Nā Apo Koko

Nā apo koko

Hana ʻia kahi apo koko ke hana kekahi ʻāpana o ke kumu nui o ke koko o ke kino, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka aortic arch, a i ʻole kona mau lālā i kahi apo a puni ka trachea a i ʻole ka esophagus a i ʻole nā ​​ʻelua. Hōʻike ʻia kahi naʻau maʻamau ma ka hema. Hōʻike ʻia kahi laʻana o kahi apo koko - kahi aortic arch pālua - ma ka ʻākau.

He pilikia naʻau kahi apo koko i loaʻa i ka wā hānau. ʻO ia hoʻi, he hemahema naʻau congenital ia. I kēia kūlana, hana kekahi ʻāpana o ke kumu nui o ke koko o ke kino a i ʻole kona mau lālā i kahi apo a puni ka puka ea, ka paipu ʻai a i ʻole nā ​​ʻelua.

• ʻO ke kumu nui o ke koko o ke kino ka aorta. Hoʻopilikia ka kūlana i ka ʻāpana o ka aorta i kapa ʻia ʻo ka aortic arch.
• ʻO ka paipu ʻai e alakaʻi mai ka waha a i ka ʻōpū. Kī ʻia ʻo ia he esophagus.
• Kī ʻia hoʻi ka puka ea he trachea.

Hiki i kahi apo koko ke piha a i ʻole hapa.

• Kahi apo koko piha e hana i kahi apo a puni ka esophagus a me ka trachea.
• Kahi apo koko hapa ʻaʻole e hele a puni ka esophagus a i ʻole ka trachea.

Pono pinepine ka ʻoki kino e mālama i kahi apo koko.

Hōʻailona o kahi apo kīʻaha koko paha:

• Maʻi hanu pinepine.
• Wheezing.
• Kūikui.
• Pilikia i ka ʻai ʻana.
• Paʻakikī i ka hānai ʻana.
• Luaʻi.

Loaʻa paha i kekahi poʻe i hānau ʻia me kahi apo kīʻaha koko nā pilikia naʻau ʻē aʻe i ka hānau ʻana. Kaukaʻi nā hōʻailona kikoʻī ma ke ʻano o nā pilikia naʻau i loaʻa.

Hana ka mea lawelawe ola kino i kahi hoʻokolohua kino a nīnau i nā nīnau e pili ana i nā hōʻailona. Loaʻa paha nā hoʻokolohua i hana ʻia e ʻike i kahi apo kīʻaha koko:

• Nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi. Hiki i kahi X-ray umauma ke hōʻike i nā loli i ka puka ea e hōʻike paha i kahi apo kīʻaha koko. Hiki i ka hoʻokolohua ke hōʻike pū i ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino o ka ʻāʻī aortic.

Hiki i nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi ʻē aʻe ke komo pū me ka echocardiogram, kahi CT angiogram a i ʻole kahi MRI scan. Hiki i nā mea lawelawe ola kino ke hoʻohana i kēia mau hoʻokolohua e hoʻolālā i ka mālama.

• Barium swallow. Hoʻokomo kēia hoʻokolohua i ka ʻai ʻana i kahi mea i kapa ʻia ʻo barium. Lawe ʻia nā X-rays e ʻike i ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea mai ka waha a i ka ʻōpū. Hiki i ka hoʻokolohua ke hōʻike i nā loli i ke ʻano o ka esophagus i hana ʻia paha e nā apo kīʻaha koko.
• Upper endoscopy. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi paipu lōʻihi, palupalu me kahi kāmela e nānā i ka esophagus. Kāhea ʻia ka mea hana he endoscope. Hoʻokomo ka mea lawelawe ola kino iā ia ma o ka waha a i loko o ka ʻāʻī. Hoʻouna kahi kāmela liʻiliʻi ma ka piko i nā kiʻi i kahi monitor wikiō.
• Bronchoscopy. I kēia hoʻokolohua, hoʻokomo ka mea lawelawe ola kino i kahi paipu liʻiliʻi, palupalu ma o ka waha a i ʻole ka ihu i loko o nā māmā. ʻAe kahi kukui a me kahi kāmela liʻiliʻi i hoʻopili ʻia i ka paipu i ka mea lawelawe e ʻike i loko o ka puka ea a me nā ala ea o nā māmā. Hiki i kēia hoʻokolohua ke hōʻike inā ke paʻi nei kahi apo kīʻaha koko i ka trachea.

Nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi. Hiki i kahi X-ray umauma ke hōʻike i nā loli i ka puka ea e hōʻike paha i kahi apo kīʻaha koko. Hiki i ka hoʻokolohua ke hōʻike pū i ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino o ka ʻāʻī aortic.

Hiki i nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi ʻē aʻe ke komo pū me ka echocardiogram, kahi CT angiogram a i ʻole kahi MRI scan. Hiki i nā mea lawelawe ola kino ke hoʻohana i kēia mau hoʻokolohua e hoʻolālā i ka mālama.

Kaukaʻi ke ʻano kikoʻī o ka ʻoki kino ma ke ʻano o nā pilikia naʻau i loaʻa.

Pono nā kānaka i hānau ʻia me kahi apo kīʻaha koko i nā nānā ola kino maʻamau no ke ola e pale aku i nā pilikia.

Ua pane ke kauka naʻau pediatric ʻo Jonathan Johnson, M.D., i nā nīnau i nīnau pinepine ʻia e pili ana i nā hemahema naʻau i hānau ʻia i nā keiki.

Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano liʻiliʻi loa o ka maʻi naʻau i hānau ʻia, e like me nā puka liʻiliʻi loa i loko o ka naʻau a i ʻole ka stenosis palupalu loa o nā valve naʻau like ʻole, ke pono wale nō e hahai ʻia i kēlā me kēia mau makahiki me kekahi ʻano o ka noiʻi kiʻi e like me ka echocardiogram. Hiki i nā ʻano nui aʻe o ka maʻi naʻau i hānau ʻia ke koi i ka ʻoki kino e hiki ke hana ʻia ma o ka ʻoki naʻau ākea, a i ʻole hiki ke hana ʻia i loko o ka lumi catheterization naʻau me nā hāmeʻa like ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano like ʻole. I loko o kekahi mau kūlana koʻikoʻi loa, inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia ka ʻoki kino, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia ka transplant.

ʻO nā hōʻailona kūikawā e loaʻa paha i kahi keiki inā loaʻa iā lākou ka maʻi naʻau i hānau ʻia, hilinaʻi maoli ia i ka makahiki o ke keiki. No nā pēpē, ʻo kā lākou kumu nui loa o ka hoʻolilo caloric ʻo ia maoli nō ia i ka wā e ʻai ai. A no laila, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi naʻau i hānau ʻia a i ʻole ka hāʻule naʻau e hele mai maoli nō ia i ka wā e ʻai ai lākou. Hiki i kēia ke komo pū me ka pōkole o ka hanu, ka paʻakikī o ka hanu, a i ʻole ka hou ʻana i ka wā e hānai ai lākou. E hōʻike pinepine nā keiki ʻōpio i nā hōʻailona e pili ana i kā lākou ʻōnaehana ʻōpū. Loaʻa paha iā lākou ka nausea, ka luaʻi ʻana me ka ʻai ʻana, a loaʻa paha iā lākou kēlā mau hōʻailona me ka hana pū kekahi. ʻO nā ʻōpio ʻōpio, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, e hōʻike pinepine i nā hōʻailona e like me ka ʻeha umauma, ka hiolo ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​palpitations. Loaʻa paha iā lākou nā hōʻailona i ka wā o ka hoʻoikaika kino a i ʻole ka hana. A ʻo ia maoli nō ka hōʻailona ʻulaʻula nui loa iaʻu ma ke ʻano he kauka naʻau. Inā lohe au e pili ana i kahi keiki, ʻoi aku hoʻi kahi ʻōpio i loaʻa i ka ʻeha umauma, a i ʻole i hiolo me ka hana a i ʻole me ka hoʻoikaika kino, pono maoli wau e ʻike i kēlā keiki a pono wau e hōʻoia e loaʻa iā lākou kahi hana kūpono.

