Ka Hōʻino O Ka Pā O Ka Ventricle (Vsd)

He puka ma ka naʻau kahi hemahema o ka ventricular septal (VSD). He pilikia naʻau maʻamau kēia i loaʻa i ka wā hānau (hemahema naʻau i hānau ʻia). Aia ka puka ma ka paia e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā keʻena lalo o ka naʻau (ventricles).

Hōʻailona o nā pilikia naʻau nui i hōʻike ʻia i ka wā hānau (nā hemahema naʻau congenital) e ʻike pinepine ʻia i loko o nā lā mua, nā pule a i ʻole nā mahina o ke ola o ke keiki.

Hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o kahi hemahema septal ventricular (VSD) ma muli o ka nui o ka puka a inā he mau pilikia naʻau ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole paha e hoʻokumu i nā hōʻailona kahi VSD liʻiliʻi.

Ma ke ʻano laulā, nā hōʻailona VSD i loko o ka pēpē e komo pū ai:

• ʻAi maikaʻi ʻole
• ulu kino lohi a ʻole paha (hāʻule ʻole i ka ulu)
• Hanu wikiwiki a i ʻole ka hanu ʻole
• Luhi maʻalahi
• Leo kani ʻana i ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka naʻau me ka stethoscope (heart murmur)

Hōʻailona o kahi hemahema septal ventricular i nā mākua e komo pū ai:

• Pōkole o ka hanu, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā e hoʻoikaika ai
• Leo kani ʻana i ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka naʻau me ka stethoscope (heart murmur)

Kāhea i kāu mea lawelawe ola kino inā:

• Luhi koke kāu pēpē i ka ʻai ʻana a i ʻole ka pāʻani
• ʻAʻole ulu kona kaumaha
• Hanu ʻole ʻo ia i ka ʻai ʻana a i ʻole ka uē
• Hanu wikiwiki a i ʻole pōkole kona hanu

Kāhea i kāu mea lawelawe inā ulu kēia mau hōʻailona:

• Hanu pōkole
• Wikiwiki a i ʻole kūpono ʻole ka puʻuwai
• Luhi a i ʻole nāwaliwali

Hiki ke ulu ka hemahema o ka pā o ka ventricle (VSD) i ka wā e ulu ana ka naʻau o ke pēpē i loko o ka ʻōpū. ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu piha ka paia muscular e hoʻokaʻawale ana i ka naʻau i nā ʻaoʻao hema a me ka ʻākau, a waiho i kahi lua a ʻoi aku paha. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka lua a i ʻole nā ​​lua.

ʻAʻohe kumu maopopo pinepine. Hiki i nā kumu kūlohelohe a me nā mea pili i ke kaiapuni ke pāʻani i kahi kuleana. Hiki i nā VSD ke kū hoʻokahi a i ʻole me nā pilikia naʻau ʻē aʻe i hānau ʻia. I nā manawa kakaikahi, hiki i kahi hemahema o ka pā o ka ventricle ke ulu ma hope i ke ola ma hope o ka maʻi naʻau a i ʻole kekahi mau kaʻina hana naʻau.

Nā kumu pilikia no ka hemahema o ka pā o ka ventricle:

• Hānau mua
• ʻO ka maʻi Down a me nā kūlana genetic ʻē aʻe
• Mōʻaukala ʻohana o nā pilikia naʻau i loaʻa i ka hānau ʻana (nā hemahema naʻau i hānau ʻia)

Hiki i kahi pēpē i hānau ʻia me ka hemahema o ka pā o ka ventricle ke loaʻa nā pilikia naʻau ʻē aʻe, e like me:

• Hemahema o ka pā o ka atrium
• Coarctation o ka aorta
• Double outlet syndrome
• Patent ductus arteriosus
• Tetralogy of Fallot

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ke keiki me kahi hemahema naʻau i hānau ʻia, hiki i kahi kākāʻōlelo genetic ke kūkākūkā i ka pilikia o kāu keiki e hiki mai ana ke loaʻa kekahi.

