He aha ka Ephedrine (Ala Intravenous): Nā Hoʻohana, Ka Leka, Nā ʻAoʻao ʻAoʻao a me nā mea hou aku

He lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Ephedrine e kōkua ana i ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana i ke koko ke hāʻule i lalo i ka wā o nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau a i ʻole nā kūlana olakino. Hāʻawi ʻia ma o ka laina IV (intravenous) pololei i loko o kou kahe koko, hana koke kēia lāʻau lapaʻau e kōkua i kou puʻuwai e pauma ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a hoʻopaʻa i kou mau kīʻaha koko ke pono kou kino i ke kākoʻo koke.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i nā haukapila a me nā keʻena lapaʻau kahi e hiki ai i nā mea mālama ola ke nānā pono iā ʻoe. ʻOiai he mea nui ia, ua hoʻohana palekana ʻia ka ephedrine IV no nā makahiki he nui e kōkua i nā kānaka ma nā kūlana lapaʻau paʻakikī.

He aha ka Ephedrine?

He lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻoulu ʻo Ephedrine e hoʻohālike i kekahi mau mea kemika maoli i loko o kou kino i kapa ʻia ʻo catecholamines. Kōkua kēia mau mea kemika i ka mālama ʻana i kou puʻuwai, ke koko, a me ka hanu ʻana. Ke hāʻawi ʻia ma o ka IV, hana ka ephedrine e like me ka hoʻoikaika mālie i kāu ʻōnaehana cardiovascular, e kōkua ana i ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ke hakakā nei.

E noʻonoʻo i ka ephedrine ma ke ʻano he mea kōkua manawa e komo i loko ke pono nā ʻōnaehana maoli o kou kino i ke kākoʻo. Manaʻo ʻia he lāʻau lapaʻau ikaika i hana wikiwiki akā palekana ke hoʻohana ʻia ma lalo o ka mālama ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

No ke aha e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka Ephedrine?

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Ephedrine IV e mālama i ke koko haʻahaʻa (hypotension) e hana ʻia i ka wā o nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau a i ʻole kekahi mau maʻi lapaʻau. Hiki i kāu kauka ke hoʻohana i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ke hāʻule kou koko i nā pae e hiki ke pilikia no kou mau ʻōkana.

ʻO nā kūlana maʻamau kahi e loaʻa ai iā ʻoe ka ephedrine IV e komo pū ana i ka wā o ke ʻoki ʻana ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka anesthesia i kou koko, a i ʻole i ka wā o ka anesthesia spinal no nā kaʻina hana e like me C-sections. Hoʻohana ʻia nō hoʻi ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole nā maʻi lapaʻau i kou koko.

I kekahi manawa, hoʻohana nā kauka i ka ephedrine e kōkua i nā hopena maʻi maʻi koʻikoʻi a i ʻole nā hōʻeha asthma, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maʻamau kēia me ke ʻano IV. Hiki nō hoʻi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke kōkua i ka hana o kou puʻuwai i nā kūlana pilikia.

Pehea e Hana ai ka Ephedrine?

Hana ka ephedrine ma ka hoʻāla ʻana i nā mea hoʻokipa kikoʻī i loko o kou kino i kapa ʻia ʻo alpha a me beta-adrenergic receptors. Ke hoʻāla ʻia kēia mau mea hoʻokipa, hoʻoulu lākou i kou puʻuwai e paʻi ikaika a wikiwiki, ʻoiai e hoʻopaʻa ana i kou mau kīʻaha koko. Kōkua kēia hui ʻana i ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana i kou koko i ke koko wikiwiki a maikaʻi.

Hoʻokuʻu pū ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kekahi o ka adrenaline maoli o kou kino (epinephrine) mai nā wahi mālama, e hoʻohui ana i kāna mau hopena e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ke koko. Hana kēia i ka ephedrine i mea kūpono loa no ka mea e hana ana ma nā ala he nui i loko o kou kino.

Ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau ikaika, hoʻomaka ka ephedrine e hana i loko o 5-10 mau minuke ma hope o ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana ma o kāu IV. ʻO ka maʻamau, mau nā hopena no kahi o 30-60 mau minuke, e hāʻawi ana i kāu hui lapaʻau i ka manawa e hoʻoponopono ai i ke kumu o kou koko haʻahaʻa.