I ka manawa pinepine i wā i ʻike hou ʻia ai kāu keiki me ka maʻi naʻau i hānau ʻia, he mea paʻakikī ke hoʻomanaʻo i nā mea a pau i ʻōlelo ʻia iā ʻoe i kēlā kipa mua. Hiki iā ʻoe ke pīhoihoi i ka lohe ʻana i kēia lono. A i ka manawa pinepine ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo i nā mea a pau. No laila, he mea nui ia i nā kipa hahai e nīnau i kēia mau ʻano nīnau. Pehea ka ʻano o kaʻu mau makahiki ʻelima e hiki mai ana? Aia kekahi mau kaʻina hana e pono ai i loko o kēlā mau makahiki ʻelima? Kekahi mau ʻoki kino? He aha ke ʻano o ka hoʻokolohua, he aha ke ʻano o ka hahai, he aha ke ʻano o nā kipa halemai e pono ai? He aha ka manaʻo o kēia no nā hana a kāu keiki, nā haʻuki, a me nā mea like ʻole āna e makemake ai e hana i kēlā me kēia lā. A ʻo ka mea nui loa, pehea kākou e hana pū ai e hiki ai i kēia keiki ke ola maʻamau e like me ka hiki ke ʻole me kēlā ʻike o ka maʻi naʻau i hānau ʻia.

Pono ʻoe e nīnau i kāu kauka i ke ʻano o nā kaʻina hana e pono ai no kēia ʻano o ka maʻi naʻau i hānau ʻia i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Hiki ke hana ʻia lākou me ka ʻoki naʻau ākea, a i ʻole hiki ke hana ʻia me ka catheterization naʻau. No ka ʻoki naʻau ākea, he mea nui ke nīnau i kāu kauka e pili ana i ka manawa o kēlā ʻoki kino. No nā ʻano like ʻole, kūikawā o ka maʻi naʻau i hānau ʻia, aia maoli nā manawa i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana i ka ʻoki kino ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe e loaʻa ai ka hopena maikaʻi loa, pōkole a lōʻihi hoʻi no kēlā keiki. No laila, e nīnau i kāu kauka inā aia kahi manawa kūikawā e hana maikaʻi ai no kēlā maʻi kūikawā a no kāu keiki.

ʻO kēia maoli nō ka nīnau pinepine loa aʻu e loaʻa mai nā mākua a me nā keiki ma hope o kā mākou ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi naʻau i hānau ʻia. He mea nui loa nā haʻuki i ka nui o ke ola o kēia mau keiki, i kā lākou mau hui hoaaloha a me ke ʻano o kā lākou launa pū ʻana me kā lākou mau kaiāulu. I ka hapa nui o nā ʻano o ka maʻi naʻau i hānau ʻia, hana mākou i kā mākou mea maikaʻi loa e hoʻāʻo e ʻike i kahi ala e hiki ai iā lākou ke komo mau. Aia kekahi mau ʻano o ka maʻi naʻau i hānau ʻia, akā naʻe, kahi ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia kekahi mau haʻuki. No ka laʻana, no kekahi o kā mākou poʻe maʻi, loaʻa paha iā lākou kekahi ʻano o kahi syndrome genetic e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i nā paia o kā lākou mau arteries. A ʻo kēlā mau mea maʻi, ʻaʻole mākou makemake iā lākou e hāpai kaumaha a i ʻole e hana i kekahi ʻano o kaomi kaumaha e hiki ke hoʻonui i kēlā mau arteries a hiki ke haki. I ka hapa nui o nā hihia, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i kahi ala e hiki ai i nā keiki ke pāʻani i nā haʻuki ā lākou e aloha ai i kēlā me kēia lā.

No kā mākou poʻe maʻi i loaʻa ka maʻi naʻau i hānau ʻia, i ka wā e ulu ai lākou, pinepine mākou e aʻo aku iā lākou e hoʻoilina ʻia kekahi mau ʻano o ka maʻi naʻau i hānau ʻia. ʻO ia hoʻi, inā loaʻa i kahi mākua ka maʻi naʻau i hānau ʻia, aia kekahi pilikia liʻiliʻi e loaʻa paha i kā lākou keiki ka maʻi naʻau i hānau ʻia. Hiki paha kēia ke ʻano like o ka maʻi naʻau i hānau ʻia i loaʻa i kā lākou mākua, a i ʻole hiki ke ʻokoʻa. No laila, inā hāpai kēlā mau mea maʻi, pono mākou e nānā pono iā lākou i ka wā hāpai, me ka hana ʻana i nā scan hou aku o ka fetus me ka echocardiography i ka wā hāpai. Maikaʻi, ʻo ka hapa nui o kā mākou poʻe maʻi maʻi naʻau i hānau ʻia e hiki ke loaʻa nā keiki ponoʻī i kēia wā.

