He aha ka Isoniazid: Nā hoʻohana, ka nui o ka lāʻau, nā hopena ʻaoʻao a me nā mea hou aku

ʻO ka Isoniazid he lāʻau antibiotic i hoʻolālā ʻia e mālama i ka maʻi tuberculosis (TB), he maʻi bacteria koʻikoʻi e pili nui ana i nā māmā. Hana kēia lāʻau ma ka hoʻōki ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka bacteria TB i loko o kou kino, e kōkua ana i kou ʻōnaehana pale e hakakā pono i ka maʻi.

Hiki ke kauoha ʻia ʻoe i ka isoniazid inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi TB ikaika a i ʻole inā ua hōʻike ʻia ʻoe i ka TB a pono e mālama i ka pale. ʻO ia kekahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau mua loa e hoʻohana ai nā kauka e hakakā i kēia maʻi e hoʻoweliweli ana i ke ola, a ke kōkua nei i nā kānaka e ola mai ka TB no nā makahiki he nui.

He aha ka Isoniazid?

ʻO ka Isoniazid he antibiotic ikaika e pili ana i kahi pūʻulu o nā lāʻau i kapa ʻia he lāʻau antitubercular. Hoʻopili pono ia i ka bacteria e hoʻoulu ai i ka tuberculosis, i kapa ʻia ʻo Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Hele mai kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i ʻelua ʻano nui: nā papa a i ʻole nā ​​capsules āu e lawe ai ma ka waha, a me kahi hopena injectable e hiki ai i nā mea mālama ola ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe ma o ka injection muscle. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ke ʻano waha a ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻohana ai ka hapa nui o nā kānaka no kā lākou mālama TB.

Ua puni ka Isoniazid mai ka makahiki 1950 a ke mau nei kekahi o nā mea kaua maikaʻi loa i loaʻa iā mākou e kūʻē i ka TB. Ua manaʻo ʻia he lāʻau lapaʻau nui e ka World Health Organization ma muli o kāna moʻolelo i hōʻoia ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i kēia maʻi koʻikoʻi.

No ke aha e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka Isoniazid?

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka Isoniazid i ka maʻi tuberculosis ikaika a kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka TB i ka poʻe i hōʻike ʻia i ka bacteria. E hoʻoholo kāu kauka i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana āu e pono ai ma muli o kāu kūlana.

No ka maʻi TB ikaika, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka isoniazid me nā lāʻau TB ʻē aʻe i ka mea a nā kauka e kapa ai he therapy hui. Kōkua kēia ala e hōʻoia ʻaʻole e lilo ka bacteria i mea kūʻē i ka mālama ʻana a hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka manawa maikaʻi loa o ka hoʻōla piha.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi TB latent, ʻo ia hoʻi, aia nā bacteria TB i loko o kou kino akā ʻaʻole ʻoe maʻi. I kēia hihia, kōkua ka isoniazid i ka pale ʻana i ka bacteria mai ka hana ʻana a me ka maʻi ʻana iā ʻoe. He mea nui kēia lapaʻau pale inā he pilikia nui kou i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka TB ikaika ma muli o nā kūlana e like me ka HIV a i ʻole ka maʻi diabetes.

Pehea e hana ai ka Isoniazid?

Hana ʻo Isoniazid ma ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ka hiki o ka bacteria TB ke kūkulu a mālama i ko lākou paia cell. Me ka ʻole o nā paia cell kūpono, ʻaʻole hiki i ka bacteria ke ola a hoʻonui i loko o kou kino.

E noʻonoʻo e like me ka wehe ʻana i ke kumu mai kahi hale - me ka ʻole o kēia hale nui, ʻaʻole hiki i ka bacteria ke ola. ʻO kēia ala i manaʻo ʻia e hana ai ka isoniazid i ka maikaʻi loa e kūʻē i ka bacteria TB ʻoiai e ʻoluʻolu ana i nā cell olakino o kou kino.

Manaʻo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau he ikaika, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua lawa ka ikaika e hakakā ai i ka TB me ka maikaʻi akā ʻo ka mea maʻamau e hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi ma mua o kekahi mau antibiotics ʻē aʻe. Eia naʻe, pono ia i ka nānā pono ʻana e kāu mea mālama ola e hōʻoia i ka hana pono ʻana a ʻaʻole e hana i nā pilikia.

Pehea wau e lawe ai i ka Isoniazid?