Hiki i kahi hōʻino liʻiliʻi o ka ventricular septal defect (VSD) ke ʻaʻole loa e hoʻoulu i kekahi pilikia. Hiki i kekahi mau VSD waena a nui paha ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola. Hiki i ka mālama ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā pilikia he nui.

ʻO nā pilikia o ka ventricular septal defect e komo pū ai:

• Ka hāʻule ʻana o ka naʻau. I loko o ka naʻau me kahi VSD waena a nui paha, hana nui ka naʻau a nui loa ka koko i hoʻopuka ʻia i nā māmā. Me ka ʻole o ka mālama, hiki ke ulu ka hāʻule ʻana o ka naʻau.
• Eisenmenger syndrome. Hiki i kahi puka i hoʻoponopono ʻole ʻia i loko o ka naʻau ke alakaʻi i kēia pilikia ma hope o nā makahiki he nui. Hoʻoulu ka kahe koko kūpono ʻole i nā kīʻaha koko i loko o nā māmā e lilo i paʻakikī a ʻāpana. Piʻi ka kaomi koko i loko o nā arteries o nā māmā (pulmonary hypertension). Hoʻopōʻino mau kēia syndrome i nā kīʻaha koko i loko o nā māmā.
• Endocarditis. He pilikia maʻamau kēia o ka VSD. Hoʻoulu ka maʻi i ka mumū weliweli i ke ola o ka papa o loko o nā keʻena a me nā valve o ka naʻau.
• Nā pilikia naʻau ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia mau mea e komo pū ai ka maʻi valve naʻau a me nā rhythm naʻau kūpono ʻole (arrhythmias).

ʻAʻole maopopo ke kumu, no laila, ʻaʻole paha e hiki ke pale aku i ka hemahema o ka pā o ka ventricle (VSD). Akā, he mea nui ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mālama maikaʻi ma mua o ka hāpai ʻana. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi VSD a ke hoʻolālā nei ʻoe e hāpai, e hoʻonohonoho i kahi kipa me kāu mea lawelawe ola a hahai i kēia mau ʻanuʻu:

• E kiʻi i ka mālama ma mua o ka hāpai ʻana, ʻoiai ma mua o kou hāpai ʻana. E kamaʻilio me kāu mea lawelawe ma mua o kou hāpai ʻana e pili ana i kou olakino a e kūkākūkā i nā loli o ke ola e hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo aku no ka hāpai ola. Eia kekahi, e hōʻoia e kamaʻilio ʻoe me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā lāʻau āu e lawe nei.
• E lawe i ka multivitamin me ka folic acid. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka lawe ʻana i 400 micrograms o ka folic acid i kēlā me kēia lā e hoʻemi i nā hemahema hānau i ka lolo a me ke kua. Hiki paha ke kōkua i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka pilikia o nā hemahema o ka naʻau.
• E pale i ka waiʻona. ʻO ka inu ʻana i ka waiʻona i ka wā hāpai e hoʻonui i ka pilikia o nā hemahema o ka naʻau i hānau ʻia.
• Mai puhi paka a hoʻohana paha i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kū kānāwai ʻole. Inā puhi ʻoe i ka paka, e haʻalele. ʻO ka puhi paka i ka wā hāpai e hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka hemahema o ka naʻau i hānau ʻia i ke keiki. E pale i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kū kānāwai ʻole no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hōʻino i kahi pēpē e ulu ana.
• E kiʻi i nā inikini i ʻōlelo ʻia. E hōʻoia ua hou ʻoe i kāu mau inikini āpau ma mua o ka hāpai ʻana. Hiki i kekahi mau maʻi ke hōʻino i kahi pēpē e ulu ana. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka rubella (German measles) i ka wā hāpai hiki ke hoʻokumu i nā pilikia i ka ulu ʻana o ka naʻau o ka pēpē. Hiki i kahi hoʻokolohua koko i hana ʻia ma mua o ka hāpai ʻana ke hoʻoholo inā palekana ʻoe i ka rubella. Loaʻa kahi lāʻau inikini no ka poʻe ʻaʻole palekana.
• E mālama i ka maʻi diabetes ma lalo o ke kaohi. ʻO ka mālama pono ʻana i ke kō koko ma mua a i ka wā hāpai e hiki ke hoʻemi i ka pilikia o nā hemahema o ka naʻau i hānau ʻia i ke keiki. ʻO ka maʻi diabetes e ulu ana i ka wā hāpai (gestational diabetes) ʻaʻole ia e hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ke keiki. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi diabetes, e hana pū me kāu mea lawelawe e hōʻoia ua mālama pono ʻia ma mua o ka hāpai ʻana.
• E nīnau i kāu mea lawelawe ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻokumu i nā hemahema hānau. E haʻi aku i kāu mea lawelawe e pili ana i nā lāʻau āpau āu e lawe nei, me nā mea i kūʻai ʻia me ka ʻole o ka palapala kauoha. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka mōʻaukala ʻohana o nā pilikia naʻau i hānau ʻia, e noʻonoʻo e kamaʻilio me kahi kākāʻōlelo genetics a me kahi kauka naʻau (cardiologist) ma mua o ka hāpai ʻana.

Hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau hemahema o ka ventricular septal (VSD) koke ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ke keiki. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole paha e hōʻike ʻia nā hemahema o ka ventricular septal (VSD) a hiki i ka wā ma hope. I kekahi manawa, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi hemahema o ka ventricular septal (VSD) ma o ka ultrasound hāpai ma mua o ka hānau ʻana o ke pēpē.

Inā loaʻa ka hemahema o ka ventricular septal, hiki i ka mea lawelawe ola ke lohe i kahi kani ʻūlū (kani naʻau) i ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka naʻau me ka stethoscope.

ʻO nā hoʻokolohua i hana ʻia e kōkua i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hemahema o ka ventricular septal, ʻo ia:

• Echocardiogram. ʻO kēia ka hoʻokolohua i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e hōʻike i kahi hemahema o ka ventricular septal. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hawewe leo e hana i nā kiʻi o ka naʻau e neʻe ana. Hiki i ka echocardiogram ke hōʻike i ka maikaʻi o ka holo ʻana o ke koko ma o ka naʻau a me nā valve naʻau.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG). Hoʻopaʻa kēia hoʻokolohua wikiwiki a ʻoluʻolu ʻole i ka hana uila o ka naʻau. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻike i ka wikiwiki a i ʻole ka lohi o ka hahau ʻana o ka naʻau.
• X-ray umauma. Hōʻike ka X-ray umauma i ke kūlana o ka naʻau a me nā māmā. Hiki iā ia ke haʻi inā ua nui ka naʻau a inā loaʻa i nā māmā ka wai hou.
• Pulse oximetry. Hoʻopaʻa kahi sensor i kau ʻia ma ka manamana lima i ka nui o ka oxygen i loko o ke koko. ʻO ka oxygen liʻiliʻi loa paha he hōʻailona o ka pilikia o ka naʻau a i ʻole ka māmā.
• Cardiac catheterization. I kēia hoʻokolohua, hoʻokomo ʻia kahi tube lahilahi a palupalu (catheter) i loko o ka ipu koko ma ka ʻūhā a i ʻole ka lima a alakaʻi ʻia ma o nā ipu koko i loko o ka naʻau. Ma o ka cardiac catheterization, hiki i nā kauka ke hōʻike i nā hemahema naʻau hānau a hoʻoholo i ka hana o nā valve naʻau a me nā keʻena.
• Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Hoʻohana ʻia nā kahua magnetic a me nā hawewe radio e hana i nā kiʻi kikoʻī o ka naʻau. Hiki i kahi mea lawelawe ola ke noi i kēia hoʻokolohua inā pono hou aku ka ʻike ma hope o ka echocardiogram.
• Computerized tomography (CT) scan. Hana kahi moʻo o nā X-ray i nā kiʻi kikoʻī o ka naʻau. Hiki ke hana ʻia inā ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ka echocardiogram i ka ʻike nui e pono ai.