He mea nui loa ka pilina ma waena o ka mea maʻi, ko lākou ʻohana a me ke kauka naʻau. Pinepine mākou e hahai i kēia mau mea maʻi no nā makahiki he nui i ka wā e ulu ai lākou. Nānā mākou iā lākou e hele mai nā pēpē a hiki i nā mākua. Inā hele mai kekahi mea ʻaʻole maopopo iā ʻoe, akā ʻaʻole maopopo iā ʻoe, e nīnau i nā nīnau. Mai makaʻu e hōʻea aku. Pono ʻoe e manaʻo mau e hiki ke hoʻokaʻaʻike i kāu hui cardiology a e nīnau iā lākou i nā nīnau āpau e kū mai.

Hiki i kahi ultrasound fetal 2D ke kōkua i kāu mea mālama ola e loiloi i ka ulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kāu pēpē.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi hemahema naʻau i hānau ʻia i ka wā hāpai a ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o kekahi mau hemahema naʻau ma kahi hoʻokolohua ultrasound hāpai maʻamau (fetal ultrasound).

Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o kahi pēpē, manaʻo paha kekahi mea mālama ola aia kahi hemahema naʻau i hānau ʻia inā loaʻa i ka pēpē:

• Nā hoʻoemi ulu.
• Nā loli kala i nā lehelehe, nā alelo a i ʻole nā ​​kui.

Lohe paha ke kauka mālama ola i kahi kani, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka murmur, i ka wā e hoʻolohe ai i ka naʻau o ke keiki me ka stethoscope. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā murmurs he mea hemolele, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻohe hemahema naʻau a ʻaʻole weliweli ka murmur i ke olakino o kāu keiki. Eia naʻe, hiki i kekahi mau murmurs ke hana ʻia e nā loli kahe koko i a mai ka naʻau.

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua e ʻike i kahi hemahema naʻau i hānau ʻia e komo pū me:

• Pulse oximetry. Hoʻopaʻa kahi sensor i kau ʻia ma ka manamana lima i ka nui o ka oxygen i loko o ke koko. ʻO ka oxygen liʻiliʻi loa he hōʻailona paha ia o kahi pilikia naʻau a i ʻole nā ​​māmā.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG a i ʻole EKG). Hoʻopaʻa kēia hoʻokolohua wikiwiki i ka hana uila o ka naʻau. Hōʻike ia i ke ʻano o ka hahau ʻana o ka naʻau. Hoʻopili nā ʻāpana pipili me nā sensors, i kapa ʻia ʻo nā electrodes, i ka umauma a i kekahi manawa i nā lima a i ʻole nā ​​wāwae. Hoʻopili nā kaula i nā ʻāpana i kahi kamepiula, kahi e paʻi ai a i ʻole e hōʻike i nā hopena.
• Echocardiogram. Hoʻohana ʻia nā nalu kani e hana i nā kiʻi o ka naʻau e neʻe ana. Hōʻike ka echocardiogram i ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana o ke koko ma o ka naʻau a me nā valve naʻau. Inā hana ʻia ka hoʻokolohua ma kahi pēpē ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, kapa ʻia ʻo ia he fetal echocardiogram.
• Chest X-ray. Hōʻike kahi X-ray umauma i ke kūlana o ka naʻau a me nā māmā. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻike inā hoʻonui ʻia ka naʻau, a i ʻole inā loaʻa i nā māmā ke koko hou a i ʻole ka wai ʻē aʻe. Hiki i kēia ke lilo i nā hōʻailona o ka hāʻule naʻau.
• Cardiac catheterization. I loko o kēia hoʻokolohua, hoʻokomo kahi kauka i kahi tube lahilahi, flexible i kapa ʻia ʻo ka catheter i loko o kahi moku koko, maʻamau ma ka ʻāpana groin, a alakaʻi iā ia i ka naʻau. Hiki i kēia hoʻokolohua ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike kikoʻī e pili ana i ke kahe koko a me ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ka naʻau. Hiki ke hana ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau naʻau i ka wā o ka catheterization naʻau.
• Heart MRI. I kapa ʻia hoʻi he cardiac MRI, hoʻohana kēia hoʻokolohua i nā kahua magnetic a me nā nalu radio e hana i nā kiʻi kikoʻī o ka naʻau. Hiki ke hana ʻia kahi cardiac MRI e ʻike a loiloi i nā hemahema naʻau i hānau ʻia i nā ʻōpio a me nā mākua. Hana kahi MRI naʻau i nā kiʻi 3D o ka naʻau, kahi e ʻae ai i ka ana pololei o nā keʻena naʻau.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā hemahema o ka naʻau i hānau ʻia i nā keiki e hilinaʻi ana i ka pilikia o ka naʻau kikoʻī a me kona nui.

