He aha ka Cytarabine Liposome (Ala Intrathecal): Nā Hoʻohana, Dosage, Nā hopena ʻaoʻao a me nā mea hou aku

He lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi ʻaʻai kūikawā ʻo Cytarabine liposome i hāʻawi pololei ʻia i loko o ka wai a puni kou iwi kuamoʻo a me ka lolo. Kōkua kēia ala i manaʻo ʻia e mālama i kekahi mau ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai i laha i kou ʻōnaehana nerve waena, ʻo ia hoʻi nā lymphomas e pili ana i nā membrane pale a puni kou lolo a me ke kuamoʻo.

Hōʻike kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i kahi holomua nui i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai no ka mea e hāʻawi pololei ia i ka chemotherapy i kahi e pono ai. Hana ka formulation liposome e like me kahi capsule liʻiliʻi, hoʻokuʻu lohi e noho ana i loko o kāu wai spinal no ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka chemotherapy maʻamau, e hāʻawi ana iā ia i ka manawa hou e hakakā ai i nā cell cancer me ka hōʻemi ʻana i kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao.

He aha ka Cytarabine Liposome?

ʻO Cytarabine liposome kahi ʻano hana lōʻihi o ka lāʻau chemotherapy cytarabine i hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia no ka injection i loko o kāu wai spinal. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o nā ʻōhū momona liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo liposomes, e kōkua ana iā ia e noho ikaika i kāu ʻōnaehana nerve waena no nā pule ma mua o nā hola.

Hāʻawi kēia formulation i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hakakā ana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai e hoʻokuʻu mālie a paʻa i kahi e pono ai. E noʻonoʻo iā ia he lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻokuʻu manawa e hoʻomau nei i ka hana ma hope o ka hāʻawi ʻana o kāu kauka iā ia, e hāʻawi ana i ka pale mau ʻana i nā cell cancer i kou lolo a me ke kuamoʻo.

Hele ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka inoa inoa DepoCyt a hōʻike i kahi ala i manaʻo ʻia e mālama i nā maʻi ʻaʻai i hele i loko o kāu ʻōnaehana nerve waena. ʻO kēia hele ʻana, i kapa ʻia ʻo leptomeningeal metastasis, hiki ke paʻakikī loa ke mālama me nā ʻano chemotherapy kuʻuna.

No ke aha e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka Cytarabine Liposome?

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka cytarabine liposome no ka mālama ʻana i ka meningitis lymphomatous, kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi kahi e laha ai nā pūnaewele maʻi lymphoma i nā membrane pale e uhi ana i kou lolo a me ke kuamoʻo. Kōkua kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i ka mālama ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi i kēia mau wahi palupalu kahi e hiki ʻole ai i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe ke hiki pono.

Hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo aku i kēia lapaʻau inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka lymphoma non-Hodgkin a i ʻole nā maʻi maʻi koko ʻē aʻe i laha i kou ʻōnaehana nerve waena. He mea waiwai nui ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i nā lāʻau chemotherapy maʻamau ke hele pono i ka pale koko-lolo, akā ʻo ka hoʻokomo pololei ʻana e pale i kēia pale kūlohelohe.

I kekahi mau hihia, hoʻohana nā kauka i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau e pale i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi i kou ʻōnaehana nerve waena inā aia ʻoe i ka pilikia nui. Hiki i kēia ala pale, i kapa ʻia ʻo prophylaxis, ke koʻikoʻi loa no kekahi mau lymphomas ʻino e laha pinepine i ka lolo a me ke kuamoʻo.

Pehea e Hana ai ka Cytarabine Liposome?

Hana ka cytarabine liposome ma ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ka hiki o nā pūnaewele maʻi maʻi ke hana i DNA hou, pono lākou e hoʻonui a laha. Manaʻo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau he lāʻau chemotherapy ikaika iki e kuhikuhi pono ana i nā pūnaewele e māhele wikiwiki ana, me nā pūnaewele maʻi maʻi i kou ʻōnaehana nerve waena.

ʻO ka uhi liposome ka mea hou e hana ai i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā. Pale kēia mau ʻōhū momona microscopic i ka lāʻau i kona hele ʻana ma waena o kāu wai spinal, a laila e wāwahi mālie e hoʻokuʻu i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ikaika i nā pule he nui. ʻO kēia hoʻokuʻu lohi ʻana ke ʻano e loaʻa ai iā ʻoe ka lapaʻau mau me ka liʻiliʻi o nā injections.

