He aha ka Ethambutol: Nā hoʻohana, ka nui, nā hopena ʻaoʻao a me nā mea hou aku

ʻO Ethambutol kahi lāʻau antibiotic i hoʻolālā ʻia e hakakā i ka maʻi tuberculosis (TB) bacteria. Hana ia ma ka hoʻōki ʻana i kēia mau bacteria ʻino mai ke kūkulu ʻana i ko lākou mau paia cell pale, kahi e nāwaliwali ai lākou a kōkua i ka ʻōnaehana pale o kou kino e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka maʻi me ka maikaʻi.

Hoʻohana mau ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau me nā lāʻau TB ʻē aʻe no ka mea he paʻakikī loa nā bacteria tuberculosis a hiki ke kūʻē i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻokahi. E noʻonoʻo iā ia ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o kahi hui e hana ai kahi e hoʻouka ai kēlā me kēia lāʻau i ka bacteria ma ke ʻano ʻokoʻa, e paʻakikī loa ai ka maʻi e ola.

No ke aha e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka Ethambutol?

Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Ethambutol i ka mea nui e mālama i nā maʻi tuberculosis ikaika i kou mau māmā a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o kou kino. Manaʻo ʻia he ʻāpana nui o ka regimen lapaʻau TB maʻamau e hilinaʻi ai nā kauka ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e hoʻōla i kēia maʻi bacterial koʻikoʻi.

Hiki i kāu kauka ke kuhikuhi i ka ethambutol e pale i ka TB mai ka ulu ʻana inā ua hōʻike ʻia ʻoe i nā ʻano bacteria kūʻē i ka lāʻau. He mea nui kēia ʻano pale no ka poʻe me nā ʻōnaehana pale nāwaliwali i ka pilikia nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi TB ikaika.

I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ethambutol e mālama i kekahi mau maʻi mycobacterial non-tuberculosis, i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā bacteria e pili ana i ka TB akā ʻaʻole like. Hiki i kēia mau maʻi ke hoʻopilikia i kou mau māmā, nā lymph node, a i ʻole nā ʻōkana ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai inā ua hoʻopilikia ʻia kāu ʻōnaehana pale.

Pehea ka hana ʻana o Ethambutol?

Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Ethambutol he antibiotic ikaika e hana ana ma ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ka hiki o ka bacteria tuberculosis ke kūkulu i ko lākou mau paia cell. Hoʻopaʻa pololei ia i kahi enzyme i kapa ʻia ʻo arabinosyl transferase, pono i ka bacteria e kūkulu i ko lākou uhi waho pale.

I ka wā ʻaʻole hiki i ka bacteria ke kūkulu i nā paia cell kūpono, lilo lākou i mea nāwaliwali a make hope loa. Lawe kēia hana i ka manawa, ʻo ia ke kumu e mau ai ka mālama ʻana i ka TB i nā mahina he nui. ʻAʻole hana ka lāʻau i ka pō, akā hoʻonāwaliwali ia i ka bacteria i nā pule a me nā mahina o ka hoʻohana mau ʻana.

ʻO ka mea e waiwai ai ka ethambutol, ʻo ia ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka bacteria ma ke ʻano ʻokoʻa ma mua o nā lāʻau TB ʻē aʻe e like me ka isoniazid a i ʻole rifampin. Pale kēia hana multi-pronged i ka bacteria mai ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kūpaʻa a hōʻoia i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka maʻi.

Pehea wau e lawe ai i ka Ethambutol?

E lawe i ka ethambutol e like me ke kauoha a kāu kauka, maʻamau i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā me ke aniani wai piha. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai, ʻoiai ʻo ka lawe ʻana me ka meaʻai e kōkua paha i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻōpū inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi pilikia digestive.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e lawe i kāu mahele i ka manawa like i kēlā me kēia lā e mālama i nā pae paʻa o ka lāʻau i loko o kou kahe koko. Nui ka poʻe i ʻike he mea kōkua ke hoʻopili ʻana i ka lawe ʻana i kā lākou lāʻau i kahi hana maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā, e like me ka ʻaina kakahiaka a i ʻole ka palaki ʻana i ko lākou niho, e pale aku i ka nalo ʻana i nā mahele.