E lawe i ka isoniazid e like me ke kauoha a kāu kauka, maʻamau i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā ma ka ʻōpū ʻole. ʻO ia hoʻi, e lawe iā ia i hoʻokahi hola ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana a i ʻole ʻelua hola ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, no ka mea, hiki i ka meaʻai ke hoʻopilikia i ka maikaʻi o kou kino e komo i ka lāʻau.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻōpū, hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻae iā ʻoe e lawe me ka meaʻai, akā pono e hana ʻia kēia ma lalo o kā lākou alakaʻi. E ale mau i nā papa a i ʻole nā ​​capsules holoʻokoʻa me ke aniani wai piha - mai ʻoki, haki, a nau paha iā lākou ke ʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia.

No ka hopena maikaʻi loa, e hoʻāʻo e lawe i kāu lāʻau i ka manawa like i kēlā me kēia lā. Kōkua kēia i ka mālama ʻana i nā pae paʻa o ka lāʻau i loko o kou kino a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻomanaʻo i kāu lāʻau i kēlā me kēia lā. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā injections, e hāʻawi kahi ʻoihana mālama ola iā lākou e like me kāu papa hana lapaʻau.

Pehea ka lōʻihi e lawe ai au i ka Isoniazid?

Aia ka lōʻihi o kāu lapaʻau isoniazid inā e mālama ana ʻoe i ka TB ikaika a i ʻole e pale ana i ka ulu ʻana. No ka TB ikaika, e lawe maʻamau ʻoe i ka isoniazid no ʻeono a ʻeiwa mahina ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o kahi hoʻolālā lapaʻau hui.

Inā ʻoe e lawe ana i ka isoniazid e pale ai i ka TB (latent TB treatment), pono ʻoe i ia mea no ʻeiwa mahina. Pono paha kekahi poʻe i kahi papa hana pōkole ʻeono mahina, ma muli o kā lākou mau mea pilikia a me ka mōʻaukala olakino.

He mea nui loa e hoʻopau ʻoe i ke kaʻina lapaʻau holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai inā hoʻomaka ʻoe e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka pau ʻana. ʻO ka hooki ʻana i ka wā mua hiki ke alakaʻi i ka bacteria e lilo i mea kūʻē i ka lāʻau, e paʻakikī loa ai ka lapaʻau e hiki mai ana a he mea weliweli paha.

He aha nā hopena ʻaoʻao o Isoniazid?

E like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau a pau, hiki i ka isoniazid ke hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻike nā mea a pau iā lākou. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hopena ʻaoʻao he maʻalahi a hiki ke mālama ʻia, akā he mea nui e ʻike i ka mea e nānā ai.

ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau āu e ʻike ai, ʻo ia:

• Nausea a i ʻole ka ʻōpū
• Ka nalowale o ka ʻai
• ʻO ka luhi a i ʻole ka luhi
• ʻO ka ʻili ʻili
• ʻO ka ʻūlū
• Poʻo

Hoʻomaikaʻi pinepine kēia mau hōʻailona i ka wā e hoʻoponopono ai kou kino i ka lāʻau. Eia naʻe, pono ʻoe e hoʻokaʻaʻike i kāu kauka inā lilo lākou i mea hoʻonāukiuki a ʻaʻole e hele ma hope o kekahi mau pule.

Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke ʻike i nā hopena ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi e koi ai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau koke:

• Ka melemele ʻana o kou ʻili a i ʻole nā maka (jaundice)
• Mimi ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā noho palapala
• ʻEha ʻōpū nui
• Luaʻi mau
• Ka palahū a i ʻole ke ʻano ʻūlū i nā lima a i ʻole nā wāwae
• Nā loli ʻike
• Nā hopena ʻili nui

ʻAʻole maʻamau kēia mau hopena ʻino akā hiki ke hōʻike i nā pilikia o ke ake a i ʻole ka pōʻino o nā aʻalolo. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​e hooki i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau a e hoʻokaʻaʻike koke i kāu mea mālama ola.

ʻO kekahi maʻi laha ʻole akā koʻikoʻi e ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hepatitis i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka lāʻau, e pili ana i ke ake. Loaʻa kēia i kahi 1-2% o ka poʻe e lawe ana i ka isoniazid a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe ma luna o 35, ka poʻe inu waiʻona maʻamau, a i ʻole ka poʻe me nā maʻi ate.

ʻO wai ka mea pono ʻole e lawe i ka Isoniazid?

