu keiki ke loaʻa nā keiki maʻamau inā loaʻa iā ia ka testicle undescended?

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā keikikāne e loaʻa ana ka mālama kūpono no nā testicles undescended e hele ana i ka momona maʻamau. ʻO ka hoʻoponopono ʻoki mua, ma mua o 2 mau makahiki, e hāʻawi i ka manawa maikaʻi loa no ka hana sperm maʻamau ma hope i ke ola. ʻO nā kāne me ka mōʻaukala o nā testicles undescended bilateral pinepine e hānau i nā keiki ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe, ʻoiai hiki ke haʻahaʻa iki nā helu momona ma mua o ka awelika.

Pono mau anei ka ʻoki ʻana no nā testicles undescended?

ʻAʻole pono mau ka ʻoki ʻana koke, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā pēpē liʻiliʻi loa. Manaʻo pinepine nā kauka e kali a hiki i 6 mau mahina o ka makahiki ʻoiai e iho pinepine nā testicles i ka wā o nā mahina mua o ke ola. Eia naʻe, inā ʻaʻole i iho ka testicle ma 6-12 mau mahina, lilo ka ʻoki ʻana i ka mālama ʻōlelo ʻia e pale aku i nā pilikia i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

Hiki i nā testicles undescended ke hana i ka ʻeha i nā keiki?

ʻAʻole maʻamau nā testicles undescended i ka ʻeha i nā keiki liʻiliʻi. Eia naʻe, hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mea nāwaliwali i ka hōʻeha ʻoiai ʻaʻole i pale ʻia lākou e ka scrotum. Hiki i ka ʻeha koke a nui ke hōʻike i ka testicular torsion, kahi e pono ai ka nānā lapaʻau koke. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole e pili ana i kēia kūlana e hana ma hope o ka ʻoki hoʻoponopono i ka wā hoʻōla pōkole.

Pehea ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻōla ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana o ka orchiopexy?

Hoʻōla ka hapa nui o nā keiki mai ka ʻoki ʻana o ka orchiopexy i loko o 1-2 mau wiki. ʻO nā lā mua e komo pū ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻeha iki me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma luna o ka counter, a hiki i nā keiki ke hoʻi i nā hana maʻamau i loko o 2-3 mau wiki. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hāpai kaumaha, ka pāʻani ʻino, a me nā hana straddle e like me ka holo kaʻa no kahi o 4-6 mau wiki e ʻae i ka hoʻōla pono.

He aha ka mea e hana ai inā waiho ʻia nā testicles undescended me ka mālama ʻole ʻia?

Ke alakaʻi nei ka waiho ʻana i nā testicles undescended me ka mālama ʻole ʻia i kekahi mau pilikia e komo pū ana i ka momona emi, ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pilikia kanesa, ka manawa kiʻekiʻe o ka testicular torsion, a me nā hopena psychological hiki ke loaʻa i ka wā e ulu ai ke keiki. Ke hoʻonui nei ka pilikia o kēia mau pilikia me ka makahiki, ʻo ia ke kumu e ʻōlelo ai nā kauka i ka mālama ʻana ma mua o 2 mau makahiki i ka wā hiki.