ʻAʻohe hopena lōʻihi o kekahi mau hemahema o ka naʻau i hānau ʻia i ke olakino o ke keiki. Hiki paha ke hele mālie ʻole ʻia.

Hiki ke pani ʻia kekahi mau hemahema o ka naʻau i hānau ʻia, e like me ka puka liʻiliʻi ma ka naʻau, i ka wā e ulu ai ke keiki.

Pono ka mālama koke ʻana i nā hemahema o ka naʻau i hānau ʻia. Hiki i ka mālama ke komo pū me:

• Lāʻau lapaʻau.
• Nā kaʻina hana naʻau.
• Ka ʻoki naʻau.
• Hoʻololi naʻau.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama i nā hōʻailona a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia o ka hemahema o ka naʻau i hānau ʻia. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia wale nō a i ʻole me nā mālama ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā hemahema o ka naʻau i hānau ʻia:

• Nā pīni wai, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he diuretics. Kūkulu kēia ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau i ka wai mai ke kino. Kūkulu lākou i ka ukana ma ka naʻau.
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau rhythm naʻau, i kapa ʻia he anti-arrhythmics. Kūkulu kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau i nā hahau naʻau kūpono ʻole.

Inā loaʻa i kāu keiki kahi hemahema nui o ka naʻau i hānau ʻia, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia kahi kaʻina hana naʻau a i ʻole ka ʻoki.

ʻO nā kaʻina hana naʻau a me nā ʻoki ʻoki e hana ʻia e mālama i nā hemahema o ka naʻau i hānau ʻia:

• Cardiac catheterization. Hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia kekahi mau ʻano o nā hemahema o ka naʻau i hānau ʻia i nā keiki me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā paipu lahilahi, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe i kapa ʻia he catheters. Hāʻawi kēlā mau mālama i nā kauka e hoʻoponopono i ka naʻau me ka ʻole o ka ʻoki naʻau ākea. Hoʻokomo ka kauka i kahi catheter ma o kahi moku koko, maʻamau ma ka ʻūhā, a alakaʻi iā ia i ka naʻau. I kekahi manawa, hoʻohana ʻia ma mua o hoʻokahi catheter. I ka manawa i kau ʻia, hoʻokomo ka kauka i nā mea hana liʻiliʻi ma o ka catheter e hoʻoponopono i ke kūlana o ka naʻau. No ka laʻana, hiki i ke kauka ke hoʻoponopono i nā puka ma ka naʻau a i ʻole nā ​​wahi o ka hoʻonui ʻana. Pono e hana ʻia kekahi mau mālama catheter ma nā ʻanuʻu ma kahi manawa o nā makahiki.
• ʻOki naʻau. Hiki i ke keiki ke pono i ka ʻoki naʻau ākea a i ʻole ka ʻoki naʻau liʻiliʻi e hoʻoponopono i kahi hemahema o ka naʻau i hānau ʻia. ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻoki naʻau e hilinaʻi ana i ka loli kikoʻī ma ka naʻau.
• Hoʻololi naʻau. Inā hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia kahi hemahema nui o ka naʻau i hānau ʻia, pono paha ka hoʻololi naʻau.
• Fetal cardiac intervention. ʻO kēia kahi ʻano mālama no ka pēpē me ka pilikia naʻau i hana ʻia ma mua o ka hānau ʻana. Hiki ke hana ʻia e hoʻoponopono i kahi hemahema nui o ka naʻau i hānau ʻia a i ʻole e pale aku i nā pilikia i ka wā e ulu ai ke pēpē i ka wā hāpai. Loaʻa ʻole ka fetal cardiac intervention a hiki wale nō i nā kūlana kikoʻī loa.