Pehea e Lawe ai au i ka Ephedrine?

Hāʻawi ʻia ka Ephedrine IV e nā poʻe loea mālama ola i nā wahi lapaʻau e like me nā haukapila, nā kikowaena ʻoki, a i ʻole nā lumi pilikia. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e hopohopo e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau iā ʻoe iho, no ka mea, pono ia i ka nānā pono ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka nui o ka lāʻau i hiki i nā limahana lapaʻau i aʻo ʻia ke hāʻawi.

Hoʻohui ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka wai paʻakai sterile a hāʻawi mālie ʻia ma o kāu laina IV. E nānā kāu hui mālama ola i kou koko, ka helu o ka puʻuwai, a me ke kūlana holoʻokoʻa i ka wā e loaʻa ai iā ʻoe ka lāʻau lapaʻau. E hoʻoponopono lākou i ka nui o ka lāʻau i ke ʻano o ka pane ʻana o kou kino.

Mai ka mea i hāʻawi ʻia i kahi hoʻonohonoho lapaʻau, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hopohopo e pili ana i ka manawa me nā meaʻai a i ʻole nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe. E mālama kāu hui lapaʻau i nā hoʻomākaukau a me ka lawelawe ʻana, e hōʻoia ana e loaʻa iā ʻoe ka nui kūpono i ka manawa kūpono.

Pehea ka lōʻihi e lawe ai au i ka Ephedrine?

Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia ka Ephedrine IV no nā manawa pōkole, maʻamau i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana lapaʻau a i ʻole a paʻa ke koko. Loaʻa i ka hapa nui o nā kānaka kēia lāʻau lapaʻau no kekahi mau minuke a i kekahi mau hola, ma muli o ko lākou kūlana.

E hooki kāu hui mālama ola kino i ka hāʻawi ʻana iā ʻoe i ka ephedrine ke hoʻi hou ke koko i nā pae palekana a paʻa mau i kāna iho. Hiki ke hana wikiwiki kēia inā he hopena manawa pōkole kāu i ka anesthesia, a i ʻole e lōʻihi paha inā he maʻi maʻi kou e pili ana i ke koko.

ʻO ka hoʻoholo e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka ephedrine e pili ana i kou maʻi olakino a me ke ʻano o kou kino e pane ai. E loiloi mau kāu mau kauka inā pono ʻoe i ke kākoʻo o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole hiki i kou kino ke mālama i ke koko olakino ma kāna iho.

He aha nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ka Ephedrine?

E like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki i ka ephedrine ke hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao, ʻoiai he nui ka poʻe e ʻae maikaʻi iā ia ke hoʻohana pono ʻia. Ma muli o ka nānā pono ʻia ʻoe i kahi hoʻonohonoho lapaʻau, hiki ke ʻike koke ʻia a mālama ʻia nā hopena ʻaoʻao e kāu hui mālama ola kino.

Eia nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau e hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike:

• Ke ʻano ʻoluʻolu a hopohopo paha
• ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o ka puʻuwai
• He poʻo liʻiliʻi
• Nausea a i ʻole ka ʻōpū
• Ka hou ʻana a i ʻole ka manaʻo mehana
• He pilikia i ka hiamoe (inā hāʻawi ʻia ma hope o ka lā)
• ʻO ka ʻūlū a i ʻole ka manaʻo māmā

He maʻalahi a he manawa pōkole kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau. Manaʻo kāu hui lapaʻau i kēia mau hopena a ʻike pehea e kōkua ai iā ʻoe e ʻoluʻolu inā loaʻa lākou.

ʻOi aku ka pilikia o nā hopena ʻē aʻe, akā pono e mālama koke ʻia e ke kauka. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke komo i ka ʻeha nui o ka umauma, ka puʻuwai ʻole, ke koko kiʻekiʻe loa, a i ʻole ke poʻo nui. Eia naʻe, no ka mea aia ʻoe i loko o kahi keʻena lapaʻau me ka nānā mau ʻana, hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia mau kūlana me ka wikiwiki a me ka palekana.

Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke loaʻa nā hopena ʻē aʻe, akā koʻikoʻi e like me nā hopena maʻi maʻi nui, ka hahau ʻana, a i ʻole ka puʻuwai. ʻOiai ʻaʻole maʻamau kēia mau mea, ua mākaukau kāu hui lapaʻau e mālama i nā pilikia e hiki mai ana.