ʻAʻole kūpono ka Isoniazid no nā mea a pau, a e nānā pono kāu kauka i kāu moʻolelo olakino ma mua o ke kau ʻana. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e lawe i kēia lāʻau inā he maʻi ʻoe i ka isoniazid a i ʻole i loaʻa i nā pilikia ate nui i ka wā ma mua.

ʻO ka poʻe me ka maʻi ate hana a i ʻole nā ​​enzyme ate kiʻekiʻe loa e pale aku i ka isoniazid, no ka mea, hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui i nā pilikia ate. E kauoha paha kāu kauka i nā hoʻokolohua koko e nānā i kāu hana ate ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

Pono ka mālama kūikawā inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau maʻi e hoʻonui i kou pilikia o nā hopena ʻaoʻao:

• Maʻi kīkī
• Maʻi diabetes
• Moʻolelo o nā hopu
• Neuropathy peripheral (pōʻino nerve)
• Hoʻohana waiʻona maʻamau
• Malnutrition
• Maʻi HIV

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau maʻi, hiki i kāu kauka ke kauoha i ka isoniazid akā e nānā pono iā ʻoe a e hoʻoponopono paha i kāu hoʻolālā lapaʻau. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻōlelo aku i nā mea hoʻohui vitamin B6 e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao e pili ana i nā aʻalolo.

Hiki i nā wāhine hāpai a me nā wāhine e hānai ana i ka waiū ke lawe palekana i ka isoniazid, no ka mea, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā lāʻau TB palekana i ka wā hāpai. Eia naʻe, e kaupaona pono kāu kauka i nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā pilikia no kou kūlana.

Nā inoa inoa o Isoniazid

Loaʻa ka Isoniazid ma lalo o nā inoa inoa like ʻole, ʻoiai ua kauoha pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike ʻia e like me Nydrazid, ʻo ia kekahi o nā inoa inoa nui.

He kūpono ka mana maʻamau e like me nā mana inoa inoa a he mea kūʻai pinepine ʻia. Hiki i kāu hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻololi i ka mana maʻamau ke ʻole kāu kauka e noi pono i ka inoa inoa.

Aia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau hui pū i ka isoniazid me nā lāʻau TB ʻē aʻe. Aia kēia mau mea i ka Rifamate (isoniazid me rifampin) a me Rifater (isoniazid, rifampin, a me pyrazinamide), hiki ke maʻalahi ka mālama ʻana ma ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o nā pila e pono ai ʻoe e lawe.

Nā koho ʻē aʻe o Isoniazid

ʻOiai ʻo isoniazid ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua no ka TB, aia nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe a i ʻole inā kūʻē nā bacteria i kāu hihia. E koho kāu kauka i ke koho maikaʻi loa e pili ana i kāu kūlana.

ʻO nā lāʻau TB mua ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka rifampin, ethambutol, a me pyrazinamide. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia mau mea me ka isoniazid, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he koho ʻē aʻe inā ʻaʻole kūpono ka isoniazid iā ʻoe.

No ka poʻe me ka TB kūʻē i ka lāʻau a i ʻole ka poʻe i hiki ʻole ke ʻae i nā lāʻau lapaʻau mua, loaʻa nā koho lua. Aia kēia mau mea i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me fluoroquinolones (e like me levofloxacin), nā lāʻau injectable e like me amikacin, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou e like me bedaquiline a me delamanid.

Ke hilinaʻi ʻia nei ka koho ʻana i nā koho ʻē aʻe ma nā mea e like me ke ʻano o ka bacteria TB āu i loaʻa, kou olakino holoʻokoʻa, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe āu e lawe nei. E hana pū kāu kauka me nā loea TB e hoʻoholo i ka hoʻolālā lapaʻau maikaʻi loa no kāu hihia kikoʻī.

Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o Isoniazid ma mua o Rifampin?

He mau lāʻau lapaʻau TB mua maikaʻi ʻo Isoniazid a me rifampin, akā hana lākou i nā mea like ʻole a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia pū kekahi ma mua o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻana ma ke ʻano he koho ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea kona mau ikaika ponoʻī a koho ʻia e pili ana i kāu kūlana olakino kikoʻī.

He mea maikaʻi loa ʻo Isoniazid no ka pale ʻana i ka TB i nā poʻe me ka maʻi latent a ʻo ia ka koho i makemake nui ʻia no kēia kumu. He moʻolelo lōʻihi kona o ka palekana a me ka pono, ʻoiai no ka lapaʻau pale e mau ana i ʻeiwa mahina.

