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October 10, 2025
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ʻO ka lapaʻau diphtheria a me tetanus he pana pale e kōkua ana i kou kino e pale aku i ʻelua maʻi bacteria koʻikoʻi. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kēia lapaʻau hui i kou ʻōnaehana pale e ʻike a pale aku i ka diphtheria (he maʻi ʻāʻī a me ka hanu) a me ka tetanus (he maʻi e hoʻopōloli ana i nā ʻiʻo i kapa ʻia ʻo "lockjaw"). ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia lapaʻau kekahi o nā ala hilinaʻi loa e pale aku ai iā ʻoe iho a me kou kaiāulu mai kēia mau maʻi e hoʻoweliweli ana i ke ola.
Aia i loko o ka lapaʻau diphtheria a me tetanus nā mea ʻawaʻawa i hoʻopau ʻia mai nā bacteria ʻelua e hoʻoulu ai i kēia mau maʻi. Ua mālama ʻia kēia mau mea ʻawaʻawa, i kapa ʻia ʻo toxoids, e wehe i kā lākou hopena ʻino i ka wā e mālama ana i ko lākou hiki ke hoʻoulu i kou ʻōnaehana pale. Ke loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia lapaʻau, aʻo kou kino e hana i nā antibodies e kūʻē i nā maʻi ʻelua me ka maʻi ʻole.
Hele mai kēia lapaʻau i nā hui like ʻole e pili ana i kou makahiki a me nā pono. ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau e komo pū ana me Td (tetanus-diphtheria) no nā mākua a me nā ʻōpio, a me DTaP (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis) no nā keiki ʻōpio. E hoʻoholo kāu mea mālama ola i ka mana kūpono iā ʻoe e pili ana i kou makahiki, ka mōʻaukala olakino, a me ke kūlana vaccination o kēia manawa.
Pale kēia lapaʻau i ʻelua maʻi bacteria koʻikoʻi e hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi a i ʻole ka make. Hoʻokumu ka Diphtheria i kahi uhi mānoanoa i kou ʻāʻī e hiki ke ālai i kou ala ea, ʻoiai ʻo ka tetanus e hoʻoulu ai i nā spasms ʻiʻo ʻeha e hiki ke make. Ua lilo nā maʻi ʻelua i mea kakaikahi i nā ʻāina me nā papahana vaccination ikaika, akā hiki nō ke hana i nā wahi me nā helu vaccination haʻahaʻa.
Pono paha ʻoe i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o kāu mau lāʻau lapaʻau kamaliʻi maʻamau, ma ke ʻano he pana hoʻoikaika i kēlā me kēia 10 makahiki, a i ʻole ma hope o kekahi mau ʻeha. Manaʻo pū nā mea mālama ola kino iā ia no nā poʻe huakaʻi honua e kipa ana i nā wahi i ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o kēia mau maʻi. Hiki i nā wahine hāpai ke loaʻa i kahi mana e pale pū ana i ka pertussis (ʻūhū) e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i kā lākou pēpē hānau hou.
Hana kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke aʻo ʻana i kāu ʻōnaehana pale e ʻike a hakakā i nā mea ʻawaʻawa i hana ʻia e ka bacteria diphtheria a me tetanus. Ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ka pana, mālama kou kino i nā mea ʻawaʻawa i hoʻopau ʻia e like me nā mea komo ʻē a hana i nā antibodies e hakakā iā lākou. Lawe maʻamau kēia kaʻina hana ma kahi o ʻelua pule e kūkulu i ka pale piha.
Manaʻo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau he mea maikaʻi loa, e hāʻawi ana i ka pale ikaika no nā makahiki he nui. Eia naʻe, e emi mālie ana kou pale ʻana i ka manawa, ʻo ia ke kumu e pono ai ʻoe i nā pana hoʻoikaika i kēlā me kēia 10 makahiki e mālama i ka pale. He ikaika kēia lāʻau lapaʻau e hāʻawi i ka pale hilinaʻi a lōʻihi ke hāʻawi ʻia e like me ka papa manawa i ʻōlelo ʻia.
Hāʻawi ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano he injection i loko o kou ʻiʻo lima luna e kekahi mea mālama ola kino. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e lawe me ka meaʻai a i ʻole ka wai no ka mea ua lawelawe pololei ʻia i loko o kou ʻiʻo. Hiki i ka pūnaewele injection ke ʻeha a palupalu paha no hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha lā ma hope, he mea maʻamau loa ia.
