He aha ka Lapaʻau Bacillus of Calmette a me Guerin (BCG): Nā Hoʻohana, Ka Leka, Nā hopena ʻaoʻao a me nā mea hou aku

ʻO ka lapaʻau Bacillus of Calmette a me Guerin (BCG) he lapaʻau bacteria ola, nāwaliwali e kōkua ana i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi tuberculosis (TB). Ua hoʻohana palekana ʻia kēia lapaʻau no kahi kokoke i hoʻokahi kenekulia a loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻano i hoʻololi ʻia o ka bacteria e pili ana i ka TB ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi maoli akā hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kou ʻōnaehana pale e ʻike a hakakā iā ia.

Hāʻawi ʻia ka lapaʻau BCG ma ke ʻano he injection hoʻokahi ma lalo pono o ka ʻili, maʻamau i ka lima luna. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hoʻohana mau ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, he mea hana olakino lehulehu koʻikoʻi ia ma nā ʻāina he nui kahi i ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka TB.

He aha ka Lapaʻau BCG?

Hana ʻia ka lapaʻau BCG mai kahi ʻano ola akā nāwaliwali o ka bacteria i kapa ʻia ʻo Mycobacterium bovis. Ua hoʻomohala nā ʻepekema Farani ʻo Albert Calmette lāua ʻo Camille Guérin i kēia lapaʻau i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1900 ma ka hoʻonāwaliwali ʻana i ka bacteria me ka mālama nui ʻana i nā makahiki he nui a hiki i ka hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka pale ʻana me ka ʻole o ka maʻi.

E noʻonoʻo iā ia he hoʻomaʻamaʻa no kāu ʻōnaehana pale. Ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ka lapaʻau, aʻo kou kino e ʻike a hoʻomanaʻo i ka bacteria TB, no laila inā e hōʻike ʻia ʻoe i ka mea maoli, hiki i kāu ʻōnaehana pale ke pane wikiwiki a maikaʻi.

Manaʻo ʻia ka lapaʻau he lapaʻau

He hana maikaʻi ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā pēpē a me nā keiki ʻōpio. ʻAʻole ia he mea maikaʻi i ka pale ʻana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi TB i loko o nā mākua, ʻo ia ke kumu e ʻokoʻa nui ai nā kulekele lāʻau lapaʻau ma waena o nā ʻāina ma muli o kā lākou helu TB.

Pehea e Hana ai ka Lāʻau Lapaʻau BCG?

Ua manaʻo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau BCG he lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi, e hana ana ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i kou ʻōnaehana pale e ʻike i ka bacteria TB. Ke komo ka bacteria nāwaliwali i kou kino, e aʻo ana kāu mau pūnaewele pale iā lākou a hana i kahi hoʻomanaʻo i ke ʻano o TB.

A laila, hana kou ʻōnaehana pale i nā antibodies a hoʻāla i nā pūnaewele pale kūikawā i kapa ʻia ʻo T-cells e hiki ke pane koke inā ʻoe e hōʻike ʻia i ka bacteria TB maoli ma hope. Hiki i kēia hoʻomanaʻo pale ke mau no nā makahiki he nui, ʻoiai e nāwaliwali ana i ka manawa.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau ka mea maikaʻi loa i ka pale ʻana i nā ʻano koʻikoʻi, hoʻoweliweli i ke ola o TB, ʻoiai i nā keiki. Hāʻawi ia i ka pale ʻana ma kahi o 70-80% i ka TB meningitis a me ka TB i hoʻolaha ʻia, akā ma kahi o 50% wale nō ka pale ʻana i ka pulmonary (lung) TB i nā mākua.

Pehea e Lawe ai i ka Lāʻau Lapaʻau BCG?

Hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau BCG ma ke ʻano he injection hoʻokahi ma lalo pono o ka ʻili (injection intradermal) ma ka lima luna. E hoʻohana ke kauka lapaʻau i kahi nila kūikawā e waiho i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma waena o nā papa o kou ʻili, ʻaʻole i loko o ka ʻiʻo.

ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e hana i kekahi mea kūikawā e hoʻomākaukau ai no ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻai maʻamau ma mua a ma hope o ka injection, a ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e lawe me ka meaʻai a i ʻole ka wai no ka mea ʻaʻole ia he lāʻau lapaʻau waha.