Pono kekahi mau keiki i hānau ʻia me kahi hemahema o ka naʻau i hānau ʻia i nā kaʻina hana a me nā ʻoki ʻoki i loko o ko lākou ola. He mea nui ka mālama hoʻomau ola. Pono ke keiki i nā nānā olakino maʻamau e kahi kauka i aʻo ʻia i nā maʻi naʻau, i kapa ʻia he cardiologist. Hiki i ka mālama hoʻomau ke komo pū me nā hoʻokolohua koko a me nā kiʻi e nānā i nā pilikia.

[Hīmeni e kani ana]

Manaʻolana a me ka hoʻōla no nā naʻau liʻiliʻi.

Kauka Dearani: Inā nānā wau i kaʻu hana ponoʻī, hana nui wau i ka ʻoki naʻau liʻiliʻi. A ua hiki iaʻu ke hana pēlā no ka mea ua aʻo wau iā ia ma ka lehulehu o nā mākua, kahi i hoʻomaka ai. No laila, ʻo ka hana ʻana i ka ʻoki naʻau robotic i nā ʻōpio he mea ia ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i kahi haukapila keiki no ka mea ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻenehana i loaʻa iā lākou kahi e hiki ai iā mākou ke hana pēlā ma aneʻi.

[Hīmeni e kani ana]

Inā loaʻa i kāu keiki kahi hemahema o ka naʻau i hānau ʻia mai, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia nā hoʻololi o ke ola e mālama ai i ke olakino o ka naʻau a pale aku i nā pilikia.

• Nā palena o nā haʻuki a me nā hana. Hiki i kekahi mau keiki me kahi hemahema o ka naʻau i hānau ʻia mai ke koi ʻia e hoʻemi i ka hoʻoikaika kino a i ʻole nā ​​​​hana haʻuki. Eia naʻe, hiki i nā keiki ʻē aʻe me kahi hemahema o ka naʻau i hānau ʻia mai ke komo i kēlā mau hana. Hiki i ka mea mālama o kāu keiki ke haʻi iā ʻoe i nā haʻuki a me nā ʻano hoʻoikaika kino palekana no kāu keiki.
• Nā lāʻau pale i ka maʻi bacteria. Hiki i kekahi mau hemahema o ka naʻau i hānau ʻia mai ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka maʻi i ka papa o ka naʻau a i ʻole nā ​​​​valve naʻau, i kapa ʻia ʻo infective endocarditis. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia nā lāʻau antibiotic ma mua o nā kaʻina hana niho e pale aku i ka maʻi, ʻoi aku hoʻi no nā poʻe i loaʻa kahi valve naʻau mechanical. E nīnau i ke kauka naʻau o kāu keiki inā pono kāu keiki i nā lāʻau pale bacteria.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike e hāʻawi ana ka kamaʻilio ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i hele ma kahi kūlana like iā ʻoe i ka hōʻoluʻolu a me ka hoʻoikaika. E nīnau i kāu hui olakino inā aia kekahi mau hui kākoʻo ma kou wahi.

ʻO ke ola ʻana me kahi hemahema o ka naʻau i hānau ʻia mai hiki ke hana i kekahi mau keiki i ka manaʻo kaumaha a i ʻole hopohopo. Hiki i ka kamaʻilio ʻana me kahi kākāʻōlelo ke kōkua iā ʻoe a me kāu keiki e aʻo i nā ala hou e hoʻokele ai i ke kaumaha a me ka hopohopo. E nīnau i kahi limahana olakino no ka ʻike e pili ana i nā kākāʻōlelo ma kou wahi.