Ma mua o kāu manawa, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻai maʻamau a ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e pale i kekahi mau meaʻai. Eia naʻe, e hōʻike i kāu mea mālama ola kino inā ʻaʻole ʻoe maikaʻi me ke kuni a i ʻole ka maʻi koʻikoʻi, no ka mea, hiki iā lākou ke ʻōlelo e hoʻopaneʻe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a hiki i kou maikaʻi ʻana. ʻAʻole pale maʻamau nā hōʻailona anu māmā iā ʻoe mai ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, he mea kōkua ke hoʻoneʻe mālie i kou lima i ka lā a pau e hōʻemi i ka ʻeha. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopili i kahi lole anuanu a pulu i ka wahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka lāʻau inā ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu. Hiki i ka hapa nui o nā kānaka ke hoʻi i kā lākou hana maʻamau ma hope koke o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
ʻAʻole ka lāʻau lapaʻau diphtheria a me tetanus i mea āu e lawe mau ai e like me ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kēlā me kēia lā. Akā, loaʻa iā ʻoe ma ke ʻano he pūʻulu pana i ka manawa e kūkulu a mālama i kou pale ʻana. ʻO ka pūʻulu mua e pili ana i nā mahele he nui i hāʻawi ʻia i nā mahina ma hope, a ukali ʻia e nā pana booster i kēlā me kēia 10 makahiki i kou ola.
No nā mākua i hōʻole ʻia a i ʻole ʻaʻole maopopo i kā lākou mōʻaukala lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo ka pūʻulu mua e pili ana i ʻekolu mau mahele i hohola ʻia ma luna o 6 a 12 mau mahina. Loaʻa i nā keiki kā lākou mau mahele e like me ka papa manawa kikoʻī e hoʻomaka ana i 2 mau mahina o ka makahiki. E mālama kāu mea mālama ola i ka wā e pono ai ʻoe i kāu pana booster aʻe.
ʻO kēia ala ola e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana e mālama ʻoe i ka pale ikaika i nā maʻi ʻelua. ʻOiai inā ua hoʻopau ʻoe i ka pūʻulu mua, pono ʻoe i kēlā mau boosters maʻamau no ka mea e emi ana kou pale ʻana i ka manawa. ʻO ka nalo ʻana i nā pana booster hiki ke waiho iā ʻoe i ka maʻi.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kānaka e ʻike wale i nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻalahi mai ka lāʻau lapaʻau diphtheria a me tetanus, a ʻaʻole nui nā hopena ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka hopena maʻamau ka ʻeha, ka ʻulaʻula, a i ʻole ka pehu ʻana ma ka wahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka lāʻau, e mau ana ma kahi o 1 a 2 mau lā. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe i ka luhi a i ʻole ka maʻi poʻo maʻalahi no hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha lā.
Eia nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau āu e ʻike ai, a he mea nui e ʻike he mau hōʻailona kēia e pane maʻamau ana kāu ʻōnaehana pale i ka lāʻau lapaʻau:
Hoʻoponopono maʻamau kēia mau hopena iā lākou iho i loko o kekahi mau lā a hiki ke mālama ʻia me nā mea hōʻeha ʻeha a me ka hoʻomaha inā pono.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole maʻamau, hiki i kekahi poʻe ke ʻike i nā hopena ʻaoʻao i ʻike ʻia e hāʻule mau ana i loko o ka pae maʻamau o nā hopena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau:
ʻO kēia mau hopena, ʻoiai ʻoluʻolu ʻole, he manawa pōkole a hōʻike i ka hana ʻana o kāu ʻōnaehana pale i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi.
He kakaikahi nā hopena ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi akā hiki ke hana, a he mea nui e ʻike iā lākou i hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau inā pono:
Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona koʻikoʻi, e kelepona koke i kāu mea mālama ola a i ʻole e ʻimi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau pilikia.
ʻOiai palekana ka lāʻau lapaʻau diphtheria a me tetanus no ka hapa nui o nā kānaka, pono e pale aku kekahi poʻe a i ʻole e hoʻopaneʻe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hopena maʻi koʻikoʻi i kahi mahele mua o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole kekahi o kāna mau mea, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e loaʻa hou. Hiki i kāu mea mālama ola ke kōkua i ka hoʻoholo inā hāʻule ʻoe i kēia mahele.
Pono ka poʻe maʻi maʻi a i ʻole maʻi nui e kali a hiki i ka wā e ola ai ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻAʻole kēia e komo i nā maʻi liʻiliʻi e like me ke anu maʻalahi, akā inā he kuni kou a i ʻole e maʻi maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Kōkua kēia i ka hōʻoia ʻana e hiki i kāu ʻōnaehana pale ke pane pono i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Eia nā kūlana kikoʻī kahi e kūkākūkā pono ai ʻoe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau me kāu mea mālama ola:
E kaupaona kāu mea mālama ola i nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā pilikia e pili ana i kāu kūlana pilikino a hiki ke ʻōlelo i nā hoʻololi i ka papa hana lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau.
Loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau diphtheria a me tetanus ma lalo o nā inoa inoa like ʻole, ma muli o ka hui pū ʻana a me ka mea hana. ʻO nā inoa inoa maʻamau e pili ana iā Tenivac a me Td Generic no ka hui ʻana o ka tetanus-diphtheria makua. No nā keiki, loaʻa nā lāʻau lapaʻau DTaP e like me Daptacel a me Infanrix.
Na kāu mea mālama ola e koho i ka brand kūpono loa e pili ana i kou makahiki, nā pono olakino, a me nā mea i loaʻa. Hoʻokō nā brand a pau i ʻae ʻia i nā kūlana palekana a me ka pono like, no laila ʻaʻole nui ka mea nui o ka brand kikoʻī ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka papa manawa i ʻōlelo ʻia. E komo ana kāu moʻolelo lāʻau lapaʻau i ka brand kikoʻī āu i loaʻa ai no ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Nui nā hui pū ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i loaʻa e komo pū ana i ka pale ʻana i ka diphtheria a me ka tetanus me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka koho ʻē aʻe maʻamau ʻo ka lāʻau lapaʻau DTaP, e hoʻohui ana i ka pale ʻana i ka pertussis (ʻūhū) a hāʻawi pinepine ʻia i nā keiki. No nā mākua, hāʻawi ka Tdap i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi ʻekolu like a ua ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia no kekahi mau kūlana.
Inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau hui pū ʻana ma muli o nā maʻi allergies a i ʻole nā kumu olakino ʻē aʻe, hiki i kāu mea mālama ola ke ʻōlelo e loaʻa nā lāʻau lapaʻau kaʻawale no kēlā me kēia maʻi. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole maʻamau kēia a pono paha i kahi papa manawa lāʻau lapaʻau paʻakikī. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau hui pū ʻana no ka mea hāʻawi lākou i ka pale ākea me ka liʻiliʻi o nā pana.
Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke loaʻa i nā hui pū ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau like ʻole e pili ana i kā lākou hoʻolālā huakaʻi a i ʻole nā pilikia olakino kikoʻī. E kōkua kāu mea mālama ola e hoʻoholo i ke koho maikaʻi loa no kou mau kūlana pilikino, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā mea e like me kou makahiki, ka mōʻaukala olakino, a me ka pilikia o ka hōʻike ʻana i kēia mau maʻi.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau diphtheria a me tetanus hui pū ʻana ma mua o nā lāʻau lapaʻau pākahi no kekahi mau kumu kūpono. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻelua i hoʻokahi pana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka liʻiliʻi o nā kipa kauka, ka liʻiliʻi o ka hōʻoluʻolu ʻole, a me ka hoʻokō maikaʻi ʻana i ka papa manawa lāʻau lapaʻau. Ua hoʻāʻo nui ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau hui pū ʻana a ua hōʻoia ʻia he mea pono e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau kaʻawale.
Mai ka manaʻo olakino lehulehu, kōkua nā lāʻau lapaʻau hui e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pale piha ʻana o nā kānaka he nui i nā maʻi ʻelua. Ke hui pū ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻole nui ka manawa e hala ai nā lāʻau a i ʻole e hāʻule ana ma hope o ka papa hana i ʻōlelo ʻia. Ua kūleʻa loa kēia hana i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka diphtheria a me ka tetanus ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
Eia naʻe, pono paha nā lāʻau lapaʻau pākahi i nā hihia kakaikahi kahi i loaʻa ai i kekahi kanaka ka maʻi maʻi i kekahi mea akā ʻaʻole i kekahi. Hiki i kāu mea mālama ola ke kōkua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā ʻoi aku ka kūpono o ka lāʻau lapaʻau hui a i ʻole nā lāʻau lapaʻau kaʻawale no kāu kūlana kikoʻī.
ʻAe, ua manaʻo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau tetanus-diphtheria he palekana i ka wā hāpai, a ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka mana Tdap (e komo pū ana me ka pertussis) i ka wā o kēlā me kēia hāpai. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka wā hāpai, ma waena o 27-36 pule, kōkua i ka pale ʻana iā ʻoe a me kāu pēpē. Hele nā antibodies āu e hoʻomohala ai ma waena o ka placenta a hāʻawi i ka pale i kāu keiki hānau hou i nā mahina mua o ko lākou ola.