E ale i nā papa holoʻokoʻa me ka ʻole o ka ʻoki ʻana, ka nau ʻana, a i ʻole ka wāwahi ʻana iā lākou. Inā pilikia ʻoe i ka ale ʻana i nā pila, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā koho ʻē aʻe, akā mai hoʻololi i nā papa ma kāu iho no ka mea hiki i kēia ke hoʻopilikia i ka hana ʻana o ka lāʻau.

Mai hooki i ka lawe ʻana i ka ethambutol i ka pō, ʻoiai inā hoʻomaka ʻoe e maikaʻi. Hiki i ka bacteria TB ke ola i loko o kou kino no nā mahina, a ʻo ka hooki ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka wā mua hiki ke alakaʻi i ke kūpaʻa lāʻau a me ka hoʻi ʻana mai o ka maʻi.

Pehea ka lōʻihi e lawe ai au i ka Ethambutol?

Lawe ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i ka ethambutol no nā mahina 2 mua o kā lākou mālama ʻana i ka TB, ʻoiai e pono paha kekahi no nā manawa lōʻihi e pili ana i kā lākou kūlana. Aia ka lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa i nā mea e like me kahi o kāu maʻi, pehea ka maikaʻi o kāu pane ʻana i ka mālama ʻana, a inā he TB kūpaʻa lāʻau kāu.

E nānā kāu kauka i kou holomua ma o nā nānā maʻamau, nā hoʻokolohua sputum, a me nā X-ray umauma e hoʻoholo ai i ka manawa e palekana ai ke hooki i ka lāʻau. Kōkua kēia mau hoʻokolohua e hōʻoia i ka pau ʻana o ka bacteria mai kou kino ma mua o ka pau ʻana o ka lapaʻau.

No nā hihia TB kūʻē i ka lāʻau, pono paha ʻoe e lawe i ka ethambutol no 6 mahina a ʻoi aku paha. Pono kēia lapaʻau i hoʻolōʻihi ʻia no ka mea ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka bacteria kūʻē a koi i ka lāʻau ikaika a lōʻihi e pale ai i ka hoʻi ʻana mai o ka maʻi.

He aha nā hopena ʻaoʻao o Ethambutol?

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kānaka e ʻae maikaʻi i ka ethambutol, akā e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau a pau, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka mea nui e nānā ai, ʻo ia nā loli i kou ʻike, no ka mea, ʻo ia ka hopena ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi loa o kēia lāʻau.

Eia nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau āu e ʻike ai i ka wā e lawe ana i ka ethambutol:

• Hoʻopilikia ʻōpū māmā a i ʻole nausea
• Pōpō
• ʻĀwili
• ʻEha hui a i ʻole ka ʻoʻoleʻo
• Huikau a i ʻole disorientation
• Pāpaʻa ʻili a i ʻole ka ʻū

He maʻalahi ka maʻamau o kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao a pinepine e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wā e hoʻoponopono ai kou kino i ka lāʻau. Eia naʻe, mai kānalua e hoʻokaʻaʻike i kāu kauka inā lilo lākou i mea hoʻonāukiuki a i ʻole mau.

ʻO ka hopena ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi e makaʻala ai, ʻo ia ka optic neuritis, e pili ana i kou ʻike. Hiki i kēia maʻi ke hana i ka ʻike pohihihi, ka paʻakikī i ka ʻike ʻana i nā kala (ʻo ka ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo), a i ʻole nā wahi makapō i kāu kahua ʻike. ʻOiai ʻaʻole maʻamau, e hana ana ma kahi o 1-2% o ka poʻe e lawe ana i ka ethambutol, he mea nui e hōʻike i nā loli ʻike i kāu kauka i ka wā hiki.

ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi akā kakaʻikahi e pili ana i nā hopena maʻi maʻi koʻikoʻi, nā pilikia o ke ake, a me ka neuropathy peripheral (ka ʻūlū a i ʻole ka ʻūlū ʻana i kou mau lima a me nā wāwae). E nānā mau kāu kauka iā ʻoe e hopu i kekahi o kēia mau pilikia i ka wā mua.

ʻO wai ka mea pono ʻole e lawe i ka Ethambutol?

ʻAʻole kūpono ʻo Ethambutol no nā mea a pau, a aia kekahi mau kūlana kahi e koho ai kāu kauka i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea nui e noʻonoʻo ai inā he pilikia maka a i ʻole nā pilikia ʻike.

ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e lawe i ka ethambutol inā he maʻi ʻoe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole he optic neuritis. Pono paha ka poʻe me nā pilikia o ka puʻupaʻa i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka maʻi no ka mea e hoʻopau ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma o nā puʻupaʻa, a hiki i ka hōʻiliʻili ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o nā hopena ʻaoʻao.