Hiki i ka mālama ʻana i ka hemahema o ka puka o ka ventricle ke komo pū me nā nānā ola maʻamau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka ʻoki kino. ʻAʻole pono ka nui o nā pēpē i hānau ʻia me ka hemahema liʻiliʻi o ka puka o ka ventricle (VSD) i ka ʻoki kino e pani ai i ka puka. Hoʻopāʻia kekahi mau VSD liʻiliʻi ma o lākou iho.

Inā liʻiliʻi ka VSD, hiki i nā nānā ola maʻamau ke lawa wale nō. Hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama ai i nā hōʻailona.

Pono paha nā pēpē i loaʻa iā lākou nā VSD nui a i ʻole nā ​​mea luhi maʻalahi i ka wā e hānai ai i ka meaʻai keu e kōkua iā lākou e ulu. Pono paha kekahi mau pēpē i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka naʻau.

ʻAʻole e hoʻoponopono nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hemahema o ka puka o ka ventricle, akā hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia lākou e mālama i nā hōʻailona a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau kikoʻī i hoʻohana ʻia e hilinaʻi ana i nā hōʻailona a me kā lākou kumu. Hoʻohana ʻia nā pīlali wai (diuretics) e hoʻemi i ka nui o ka wai i loko o ke kino a hoʻemi i ka pilikia ma ka naʻau.

Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ka oxygen.

Hiki ke hana ʻia ka ʻoki kino inā waena a nui paha ka VSD a i ʻole inā ke kumu ia i nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi. Loaʻa pinepine i nā pēpē e pono ai ka ʻoki kino e hoʻoponopono i ka puka i ke kaʻina hana i ko lākou makahiki mua.

Hiki i kekahi kauka ʻoki ke pani i nā hemahema liʻiliʻi o ka puka o ka ventricle inā hiki i ko lākou wahi i loko o ka naʻau ke hōʻino i nā ʻano kokoke, e like me nā valve naʻau.

ʻO nā ʻoki kino a me nā kaʻina hana e hoʻoponopono ai i ka hemahema o ka puka o ka ventricle:

Ma hope o ka ʻoki kino o ka hemahema o ka puka o ka ventricle, pono nā nānā maʻamau no ke ola, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e ke kauka naʻau (cardiologist). Hoʻokomo pinepine nā nānā i nā hoʻokolohua kiʻi e hoʻoholo ai i ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana o ka ʻoki kino.

• ʻOki kino naʻau ākea. ʻO kēia ka kaʻina hana i makemake ʻia no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hapa nui o nā hemahema o ka puka o ka ventricle. Hoʻohana kahi kauka ʻoki i kahi pā a i ʻole nā ​​humuhumu e pani ai i ka puka ma waena o nā keʻena naʻau haʻahaʻa. Pono kēia ʻano o ka ʻoki kino VSD i ka mīkini naʻau-māmā a me kahi ʻoki ma ka umauma.
• Kaʻina hana catheter. Hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia kekahi mau hemahema o ka puka o ka ventricle me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā paipu lahilahi, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe (catheters) me ka ʻole o ka pono no ka ʻoki kino naʻau ākea. Hoʻokomo ka mea mālama ola i ka catheter i loko o kahi kīʻaha koko, maʻamau ma ka ʻūhā, a alakaʻi iā ia i ka naʻau. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mea liʻiliʻi ma o ka catheter e pani ai i ka puka.

Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia nā hoʻololi o ke ola e mālama ai i ka naʻau olakino a pale aku i nā pilikia.

Pale i nā maʻi o ka naʻau. I kekahi manawa, hiki i nā pilikia o ka naʻau ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka maʻi i ka papa o ka naʻau a i ʻole nā ​​​​valve naʻau (endocarditis). Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia nā lāʻau ʻalopelo ma mua o nā kaʻina hana niho inā he haʻahaʻa kou oxygen ma muli o ka VSD nui. Hiki nō hoʻi ke ʻōlelo ʻia nā lāʻau inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka VSD i hoʻoponopono ʻia me ka ʻāpana e holo mau ana ke koko ma luna ona. Hiki nō hoʻi ke ʻōlelo ʻia nā lāʻau ʻalopelo inā ua hana ʻia nei ʻoe i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka VSD catheter-based.