Pono nā wahine hāpai e loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau Tdap i ka wā o kēlā me kēia hāpai, ʻoiai inā ua loaʻa iā lākou ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua. Hoʻopaʻa kēia manawa i ka hoʻoili antibody kiʻekiʻe i ka pēpē a hāʻawi i ka pale ikaika loa i ka wā o ka manawa keiki hānau hou. E kūkākūkā kāu mea mālama ola i ka manawa maikaʻi loa no kāu kūlana kikoʻī.
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi lāʻau lapaʻau diphtheria a me tetanus keu, mai hopohopo - ʻaʻole kēia e hōʻeha nui. ʻAʻole hāʻawi nā lāʻau lapaʻau keu i ka pale hou, akā ʻaʻole paha lākou e hoʻoulu i nā hopena ʻaoʻao hou aʻe ma mua o kāu e ʻike ai. ʻO ka hopena maʻamau he ʻeha iki a i ʻole ka pehu ʻana ma kahi o ka injection.
E launa me kāu mea mālama ola e hōʻike iā lākou e pili ana i ka lāʻau hou i hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoponopono i kāu mau moʻolelo lāʻau lapaʻau. E kōkua lākou iā ʻoe e hoʻoholo i ka manawa e pono ai ʻoe i kāu pana hoʻoikaika hou e hiki mai ana. E mālama i nā palapala o kāu mau lāʻau lapaʻau a pau e pale aku i kēia kūlana i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻoiai inā ʻoe e ʻike i nā mea mālama ola like ʻole.
Inā ua hala ʻoe i kahi lāʻau i hoʻonohonoho ʻia o ka lāʻau lapaʻau diphtheria a me tetanus, e launa me kāu mea mālama ola i ka hiki wawe e hoʻonohonoho hou. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻomaka hou i ka moʻo holoʻokoʻa - hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomau mai kahi āu i haʻalele ai. Hiki ke maʻalahi ka manawa ma waena o nā lāʻau, a he mea pono nō hoʻi ka lāʻau i hoʻopanee ʻia.
No nā pana hoʻoikaika, inā ua hala ʻoe (ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mau makahiki mai kāu lāʻau hope loa), pono ʻoe e kiʻi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka wā hiki. ʻAʻohe palena kiʻekiʻe ma waena o nā lāʻau, no laila, ʻoiai inā ua hala ʻoe, e hoʻihoʻi kahi pana hoʻoikaika i kāu pale. Hiki i kāu mea mālama ola ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻi i ke ala me ka papa i ʻōlelo ʻia.
Pono ʻoe e hoʻomau i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pana hoʻoikaika diphtheria a me tetanus i kou ola holoʻokoʻa, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe makahiki e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hooki palekana. He mau pilikia koʻikoʻi nā maʻi ʻelua no nā kānaka o nā makahiki a pau, a e emi maoli ana kou pale ʻana i ka manawa me ka ʻole o nā pana hoʻoikaika. He palekana a maikaʻi nō hoʻi ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā kānaka ʻelemakule.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo paipai maʻamau, e loaʻa i kahi pana hoʻoikaika i kēlā me kēia 10 makahiki no ke ola. Hiki i kekahi mau mea mālama ola ke paipai i ka hoʻomau ʻana i nā mea hoʻoikaika no nā kānaka me ka palena o ke ola, no ka mea, hiki ke koʻikoʻi nā maʻi i nā mākua ʻelemakule. E kōkua kāu mea mālama ola iā ʻoe e hana i nā hoʻoholo e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i kou olakino holoʻokoʻa a me nā kūlana ola.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kānaka me nā maʻi olakino maʻi e hiki ke loaʻa palekana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau diphtheria a me tetanus a hiki ke pōmaikaʻi hou mai ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma muli o ko lākou pilikia nui o nā pilikia mai kēia mau maʻi. ʻAʻole e pale nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi diabetes, ka maʻi puʻuwai, a i ʻole ka maʻi māmā iā ʻoe mai ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a ua ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā kānaka me kēia mau maʻi.
Inā he maʻi kou e pili ana i kāu ʻōnaehana pale a i ʻole e lawe i nā lāʻau e kāohi ana i ka pale, e kūkākūkā i ka manawa a me ke ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau me kāu mea mālama ola. Pono paha ʻoe i nā mea kūikawā, akā ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā pilikia. E hana pū kāu mea mālama ola me ʻoe e hoʻoholo i ke ala palekana loa no kāu kūlana.
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