ʻAʻole loaʻa i nā keiki ma lalo o 13 mau makahiki ka ethambutol no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kamaʻilio pono i nā loli ʻike. Eia naʻe, i nā hihia o ka TB kūʻē i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kauoha kekahi mau kauka iā ia no nā keiki ʻōpio me ka nānā pono.

Inā hāpai ʻoe a i ʻole e hānai ana i ka waiū, e kūkākūkā i nā pilikia a me nā pōmaikaʻi me kāu kauka. ʻOiai ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ethambutol he palekana ma mua o kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau TB ʻē aʻe i ka wā hāpai, e loiloi kāu kauka i nā pōmaikaʻi e kūʻē i nā pilikia e hiki mai ana iā ʻoe a me kāu pēpē.

Nā inoa inoa Ethambutol

Loaʻa ʻo Ethambutol ma lalo o kekahi mau inoa inoa, ʻo Myambutol ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO nā inoa inoa ʻē aʻe e pili ana iā Etibi a me Servambutol, ma muli o kou wahi a me ka mea hana lāʻau lapaʻau.

Loaʻa nui nā mana generic o ethambutol a hana like me nā mana inoa inoa. Hiki i kāu hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau ke pani i kahi mana generic ke ʻole kāu kauka e noi pono i ka lāʻau lapaʻau inoa inoa.

ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka mana āu e loaʻa ai, ʻo ka mea hana a me ka pono e like nō. Inā he nīnau kāu e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana ma waena o nā mana inoa a me nā mana generic, e kūkākūkā i kēia me kāu kauka lāʻau a i ʻole kauka.

Nā koho ʻē aʻe o Ethambutol

Inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i ka ethambutol ma muli o nā hopena ʻaoʻao a i ʻole nā ​​contraindications, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o kāu regimen lapaʻau TB. Aia ke koho i nā mea e like me nā hiʻohiʻona kūʻē lāʻau, kou olakino holoʻokoʻa, a me ka maikaʻi o kou ʻae ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau like ʻole.

ʻO Streptomycin kekahi koho ʻē aʻe i kekahi manawa e hoʻohana ʻia, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā hihia kahi i kūpono ʻole ai ka ethambutol. Eia naʻe, pono ia i ka injection a loaʻa iā ia nā hopena ʻaoʻao ponoʻī, me nā pilikia lohe a me nā pilikia o ka puʻupaʻa.

No ka TB kūʻē i ka lāʻau, hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou e like me ka bedaquiline, delamanid, a i ʻole pretomanid ke koho. Hoʻokaʻawale pinepine ʻia kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau no nā hihia paʻakikī kahi i kūpono ʻole ai nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau a i ʻole ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia.

E hana kāu kauka me nā loea TB e hoʻoholo i ka regimen ʻē aʻe maikaʻi loa no kāu kūlana kikoʻī. ʻO ka pahuhopu ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hui pū ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama pono i kāu maʻi i ka wā e hōʻemi ana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao.

Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka Ethambutol ma mua o Streptomycin?

He mau lāʻau lapaʻau TB maikaʻi ʻo Ethambutol a me streptomycin, akā he mau mea maikaʻi a me nā mea maikaʻi ʻole. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka Ethambutol no ka mea e lawe ʻia ana ma ka waha, e maʻalahi ai no ka mālama lōʻihi.

Pono ʻo Streptomycin i nā injections i kēlā me kēia lā, hiki ke ʻeha a me ka pilikia, ʻoi aku hoʻi no ka mālama ʻana i nā mahina lōʻihi e koi ai ka TB. Loaʻa nō hoʻi iā ia ka pilikia nui o ka lohe ʻana a me ka pōʻino o ka puʻupaʻa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hopohopo nui o ka ethambutol i nā loli ʻike.

Eia naʻe, hiki ke koho ʻia ʻo streptomycin i nā kūlana kikoʻī, e like me ka wā ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke ʻae i ka ethambutol a i ʻole he TB kūʻē i ka lāʻau e pane maikaʻi ana i ka streptomycin. E noʻonoʻo kāu kauka i kāu mau kūlana pilikino i ka wā e hoʻoholo ai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa no ʻoe.

He kūpono nā lāʻau ʻelua ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka papa hana lapaʻau TB kūpono. ʻO ka koho ma waena o lākou e pili pinepine ana i ka maʻalahi, ka ʻaoʻao hopena, a me kou kūlana olakino.