ʻAʻole like me ka chemotherapy waha a i ʻole intravenous, hana kēia lāʻau lapaʻau pololei i ka wai cerebrospinal e holoi ana i kou lolo a me ke kuamoʻo. ʻO kēia ala i kuhikuhi ʻia ke ʻano o nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau e hiki i nā pūnaewele maʻi maʻi i kēia mau wahi me ka hiki ke hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao liʻiliʻi i ke koena o kou kino.

Pehea e Lawe ai au i ka Cytarabine Liposome?

Hāʻawi ʻia ka cytarabine liposome e nā poʻe loea olakino ma o ke kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia he intrathecal injection, kahi e hoʻokomo pololei ʻia ai ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o kāu wai spinal. E loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia lapaʻau ma kahi haukapila a i ʻole kahi keʻena loea, ʻaʻole loa ma ka home.

Ma mua o kāu injection, e hāʻawi paha kāu kauka iā ʻoe i kahi lāʻau steroid i kapa ʻia ʻo dexamethasone e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao. E lawe maʻamau ʻoe i kēia mau pila steroid ʻelua i ka lā no ʻelima mau lā, e hoʻomaka ana i ka lā o kāu injection. Kōkua kēia hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka mumū e hiki ke hana ke hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o kāu wai spinal.

I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, e moe ʻoe ma kou ʻaoʻao a i ʻole e noho ana i mua i ka wā e hoʻohana ai kāu kauka i kahi nila lahilahi e hoʻokomo i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kou kua lalo. Maʻamau ka hana ma kahi o 15-30 mau minuke, a e nānā ʻia ʻoe no kekahi mau hola ma hope e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o kou manaʻo.

ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e pale i ka meaʻai a i ʻole ka inu ʻana ma mua o ke kaʻina hana, akā e ʻōlelo paha kāu kauka e noho maikaʻi i ka wai. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe maʻi he mea kōkua ke ʻai i ka meaʻai māmā ma mua e pale ai i ka nausea, ʻoiai e ʻokoʻa kēia mai kēlā me kēia kanaka.

Pehea ka lōʻihi e lawe ai au i ka Cytarabine Liposome?

Aia ka lōʻihi o ka lapaʻau ʻana i ka cytarabine liposome i ke ʻano o ka pane ʻana o kāu maʻi maʻi a me kou olakino holoʻokoʻa. Loaʻa i ka hapa nui o nā maʻi nā injections i kēlā me kēia ʻelua pule i ka wā o ka mālama mua ʻana, e mau ana no kekahi mau mahina.

E nānā kāu kauka i kāu pane ma o nā hoʻokolohua wai spinal a me nā haʻawina kiʻi e hoʻoholo ai i ka wā e ʻike ʻole ʻia ai nā cell maʻi maʻi. Ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ka mea i kapa ʻia he

Pono paha kekahi mau maʻi i nā lapaʻau e hoʻomau ana no nā mahina he nui, aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e loaʻa paha kahi papa pōkole e pili ana i ko lākou kūlana. E hana pū kāu hui mālama ola me ʻoe e hoʻomohala i kahi papa hana lapaʻau e kaulike ana i ka pono me kou maikaʻi o ke ola a me ka ʻae ʻana i ka lāʻau.

He aha nā hopena ʻaoʻao o Cytarabine Liposome?

E like me nā lāʻau chemotherapy a pau, hiki i ka cytarabine liposome ke hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā mea a pau. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hopena ʻaoʻao e pili ana i nā hopena o ka lāʻau i kāu ʻōnaehana nerve waena a hiki ke mālama ʻia me ka mālama olakino kūpono.

ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau e hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike me ke poʻo, ka nausea, ka luaʻi, a me ke kuni. Hiki pinepine kēia mau hōʻailona i loko o nā lā mua ma hope o kāu injection a maʻamau e hoʻomaikaʻi me ka manawa a me ka mālama kākoʻo.