ʻO Rifampin, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, he mea ikaika loa ia e kūʻē i ka bacteria TB a he mea nui ia no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi TB ikaika. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā papa lapaʻau pale pōkole (ʻehā mahina maʻamau) a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻae ʻia e kekahi poʻe.

I ka hapanui o nā hihia o ka TB ikaika, e loaʻa iā ʻoe nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻelua me nā lāʻau TB ʻē aʻe. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia ala hui ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau wale nō a kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka bacteria mai ka lilo ʻana i mea kūʻē i ka lapaʻau.

Nā Nīnau i Nīnau Pinepine ʻia e pili ana iā Isoniazid

Ua palekana ʻo Isoniazid no ka maʻi diabetes?

ʻAe, hiki ke hoʻohana palekana ʻia ʻo isoniazid i ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes, akā pono ia i ka nānā pono. Hiki i ka maʻi diabetes ke hoʻonui i kou pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka neuropathy peripheral (pōʻino nerve) mai isoniazid, no laila e nānā pono kāu kauka iā ʻoe no nā hōʻailona o kēia pilikia.

Hiki i kāu mea mālama ola ke ʻōlelo aku i nā mea hoʻohui vitamin B6 e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā pilikia nerve. E nānā pū lākou i kāu pae kōpaʻa koko i nā manawa pinepine, no ka mea, hiki i ka lapaʻau TB ke hoʻopilikia i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes.

He aha kaʻu e hana ai inā hoʻohana hewa au i ka nui o Isoniazid?

Inā ua lawe ʻoe i ka isoniazid ma mua o ka mea i kauoha ʻia, e kelepona koke i kāu kauka a i ʻole ke kikowaena mana ʻawa. Hiki i ka overdose ke hoʻoulu i nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi me ka nausea, ka luaʻi, ka wili, ka pilikia o ka hanu ʻana, a me nā hopu.

Mai kali e ʻike inā e ulu nā hōʻailona - e ʻimi koke i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. E lawe mai i ka hue lāʻau me ʻoe i ʻike nā mea mālama ola i ka nui o kāu i lawe ai a me ka manawa.

He aha kaʻu e hana ai inā ua hala wau i kahi mahele o Isoniazid?

Inā ua hala ʻoe i kahi mahele, e lawe koke iā ia ke hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe, ke ʻole ua kokoke ka manawa no kāu mahele i hoʻonohonoho ʻia. I kēlā hihia, e lele i ka mahele i hala a e hoʻomau me kāu papa manawa maʻamau - mai lawe i ʻelua mahele i ka manawa hoʻokahi e hoʻoponopono ai i ka mea i hala.

E hoʻāʻo e lawe i kāu mahele i hala i loko o 12 mau hola o ka manawa āu e lawe ai. Inā ua lōʻihi ma mua o kēlā, e kali wale no kāu mahele i hoʻonohonoho ʻia a e hoʻomau e like me ka maʻamau.

I ka manawa hea e hiki ai iaʻu ke hooki i ka lawe ʻana i ka Isoniazid?

Mai hooki i ka lawe ʻana i ka isoniazid ma kou iho, ʻoiai inā manaʻo ʻoe ua maikaʻi loa. Pono ʻoe e hoʻopau i ka papa hana lapaʻau piha e like me ke kauoha ʻia e kāu kauka, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau ʻeono a ʻeiwa mahina no ka TB hana a i ʻole ʻeiwa mahina no ka TB huna.

Na kāu kauka e hoʻoholo i ka wā e palekana ai ke hooki ʻana ma muli o kāu pane lapaʻau, nā hoʻokolohua e pili ana, a me ke ʻano kikoʻī o ka TB āu i loaʻa ai. ʻO ka hooki ʻana i ka wā mua hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka lapaʻau a me ke kūpaʻa lāʻau.

Hiki iaʻu ke inu i ka waiʻona i ka wā e lawe ana i ka Isoniazid?

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e pale i ka waiʻona i ka wā e lawe ana i ka isoniazid, no ka mea, hiki i nā mea ʻelua ke hoʻopilikia i kou ate. ʻO ka inu ʻana i ka waiʻona e hoʻonui i kou pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pilikia o ke ake mai ka lāʻau, hiki ke koʻikoʻi.

Inā koho ʻoe e inu i kekahi manawa, e kūkākūkā mua me kāu kauka. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻōlelo aku i nā hoʻokolohua hana ate pinepine a i ʻole e hōʻole loa i ka waiʻona i ka wā o kāu lapaʻau.