Nā Nīnau i Nīnau Pinepine ʻia e pili ana iā Ethambutol

Q1. He palekana anei ʻo Ethambutol no ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes?

ʻAe, palekana ʻo ethambutol no ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes, akā pono paha ka nānā ʻana. Hiki i ka maʻi diabetes ke hoʻonui i kou pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka neuropathy peripheral, a ʻoi aku paha kēia pilikia ke lawe ʻoe i ka ethambutol.

E nānā nui kāu kauka i nā hōʻailona o ka ʻeha a i ʻole ka ʻūlū ʻana i kou mau lima a me kou mau wāwae. Hiki iā lākou ke nānā i kāu pae kōpaʻa koko, no ka mea, hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau TB ke hoʻopilikia i ka mana glucose, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hana ʻo ethambutol i nā loli nui i ke kōpaʻa koko.

Q2. He aha kaʻu e hana ai inā ua lawe hewa au i ka nui o Ethambutol?

Inā ua lawe hewa ʻoe i ka nui o ka ethambutol ma mua o ka mea i kauoha ʻia, e kelepona koke i kāu kauka a i ʻole ke kikowaena mana ʻawa. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka nui hiki ke hoʻonui i kou pilikia o nā pilikia o ka ʻike a me nā hopena ʻē aʻe.

Mai hoʻāʻo e hoʻoponopono i ka overdose ma ka haʻalele ʻana i kāu mahele aʻe. Akā, e hahai i nā ʻōlelo a kāu kauka no ka hoʻi ʻana i kāu papa hana maʻamau. E mālama i ka manawa i lawe ai ʻoe i ka mahele keu i hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i kēia ʻike i kāu mea mālama ola.

Q3. He aha kaʻu e hana ai inā ua hala au i kahi mahele o Ethambutol?

Inā ua hala ʻoe i kahi mahele o ethambutol, e lawe koke iā ia ke hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe, ke ʻole ua kokoke ka manawa no kāu mahele aʻe. I kēlā hihia, e haʻalele i ka mahele i hala a e hoʻomau me kāu papa hana maʻamau.

Mai lawe i ʻelua mahele i ka manawa hoʻokahi e hoʻoponopono ai i kahi mahele i hala, no ka mea, hiki i kēia ke hoʻonui i kou pilikia o nā hopena ʻaoʻao. Inā poina pinepine ʻoe i nā mahele, e noʻonoʻo e hoʻonohonoho i nā mea hoʻomanaʻo kelepona a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻonohonoho pila e kōkua iā ʻoe e noho ma ke ala.

Q4. Āhea e hiki ai iaʻu ke hooki i ka lawe ʻana iā Ethambutol?

E hooki wale i ka lawe ʻana i ka ethambutol ke haʻi aku kāu kauka iā ʻoe he palekana ke hana pēlā. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia hoʻoholo ma kāu pane ʻana i ka lapaʻau, nā hopena hoʻokolohua e hōʻike ana ua pau nā bacteria, a me ke ʻano kikoʻī o ka TB āu i loaʻa.

Hiki i ka hapa nui o nā kānaka ke hooki i ka ethambutol ma hope o nā mahina mua 2 o ka lapaʻau, akā pono paha kekahi poʻe i ka lōʻihi. E hoʻohana kāu kauka i nā hoʻokolohua sputum, nā X-ray umauma, a me nā nānā ʻē aʻe e hoʻoholo i ka manawa kūpono e hooki ai i ka lāʻau.

Q5. Hiki iaʻu ke inu i ka waiʻona i ka wā e lawe ana i ka Ethambutol?

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e pale i ka waiʻona i ka wā e lawe ana i ka ethambutol a me nā lāʻau TB ʻē aʻe. Hiki i ka waiʻona ke hoʻonui i kou pilikia o nā pilikia o ke ake, ʻoiai ke hui pū ʻia me nā lāʻau TB ʻē aʻe e like me ka isoniazid a me ka rifampin i lawe pinepine ʻia me ka ethambutol.

Hiki i ka waiʻona ke hoʻonui i kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao e like me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole a me ka huikau. Inā koho ʻoe e inu i kekahi manawa, e kūkākūkā mua me kāu kauka a e kaupalena i kāu ʻai ʻana i nā mea liʻiliʻi e hōʻemi i nā pilina a me nā pilikia.