Eia nā hopena ʻaoʻao pinepine e ʻike ai nā maʻi he nui:

• Nā poʻo e mau ana no nā lā he nui
• Nausea a me ka luaʻi, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā hola 24-48 mua
• Ke kuni a me nā haʻalulu
• Luhi a me ka nāwaliwali
• ʻO ka ʻūlū a i ʻole ka manaʻo paʻa ʻole
• ʻEha hope a i ʻole ʻāʻī
• Huikau a i ʻole ka pilikia o ka noʻonoʻo

Hoʻomaikaʻi maʻamau kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau i loko o kekahi mau lā a hiki ke mālama ʻia me nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kauoha ʻia e kāu kauka. Kōkua ka steroid premedication āu e loaʻa ai i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o kēia mau hopena.

Hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maʻamau. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i kēia mau mea hiki i hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i ke kōkua inā pono:

• Nā poʻo koʻikoʻi ʻaʻole e hoʻomaikaʻi me ka lāʻau ʻeha
• Nā hopu a i ʻole nā ​​convulsions
• Huikau nui a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻololi i ke kūlana noʻonoʻo
• Ka pilikia o ka hele ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia hoʻonohonoho
• Nā loli ʻike a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia lohe
• Nausea a me ka luaʻi nui e pale ana i ka ʻai a i ʻole ka inu
• Nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi e like me ke kuni mau

Pono kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi i ka mālama olakino koke. E hāʻawi kāu hui mālama olakino iā ʻoe i nā ʻōlelo maopopo e pili ana i ka manawa e kāhea ai iā lākou a me nā hōʻailona e pono ai ka mālama ulia pōpilikia.

Hiki i nā pilikia laha akā koʻikoʻi ke komo i ka mumū o ka lolo (encephalitis) a i ʻole ka pōʻino o ke kuamoʻo. ʻOiai ʻaʻole maʻamau kēia mau mea, nānā pono kāu hui lapaʻau iā ʻoe no nā hōʻailona o kēia mau maʻi. Hiki i nā hopena lōʻihi i ka hoʻomanaʻo a i ʻole ka noʻonoʻo ke hana i kekahi manawa, ʻoiai he nui nā maʻi e mālama i ka hana cognitive maikaʻi i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana.

ʻO wai ka mea ʻaʻole pono e lawe i ka Cytarabine Liposome?

ʻAʻole kūpono ka Cytarabine liposome no nā mea a pau, a e loiloi pono kāu kauka inā palekana ia no ʻoe. ʻAʻole pono ka poʻe me nā maʻi maʻi i kā lākou ʻōnaehana nerve waena e loaʻa i kēia lāʻau a hiki i ka wā e mālama piha ʻia ai ka maʻi.

ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e loaʻa i kēia lāʻau inā he maʻi ʻike ʻia ʻoe i ka cytarabine a i ʻole kekahi ʻāpana o ka formulation liposome. E akahele nō hoʻi kāu kauka inā he pilikia koʻikoʻi kou puʻupaʻa a i ʻole ke akepaʻa, no ka mea, hiki i kēia mau maʻi ke hoʻopilikia i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o kou kino i ka lāʻau.

Pono kekahi mau maʻi olakino i ka noʻonoʻo kūikawā ma mua o ka mālama ʻana:

• Nā maʻi maʻi ʻōnaehana nerve waena
• Nā maʻi koko koʻikoʻi
• Maʻi puʻupaʻa a i ʻole ke akepaʻa
• Ka ʻoki ʻana i ka lolo a i ʻole ka trauma
• Hāpai a i ʻole ka hānai ʻana
• Nā pilikia puʻuwai koʻikoʻi
• Mōʻaukala o nā hopu

E nānā pono kāu hui mālama olakino i kāu mōʻaukala olakino a me ke kūlana olakino o kēia manawa e hoʻoholo ai inā kūpono kēia lapaʻau iā ʻoe. E noʻonoʻo pū lākou i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe āu e lawe nei e pili pū ana me ka cytarabine liposome.

Inā hāpai ʻoe a i ʻole e hāpai ana paha, hiki i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ke hōʻino i kāu pēpē e ulu ana. Pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka mana hānau kūpono i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana a no kekahi mau mahina ma hope o kāu lāʻau hope loa. Pēlā nō, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hānai i ka waiū i ka wā e loaʻa ana kēia lāʻau lapaʻau.

Inoa Brand Cytarabine Liposome

ʻO ka inoa brand no cytarabine liposome ʻo DepoCyt, i hana ʻia e Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals. ʻO kēia wale nō ke ʻano kūʻai aku o ka liposomal cytarabine no ka hoʻohana intrathecal ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

Hele mai ʻo DepoCyt ma ke ʻano he hoʻokuʻu keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo ʻole e hoʻomākaukau ai kāu mea mālama ola kino no kāu injection. ʻAʻole like me kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau i mākaukau e hoʻohana, pono kēia formulation i ka mālama kūikawā a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana e nā poʻe loea lapaʻau i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia.