ʻO wai ka mea ʻaʻole pono e lawe i ka Ephedrine?

Pono kekahi poʻe e pale i ka ephedrine a i ʻole e hoʻohana me ka akahele loa. E nānā pono kāu hui lapaʻau i kāu moʻolelo olakino ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻana iā ʻoe i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau e hōʻoia i ka palekana iā ʻoe.

ʻO ka poʻe i ʻole e loaʻa i ka ephedrine, ʻo ia ka poʻe me ka maʻi puʻuwai nui, ke koko kiʻekiʻe ʻole, a i ʻole kekahi mau pilikia o ka puʻuwai. Inā he moʻolelo kou o ka hahau ʻana, ka maʻi kīkī nui, a i ʻole kekahi ʻano o ka glaucoma, pono ke kauka e loiloi pono i nā pilikia a me nā pōmaikaʻi.

E akahele nō hoʻi kāu hui mālama ola inā he maʻi diabetes kāu, nā pilikia thyroid, a i ʻole e lawe i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau e like me MAO inhibitors a i ʻole tricyclic antidepressants. ʻAʻole e pale ʻakomi kēia mau kūlana iā ʻoe mai ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ephedrine, akā pono lākou i ka nānā hou ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka dosage.

Hiki i nā wahine hāpai ke loaʻa ka ephedrine ke pono i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoiai i ka wā o nā ʻāpana C, akā e nānā pono nā kauka i ka makuahine a me ka pēpē. Inā ʻoe e hānai ana i ka waiū, e noʻonoʻo kāu hui mālama ola i nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā pilikia no ʻoe a me kāu pēpē.

Nā inoa inoa o Ephedrine

Loaʻa ka Ephedrine IV ma lalo o nā inoa inoa like ʻole, ʻoiai he nui nā halemai e hoʻohana i ka mana generic. ʻO nā inoa inoa maʻamau e komo pū ana me Akovaz, i hana kūikawā ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka injection i nā keʻena lapaʻau.

E hoʻohana ana kāu hui mālama ola i ke ʻano o ka ephedrine i loaʻa ma kā lākou wahi. Hana like nā ʻano i ʻae ʻia e ka FDA a pau a loaʻa ka palekana like ke hoʻohana pono ʻia. ʻAʻole mea nui ke ʻano inoa a i ʻole generic no ka hopena o kāu lapaʻau.

Nā Koho ʻē aʻe o Ephedrine

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe ma kahi o ka ephedrine e mālama ai i ke koko haʻahaʻa, a hiki i kāu kauka ke koho i nā koho ʻē aʻe e pili ana i kāu kūlana. ʻO Phenylephrine kekahi koho maʻamau e hana like ana akā makemake ʻia i kekahi mau maʻi puʻuwai.

ʻO Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) kekahi koho ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka hāʻule nui ʻana o ke koko. Hiki ke koho ʻia ʻo Dopamine inā pono ʻoe i ke kākoʻo no ka hana ʻana o kou puʻuwai. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o kēia mau koho ʻē aʻe nā pōmaikaʻi ponoʻī a koho ʻia e pili ana i kāu mau pono pilikino.

E koho kāu hui lapaʻau i ka lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa no kāu kūlana. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e hopohopo e pili ana i ke koho i hoʻohana ʻia, no ka mea, he pono a palekana kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau a pau ke hoʻohana pono ʻia i nā wahi lapaʻau.

Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o Ephedrine ma mua o Phenylephrine?

He lāʻau lapaʻau pono ʻo Ephedrine a me phenylephrine no ka mālama ʻana i ke koko haʻahaʻa, akā hana lākou i nā ʻano like ʻole. Hoʻonui ʻo Ephedrine i ka helu o ka puʻuwai a me ke koko, ʻoiai ʻo phenylephrine e hoʻonui nui i ke koko me ka hoʻopilikia ʻole i ka helu o ka puʻuwai.

Koho kāu kauka ma waena o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i kāu kūlana. Inā pono ʻoe i kou puʻuwai e pauma ikaika ma waho o ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana i kou koko, makemake ʻia ʻo ephedrine. Inā pono ʻoe i ke kākoʻo koko me ka hoʻopilikia ʻole i ka helu o kou puʻuwai, ʻo phenylephrine paha ke koho maikaʻi.