No ka hapa nui o nā kānaka me ka hemahema o ka ventricular septal, hiki i ka mālama waha maikaʻi a me nā nānā niho maʻamau ke pale aku i ka endocarditis.

E kamaʻilio me kāu mea hoʻolako ma mua o ka hāpai ʻana. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka hemahema o ka ventricular septal a hāpai paha ʻoe a manaʻo paha e hāpai, e kamaʻilio me kāu mea hoʻolako mālama ola e pili ana i nā pilikia a me nā pilikia. Hiki iā ʻolua ke kūkākūkā a hoʻolālā no kekahi mālama kūikawā e pono ai i ka wā hāpai.

ʻAʻole pilikia nui ka VSD liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka mea i hoʻoponopono ʻia me nā pilikia ʻole. Eia naʻe, hoʻonui ka VSD nui, ʻaʻohe hoʻoponopono, nā leo naʻau kūpono ʻole, ka hāʻule o ka naʻau a i ʻole ka hypertension pulmonary i ka pilikia no nā pilikia hāpai.

Manaʻo ʻia ka hāpai ʻana he kiʻekiʻe loa ka pilikia no ka poʻe me ka Eisenmenger syndrome a ʻaʻole ia i ʻōlelo ʻia.

• Pale i nā maʻi o ka naʻau. I kekahi manawa, hiki i nā pilikia o ka naʻau ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka maʻi i ka papa o ka naʻau a i ʻole nā ​​​​valve naʻau (endocarditis). Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia nā lāʻau ʻalopelo ma mua o nā kaʻina hana niho inā he haʻahaʻa kou oxygen ma muli o ka VSD nui. Hiki nō hoʻi ke ʻōlelo ʻia nā lāʻau inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka VSD i hoʻoponopono ʻia me ka ʻāpana e holo mau ana ke koko ma luna ona. Hiki nō hoʻi ke ʻōlelo ʻia nā lāʻau ʻalopelo inā ua hana ʻia nei ʻoe i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka VSD catheter-based.

No ka hapa nui o nā kānaka me ka hemahema o ka ventricular septal, hiki i ka mālama waha maikaʻi a me nā nānā niho maʻamau ke pale aku i ka endocarditis.

• E nīnau e pili ana i nā palena hoʻoikaika kino. Hiki i nā kānaka he nui me ka hemahema o ka ventricular septal ke ola olakino, hana ʻole me nā palena ʻole. Akā pono paha kekahi e kaupalena i nā hana hoʻoikaika kino a me nā haʻuki. E nīnau i kāu mea hoʻolako mālama ola i nā haʻuki a me nā ʻano hoʻoikaika kino palekana no ʻoe a i ʻole kāu keiki. Pono nā kānaka me ka Eisenmenger syndrome e pale aku i ka hana kino ikaika.
• E kamaʻilio me kāu mea hoʻolako ma mua o ka hāpai ʻana. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka hemahema o ka ventricular septal a hāpai paha ʻoe a manaʻo paha e hāpai, e kamaʻilio me kāu mea hoʻolako mālama ola e pili ana i nā pilikia a me nā pilikia. Hiki iā ʻolua ke kūkākūkā a hoʻolālā no kekahi mālama kūikawā e pono ai i ka wā hāpai.

ʻAʻole pilikia nui ka VSD liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka mea i hoʻoponopono ʻia me nā pilikia ʻole. Eia naʻe, hoʻonui ka VSD nui, ʻaʻohe hoʻoponopono, nā leo naʻau kūpono ʻole, ka hāʻule o ka naʻau a i ʻole ka hypertension pulmonary i ka pilikia no nā pilikia hāpai.

Manaʻo ʻia ka hāpai ʻana he kiʻekiʻe loa ka pilikia no ka poʻe me ka Eisenmenger syndrome a ʻaʻole ia i ʻōlelo ʻia.