Hiki nō hoʻi iā ʻoe ke lohe i nā mea mālama ola kino e kuhikuhi ana i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma kona inoa generic, cytarabine liposome injection, a i kekahi manawa ma ke ʻano he liposomal cytarabine. ʻO kēia mau huaʻōlelo a pau e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau like, e hoʻohana wale ana i nā ʻano inoa like ʻole.

Nā Koho ʻē aʻe o Cytarabine Liposome

Nui nā koho ʻē aʻe no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi i loko o ke kikowaena o ke aʻalolo, ʻoiai e hilinaʻi ka koho ʻana i kāu ʻano maʻi maʻi a me ke kūlana olakino. ʻO ka chemotherapy intrathecal kuʻuna me ka cytarabine maʻamau kekahi koho, ʻoiai e koi ana i nā injections pinepine.

ʻO nā lāʻau chemotherapy intrathecal ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka methotrexate a me ka thiotepa, e hana ʻokoʻa ana ma mua o cytarabine akā hiki ke maikaʻi no kekahi mau maʻi maʻi. Hiki nō hoʻi i kāu kauka ke noʻonoʻo i nā lāʻau chemotherapy systemic e hiki ke hele i ka pale koko-lolo, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia kēia mau mea ma mua o nā lāʻau intrathecal.

ʻO ka radiation therapy i ka lolo a me ke kuamoʻo kekahi koho lapaʻau, ma ke ʻano hoʻokahi a i hui pū ʻia me ka chemotherapy. Ke aʻo ʻia nei kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia a me nā immunotherapies no nā maʻi maʻi kikowaena o ke aʻalolo, ʻoiai ke noiʻi ʻia nei kēia mau mea.

Aia nō ke koho maikaʻi loa iā ʻoe ma nā mea e like me ke ʻano o kāu maʻi ʻaʻai, nā lāʻau i hala, ke olakino holoʻokoʻa, a me nā pahuhopu lapaʻau. E hana pū kāu kauka maʻi ʻaʻai me ʻoe e hoʻoholo i ke ala kūpono loa no kou kūlana.

Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka Cytarabine Liposome ma mua o ka Cytarabine maʻamau?

Hāʻawi ka Cytarabine liposome i nā mea maikaʻi he nui ma mua o ka cytarabine maʻamau no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi ʻaʻai o ke kikowaena o ke aʻalolo. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui e noho ana ia i ka hana i loko o kāu wai iwi kuamoʻo no ka lōʻihi loa, e hāʻawi ana i ka lapaʻau ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me ka liʻiliʻi o nā injections.

ʻO ka cytarabine maʻamau i hāʻawi ʻia i loko o ka intrathecally e koi pinepine i nā injections i ʻelua manawa i ka pule, ʻoiai e hāʻawi ʻia ka formulation liposome i kēlā me kēia ʻelua pule. ʻO ia hoʻi ka liʻiliʻi o nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau a me ka maikaʻi o ke ola i ka wā o ka lapaʻau.

Hōʻike nā haʻawina e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka formulation liposome i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai i ke kikowaena o ke aʻalolo i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka cytarabine maʻamau. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu mau ʻana e hiki ai i nā pae lāʻau lapaʻau mau i ka manawa, e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o nā cell maʻi ʻaʻai.

Eia naʻe, hiki i ka cytarabine liposome ke hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao like ʻole ma mua o ka cytarabine maʻamau, a hiki i kekahi poʻe maʻi ke ʻae i kekahi ma mua o kekahi. E noʻonoʻo kāu kauka i kou kūlana pilikino, me ke ʻano o kāu maʻi ʻaʻai, nā lāʻau i hala, a me ke olakino holoʻokoʻa i ka wā e hoʻoholo ai i ka formulation maikaʻi loa iā ʻoe.

Nā nīnau i nīnau pinepine ʻia e pili ana i ka Cytarabine Liposome

Ua palekana ka Cytarabine Liposome no ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes?