ʻAʻole i maikaʻi kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua o kekahi. ʻO ke koho maikaʻi loa e hilinaʻi ana i kou kūlana olakino pilikino, nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe āu e lawe nei, a me nā mea e pono ai kou kino i kēlā manawa. Loaʻa i kāu hui mālama ola ke akamai e hana i kēia hoʻoholo nāu.

Nā Nīnau i Nīnau pinepine ʻia e pili ana iā Ephedrine

Q1. He palekana anei ʻo Ephedrine no ka maʻi puʻuwai?

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Ephedrine i ka poʻe me ka maʻi puʻuwai, akā pono e nānā pono a noʻonoʻo. E hana pū kāu cardiologist a me ka anesthesiologist e hoʻoholo inā kūpono ʻo ephedrine no kou kūlana puʻuwai.

Inā he maʻi puʻuwai maʻalahi kāu, hiki ke hoʻohana palekana ʻia ʻo ephedrine me ka nānā pono. Eia naʻe, inā he maʻi puʻuwai koʻikoʻi kāu, angina paʻa ʻole, a i ʻole ka puʻuwai i hala koke aku nei, hiki i kāu hui lapaʻau ke koho i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe i ʻoi aku ka palekana no kou puʻuwai.

Q2. He aha kaʻu e hana ai inā ua hoʻohana hewa au i ka nui o Ephedrine?

No ka mea, hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ephedrine IV e nā poʻe loea mālama ola i nā wahi lapaʻau, he mea maʻamau loa ka overdose ulia e nā maʻi. Hoʻohālikelike a nānā pono kāu hui lapaʻau i kēlā me kēia mahele e pale aku i kēia kūlana.

Inā hāʻawi ʻia ka nui o ka ephedrine, e kāpae koke kāu hui mālama ola i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a hāʻawi i ka mālama kākoʻo. Hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kūʻē i nā hopena o ephedrine a e nānā pono lākou i kou puʻuwai a me ke koko a hiki i kou paʻa ʻana.

Q3. He aha kaʻu e hana ai inā ua hala au i kahi mahele o Ephedrine?

ʻAʻole pili kēia nīnau i ka ephedrine IV no ka mea e hāʻawi mau ʻia e kāu hui mālama ola i kahi wahi lapaʻau. ʻAʻole ʻoe e kuleana no ka lawe ʻana i nā mahele iā ʻoe iho, a hōʻoia kāu hui lapaʻau e loaʻa iā ʻoe ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka manawa a me ka nui āu e pono ai.

E hoʻoponopono kāu poʻe mālama ola i kāu mahele ephedrine e pili ana i kou koko a me ke ʻano o ka pane ʻana o kou kino. E hoʻomau lākou a i ʻole e kāpae i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i kāu pono olakino, ʻaʻole ma kahi papa manawa paʻa.

Q4. Āhea e hiki ai iaʻu ke hooki i ka lawe ʻana i ka Ephedrine?

E hooki kāu hui mālama ola kino i ka hāʻawi ʻana iā ʻoe i ka ephedrine ke paʻa ke koko a hiki i kou kino ke mālama i ke koko olakino ma kona iho. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia hoʻoholo ma ka nānā mau ʻana i kāu mau hōʻailona ola a me ke kūlana holoʻokoʻa.

ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e hana i kēia hoʻoholo iā ʻoe iho. E hoʻemi mālie kāu hui lapaʻau i ka mahele a i ʻole e hooki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻoholo lākou he palekana a kūpono hoʻi no kou kūlana.

Q5. Hiki iaʻu ke kalaiwa ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka Ephedrine?

ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e kalaiwa koke ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ephedrine IV, ʻoiai ua hāʻawi ʻia i ka wā o nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau a i ʻole nā kūlana pilikia. Hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻoulu i ka haʻalulu, ka wili, a i ʻole nā hopena ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i kou hiki ke kalaiwa palekana.

E haʻi aku kāu hui mālama ola kino iā ʻoe i ka wā e palekana ai ke hoʻomau i nā hana maʻamau e like me ke kalaiwa. Ma muli paha kēia i kou manaʻo, inā paha ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau kaʻina hana, a me ka lōʻihi o kou loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.