Pono e mālama ʻia ka wahi injection i maʻemaʻe a maloʻo. Mai hoʻopili i nā ʻaila, nā mea poni, a i ʻole nā ​​palapala i ka wahi ke ʻole ke kauka lapaʻau e ʻōlelo pono iā ia. E hoʻomohala paha ka wahi injection i kahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi a hiki ke hana i kahi ʻōpala i nā pule e hiki mai ana.

Pehea ka lōʻihi e lawe ai i ka Lāʻau Lapaʻau BCG?

Hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau BCG ma ke ʻano he hoʻokahi maʻamau, ma ka wā kamaliʻi a i ʻole i ka wā kamaliʻi mua. ʻAʻole like me kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau e koi ana i nā mahele he nui a i ʻole nā mea hoʻoikaika, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā kānaka e pono wale nō i hoʻokahi BCG vaccination i ko lākou ola.

Hiki i ka pale mai ka lāʻau BCG ke mau no 10-20 mau makahiki, ʻoiai he ʻokoʻa kēia mai kēlā kanaka i kēia kanaka. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia a pono paha nā pana hoʻoikaika no ka lehulehu.

Eia naʻe, inā ʻoe e hoʻohana ana i ka BCG ma ke ʻano he lapaʻau no ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻōpū, pono paha ʻoe i nā mahele he nui i hāʻawi pololei ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū no kekahi mau pule a i ʻole mau mahina. E hana kāu oncologist i kahi papa hana lapaʻau kikoʻī e pili ana i kou kūlana pilikino.

He aha nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ka lāʻau BCG?

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kānaka e ʻike i nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻalahi mai ka lāʻau BCG he mea maʻamau loa a hōʻike i ka pane ʻana o kou ʻōnaehana pale. ʻO ka hopena maʻamau loa ma kahi o ka injection, kahi e ʻike ai ʻoe i nā loli i nā pule e hiki mai ana.

Eia ka mea e hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻo e like me nā hopena maʻamau ma kahi o ka injection:

• He puʻupuʻu ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi e ʻike ʻia i loko o 2-6 mau pule
• Hiki i ka puʻupuʻu ke lilo i mea nui a i kekahi manawa e ulu i loko o kahi ʻeha liʻiliʻi, pāpaʻu
• Hiki ke hana ʻia kahi scab a hāʻule hope loa, e waiho ana i kahi ʻili liʻiliʻi
• Hiki ke kahe mai kahi wai maopopo a i ʻole ke ao iki mai ka pūnaewele
• ʻO ka palupalu a i ʻole ka ʻeha maʻalahi i ka lima

ʻO kēia mau hopena kūloko he mau hōʻailona maoli e hana ana ka lāʻau lapaʻau a ke kūkulu nei kou kino i ka pale. Hiki i ke kaʻina hana hoʻōla ke lawe i 2-6 mau mahina e hoʻopau.

ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau ʻole akā naʻe, ʻo:

• Nā lymph node pehu i ka armpit ma ka ʻaoʻao like me ka injection
• ʻO ke kuni maʻalahi (maʻamau ka haʻahaʻa)
• ʻO ka luhi maʻamau a i ʻole ka maikaʻi ʻole no hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha lā

Hoʻoponopono maʻamau kēia mau hōʻailona iā lākou iho a ʻaʻole pono ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

He kakaikahi nā hopena ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi akā hiki ke hana. E kelepona i kāu mea mālama ola inā ʻike ʻoe:

• Ka wela nui (ma luna o 101°F a i ʻole 38.3°C) e mau ana ma mua o 2-3 mau lā
• Ka pehu nui a i ʻole ka ʻeha ma kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka lāʻau
• Nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi e like me nā kaha ʻulaʻula e laha ana mai kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka lāʻau
• He ʻōpū nui a mau loa paha ma kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka lāʻau (ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 1 cm)
• Nā ʻōpū lymph i pehu e lilo i mea nui loa a i ʻole ka ʻeha

ʻO nā pilikia laha ʻole e komo pū ana me ka maʻi BCG laha, hiki ke loaʻa i nā kānaka me nā ʻōnaehana pale i nāwaliwali loa. ʻO ia ke kumu ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā kānaka me kekahi mau maʻi ʻōnaehana pale.

ʻO wai ka mea pono ʻole e lawe i ka lāʻau BCG?

ʻAʻole palekana ka lāʻau BCG no nā mea a pau, ʻo ia hoʻi ka poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale i nāwaliwali. No ka mea, aia nā bacteria ola, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi i ka poʻe ʻaʻole hiki i ko lākou kino ke pale aku i nā germs nāwaliwali.

ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e loaʻa i ka lāʻau BCG inā loaʻa iā ʻoe:

• Maʻi HIV a i ʻole AIDS
• Ka maʻi maʻi e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana pale (e like me ka leukemia a i ʻole lymphoma)
• Nā maʻi immunodeficiency mua
• Ke lawe nei i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kāohi ana i ka ʻōnaehana pale (e like me nā steroids kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole chemotherapy)
• Ua loaʻa i ka transplant organ
• Ke loaʻa nei ka radiation therapy

ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no:

• Nā wahine hāpai (ʻoiai ua palekana maʻamau i ka wā e hānai ai i ka waiū)
• Nā kānaka me ka maʻi TB ikaika
• Ka poʻe me ka maʻi koʻikoʻi a i ʻole ke kuni
• ʻO kēlā me kēia mea me ke kūlana ʻili koʻikoʻi ma kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka lāʻau
• Ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka hopena maʻi koʻikoʻi i ka lāʻau BCG ma mua

Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole pono nā pēpē i hānau ʻia i nā makuahine me ka HIV e loaʻa i ka lāʻau BCG a hiki i ka wā e hoʻoholo ʻia ai ko lākou kūlana HIV, no ka mea, ua loaʻa paha iā lākou nā pilikia ʻōnaehana pale.

Nā inoa inoa o ka lāʻau BCG

Loaʻa ka lāʻau BCG ma lalo o nā inoa inoa like ʻole ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, akā ʻokoʻa ka loaʻa ʻana ma kēlā me kēia ʻāina. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū, ʻike pinepine ʻia ia e nā inoa inoa e like me TICE BCG a i ʻole TheraCys.

Hiki i nā mea hana like ʻole ke hana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka bacteria BCG, akā hana lākou a pau ma ke ʻano like. E hoʻohana kāu mea mālama ola i ka mana i loaʻa a kūpono no kāu kūlana.

Inā ʻoe e hele ana i nā ʻāina ʻē a pono i nā moʻolelo lāʻau lapaʻau, e hōʻoia e hoʻomaopopo i ka lāʻau BCG āu i loaʻa ai, no ka mea, makemake paha kekahi mau ʻāina i kekahi mau ʻano a i ʻole nā mea hana.

Nā Koho ʻē aʻe i ka Lāʻau BCG

I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe koho ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i ka lāʻau BCG no ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi tuberculosis. ʻOiai e hana ana nā mea noiʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lāʻau TB hou, ʻo BCG ka lāʻau lapaʻau laikini wale nō no ka pale ʻana i ka TB ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

No ka poʻe hiki ʻole ke loaʻa i ka lāʻau BCG ma muli o nā pilikia o ka ʻōnaehana pale, e kālele ana ka pale ʻana i ka pale ʻana i ka TB a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nānā mau. Hiki i kēia ke komo i ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic pale inā ua hōʻike ʻia ʻoe i kekahi me ka TB ikaika.

Ma ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū, nā koho ʻē aʻe i ka BCG e komo pū ana me nā immunotherapies ʻē aʻe, nā lāʻau chemotherapy i waiho pololei ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū, a i ʻole nā kaʻina hana ʻoki. Hiki i kāu oncologist ke kūkākūkā i kēia mau koho inā ʻaʻole kūpono ka BCG iā ʻoe.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka Lāʻau BCG ma mua o nā ʻano hana pale TB ʻē aʻe?

ʻO ka lāʻau BCG i kēia manawa ka mea hana maikaʻi loa no ka pale ʻana i nā ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi tuberculosis i nā keiki, akā ʻaʻole ia he mea kūpono. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ke hui pū ʻia me nā hoʻolālā pale TB ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana.

I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka nele o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻemi nui ka BCG i ka pilikia o ka maʻi meningitis TB a me ka TB i hāʻawi ʻia i nā keiki. Eia naʻe, hāʻawi ia i ka pale liʻiliʻi i ka TB pulmonary, ʻoiai i nā mākua, ʻo ia ke kumu ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia e nā ʻāina he nui me nā helu TB haʻahaʻa i kā lākou papahana lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau.

ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka TB maikaʻi loa e hui pū ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau BCG (kahi kūpono) me nā hana hoʻomalu maikaʻi, ka ʻike mua a me ka mālama ʻana i nā hihia TB ikaika, a me ka mālama pale ʻana no ka poʻe i ka pilikia nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka TB.

Nā Nīnau i Nīnau pinepine ʻia e pili ana i ka Lāʻau Lapaʻau BCG

He palekana anei ka Lāʻau Lapaʻau BCG no ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes?

He palekana ka lāʻau lapaʻau BCG no ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes, inā e mālama maikaʻi ʻia kā lākou maʻi diabetes a ʻaʻole lākou i nā pilikia ʻē aʻe o ka ʻōnaehana pale. ʻAʻole maʻamau ka maʻi diabetes e hoʻonāwaliwali i ka ʻōnaehana pale i lawa e hana ai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau BCG.

Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka pilikia o ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi, no laila he mea nui e nānā pono i ka pūnaewele injection no nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻōla ʻana a i ʻole ka maʻi. Hiki i kāu mea mālama ola ke makemake e hahai kokoke e hōʻoia i ka hoʻōla pono ʻana o ka pūnaewele lāʻau lapaʻau.

He aha kaʻu e hana ai inā loaʻa iaʻu ka nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau BCG?

ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa i ka nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau BCG no ka mea e hāʻawi ʻia ma ke ʻano he hoʻokahi, ana pono ʻia e ka mea mālama ola. Hele mai ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā vials i ana mua ʻia, a ua aʻo ʻia nā mea mālama ola i ka dosing kūpono.

Inā hopohopo ʻoe e loaʻa ana i kahi maʻi kūpono ʻole, e hoʻokaʻaʻike koke i kāu mea mālama ola. Hiki iā lākou ke loiloi i kāu kūlana a nānā iā ʻoe no nā hopena maʻamau, ʻoiai he kakaikahi loa nā pilikia koʻikoʻi mai nā hewa dosing.

He aha kaʻu e hana ai inā e hala wau i ka Lāʻau Lapaʻau BCG i hoʻonohonoho ʻia?

Mai ka wā e hāʻawi ʻia ai ka BCG ma ke ʻano he hoʻokahi mahele, ʻaʻole pinepine kahi kūlana "mahele i hala" e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau āu e lawe mau ai. Inā ua hala ʻoe i kahi manawa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no ka BCG, e hoʻonohonoho hou me kāu mea mālama ola i ka wā hiki.

No nā pēpē a me nā keiki, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka BCG ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka wā mua o ke ola, no laila, mai hoʻokaʻulua i ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana. Eia naʻe, hiki nō ke kōkua ka lāʻau lapaʻau inā hāʻawi ʻia ma hope o ka mea i hoʻolālā ʻia.

I ka manawa hea e hiki ai iaʻu ke hooki i ka hopohopo e pili ana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ka lāʻau lapaʻau BCG?

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ka lāʻau lapaʻau BCG e hana i loko o nā pule mua a i ʻole nā mahina ma hope o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Hoʻomaka ka hopena o ka pūnaewele injection ma kahi o 2-6 pule ma hope o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a hiki ke hoʻomau no 2-6 mahina i ka wā e kūkulu ai kou kino i ka pale.

Ke hoʻōla loa ka pūnaewele injection a ua hoʻi nā lymph nodes pehu i ka nui maʻamau, hiki iā ʻoe ke hooki i ka nānā ʻana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Hana maʻamau kēia i loko o 6 mahina o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

Hiki iaʻu ke kiʻi i kahi hoʻokolohua ʻili Tuberculosis ma hope o ka lāʻau lapaʻau BCG?

Hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau BCG ke hoʻopilikia i nā hopena hoʻokolohua ʻili tuberculosis, e hiki ai ke hana i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole no nā makahiki he nui ma hope o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO kēia no ka mea hiki i kāu ʻōnaehana pale ke hana i ka hoʻokolohua ʻili ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻoe i loaʻa ka TB ikaika.

Inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe ka lāʻau lapaʻau BCG, makemake paha kāu mea mālama ola e hoʻohana i nā hoʻokolohua koko i kapa ʻia ʻo interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) e nānā i ka maʻi TB, no ka mea, ʻaʻole paha e hoʻopilikia ʻia kēia mau hoʻokolohua e ka lāʻau lapaʻau BCG. E hōʻike mau i kāu mea mālama ola e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau BCG ma mua i ka wā e hoʻāʻo ʻia ai no ka TB.