Hiki ke hoʻohana palekana ʻia ka Cytarabine liposome i ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes, akā pono paha e nānā pono ʻia kou pae kō koko i ka wā o ka lapaʻau. Hiki i ka steroid premedication (dexamethasone) ke hoʻonui i nā pae kō koko, no laila e hoʻoponopono paha kāu kauka i kāu mau lāʻau lapaʻau diabetes no ka manawa.

Pono ʻoe e hana pili me kāu kauka oncologist a me kāu hui mālama maʻi diabetes e mālama i kou kōpaʻa koko i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana. Pono kekahi poʻe maʻi i ka hoʻonui manawa i kā lākou lāʻau lapaʻau diabetes a i ʻole ka nānā pinepine ʻana i ke kōpaʻa koko, ʻoi loa i nā lā e loaʻa ai iā ʻoe ka lāʻau steroid.

He aha kaʻu e hana ai inā loaʻa iaʻu nā hopena ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi?

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hopena ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi e like me nā ʻeha poʻo nui, nā ʻeha, ka huikau nui, a i ʻole ka pilikia i ka hele ʻana, e ʻimi koke i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Mai kali e ʻike inā e hoʻomaikaʻi nā hōʻailona iā lākou iho, no ka mea, pono kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao i ka mālama wikiwiki.

E hoʻokaʻaʻike koke i kāu hui mālama ola inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka luaʻi mau e pale iā ʻoe mai ka mālama ʻana i nā wai, nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi e like me ke kuni a me nā haʻalulu, a i ʻole nā hōʻailona neurological e hopohopo ai iā ʻoe. Hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama i nā hopena ʻaoʻao a e hoʻoholo inā pono e hoʻololi i kāu hoʻolālā mālama.

He aha kaʻu e hana ai inā haʻalele au i kahi mahele i hoʻonohonoho ʻia?

Inā haʻalele ʻoe i kahi injection i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, e hoʻokaʻaʻike i kāu hui mālama ola i ka hiki wawe e hoʻonohonoho hou. No ka mea, hāʻawi ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i kahi hoʻonohonoho lapaʻau, ʻo ka haʻalele ʻana i kahi mahele, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana i kāu manawa ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau ma ka home.

Na kāu kauka e hoʻoholo i ka manawa maikaʻi loa no kāu mahele aʻe e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ka hala ʻana mai kāu injection hope loa a me kou kūlana olakino i kēia manawa. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi i kāu papa hana mālama e mālama i ke ʻano dosing maikaʻi loa no kou kūlana.

I ka manawa hea e hiki ai iaʻu ke hooki i ka lawe ʻana iā Cytarabine Liposome?

Pono ʻoe e hooki i ka mālama ʻana iā cytarabine liposome ke hoʻoholo kāu kauka he kūpono, maʻamau ke hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua ʻaʻole i ʻike hou ʻia nā cella maʻi maʻi i kāu wai spinal. ʻO ka hooki ʻana i ka wā mua e hiki ai i nā cella maʻi maʻi ke hoʻi a ulu.

E nānā kāu hui mālama ola i kou pane ʻana ma o nā hoʻokolohua wai iwi kuamoʻo a me nā kiʻi maʻamau. Ke loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi pane piha, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomau i ka mālama ʻana no kekahi mau pōʻai hou e kōkua ai i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai mai ka hoʻi ʻana mai, a i ʻole e ʻōlelo aku kāu kauka e hoʻololi i ka lāʻau mālama.

Hiki iaʻu ke kalaiwa ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o Cytarabine Liposome?

ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e kalaiwa ma hope koke o ka loaʻa ʻana o cytarabine liposome, no ka mea, hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻoulu i ka ʻūlū, ka huikau, a me nā hopena ʻē aʻe e pili ana i kou hiki ke kalaiwa palekana. E hoʻolālā e loaʻa i kekahi e kalaiwa iā ʻoe i ka home ma hope o kāu injection.

Hiki i ka hapa nui o nā maʻi ke hoʻomau i ke kalaiwa i loko o kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka pau ʻana o nā hopena ʻaoʻao, akā ʻokoʻa kēia mai kēlā kanaka i kēia kanaka. E hoʻolohe i kou kino a kalaiwa wale nō ke manaʻo ʻoe he makaʻala a hoʻonohonoho. Inā ʻoe e ʻike nei i ka ʻūlū mau, ka huikau, a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻololi ʻike, e pale i ke kalaiwa ʻana a hiki i ka pau ʻana o kēia mau hōʻailona.