He aha ʻo Ocrelizumab: Nā hoʻohana, ka nui o ka lāʻau, nā hopena ʻaoʻao a me nā mea hou aku

He lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Ocrelizumab i kuhikuhi ʻia e kōkua ana i ka hoʻolohi ʻana i ka multiple sclerosis (MS) ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā pūnaewele ʻōnaehana pale. Hāʻawi ʻia ma o ka IV infusion ma ke keʻena o kāu kauka a i ʻole ke kikowaena infusion, maʻamau i kēlā me kēia ʻeono mahina ma hope o kāu mau lāʻau mua.

Hōʻike kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i kahi holomua nui i ka mālama ʻana i ka MS, e hāʻawi ana i ka manaʻolana no ka poʻe me nā ʻano relapsing a me nā ʻano holomua mua o ka maʻi. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o kāna hana a me ka mea e manaʻo ai hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi e pili ana i kāu huakaʻi lapaʻau.

He aha ʻo Ocrelizumab?

ʻO Ocrelizumab kahi monoclonal antibody e hoʻopaʻa pono ana i nā pūnaewele B i kāu ʻōnaehana pale. He kuleana nui kēia mau pūnaewele B i ke kaʻina autoimmune e hōʻino ai i nā fiber nerve i ka multiple sclerosis.

E noʻonoʻo iā ia he lāʻau lapaʻau pololei loa e hana ana e like me ka missile alakaʻi, e ʻimi ana a paʻa i nā protein kikoʻī i kapa ʻia ʻo CD20 ma nā pūnaewele B. Ke pili, kōkua ia i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o kēia mau pūnaewele e hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka mumū i kāu ʻōnaehana nerve.

No ka papa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole ia e mālama wale i nā hōʻailona akā hana maoli e hoʻolohi i ka holomua o MS iho. ʻO kēia ka mea e ʻokoʻa loa ia mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kōkua wale ana i nā hōʻailona kikoʻī e like me nā spasms ʻiʻo a i ʻole ka luhi.

No ke aha e hoʻohana ʻia ai ʻo Ocrelizumab?

Ua ʻae ʻia ʻo Ocrelizumab e ka FDA no ka mālama ʻana i ʻelua ʻano nui o ka multiple sclerosis. ʻO ia ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua a hoʻokahi wale nō i ʻae ʻia no ka primary progressive MS, kahi mea waiwai nui no ka poʻe me kēia ʻano maʻi.

No nā ʻano relapsing o MS, e komo pū ana kēia i ka relapsing-remitting MS a me ka active secondary progressive MS. ʻO kēia nā ʻano e ʻike ai ka poʻe i nā hoʻouka maopopo a i ʻole nā ​​relapses a ukali ʻia e nā manawa o ka hoʻōla a i ʻole ke kūpaʻa.

Hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo aku iā ocrelizumab inā ʻaʻole i pane maikaʻi ʻoe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau MS ʻē aʻe, a i ʻole inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka primary progressive MS kahi i kaupalena ʻia ai nā koho ʻē aʻe. Koho ʻia nō hoʻi i kekahi manawa ma ke ʻano he lapaʻau laina mua no ka poʻe me ka relapsing MS ikaika loa.

Pehea e Hana ai ʻo Ocrelizumab?

Hana ʻo Ocrelizumab ma ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā pūnaewele B, ʻo ia nā pūnaewele immune e kōkua ana i ke kaʻina hana inflammatory i MS. Manaʻo ʻia kēia he ala ikaika i ka lapaʻau MS, ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau waha akā ʻaʻole i ākea e like me kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau infusion ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻopaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā protein CD20 ma ka ʻili o nā pūnaewele B, e hōʻailona ana iā lākou no ka luku ʻia e kāu ʻōnaehana immune. Hoʻemi nui kēia kaʻina hana i ka helu o nā pūnaewele B e holo ana i loko o kou kino no kekahi mau mahina.

ʻO ka mea e hana ai i kēia ala i mea maikaʻi loa, ʻo ia ka mea e kuhikuhi ana i nā pūnaewele immune kikoʻī i pili loa i ka holomua MS me ka waiho ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o kāu ʻōnaehana immune i kahi kūlana maikaʻi. ʻO ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka pūnaewele B e mau ana no kekahi mau mahina, ʻo ia ke kumu e hāʻawi ʻia ai ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kēlā me kēia ʻeono mahina.

I loko o kekahi mau pule o ka lapaʻau, e loaʻa iā ʻoe ka liʻiliʻi o nā pūnaewele B i loko o kāu ʻōnaehana. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hoʻi mālie kēia mau pūnaewele, akā hiki ke hoʻomau ka hopena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hoʻolohi ʻana i ka holomua MS ʻoiai e ola hou ana nā helu pūnaewele B.

Pehea wau e lawe ai iā Ocrelizumab?

Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Ocrelizumab ma o ka infusion IV wale nō ma kahi keʻena lapaʻau, ʻaʻole loa ma ka home. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kāu mahele mua i ʻelua infusions i hāʻawi ʻia i ʻelua pule kaʻawale, me kēlā me kēia infusion e lawe ana ma kahi o 2.5 a 3.5 mau hola.

Ma mua o kēlā me kēia infusion, e loaʻa iā ʻoe nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā hopena infusion. ʻO kēia mau mea maʻamau e komo pū ana me kahi antihistamine e like me ka diphenhydramine, kahi corticosteroid e like me ka methylprednisolone, a i kekahi manawa acetaminophen. Kōkua kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau i kou kino e ʻae maikaʻi i ka infusion.

ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e lawe i ka ocrelizumab me ka meaʻai no ka mea e hāʻawi pololei ʻia ana i loko o kou kahe koko. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai māmā ma mua o kāu manawa hoʻokomo ʻana e hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻoluʻolu i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana lōʻihi.

I ka wā o ka hoʻokomo ʻana, e nānā pono nā limahana lapaʻau iā ʻoe no nā hopena. Hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka mua, a laila e hoʻonui ʻia ka helu inā e ʻae maikaʻi ana ʻoe. Hiki i ka hapa nui o nā kānaka ke heluhelu, hoʻohana i kā lākou kelepona, a i ʻole e hiamoe i ka wā o ka hoʻokomo ʻana.

Pehea ka lōʻihi e lawe ai au i ka Ocrelizumab?

He lapaʻau lōʻihi ka Ocrelizumab āu e hoʻomau ai i ka wā e kōkua ana i kāu MS a ke ʻae maikaʻi nei ʻoe. Noho ka hapa nui o nā kānaka ma kēia lāʻau lapaʻau no nā makahiki, me ka nānā mau ʻana e hōʻoia i ka palekana a me ka pono.

E loiloi kāu kauka i kāu pane ʻana i ka lapaʻau i kēlā me kēia ʻeono mahina, ma kahi o ka manawa o kāu hoʻokomo ʻana e hiki mai ana. E nānā lākou i nā mea e like me nā relapses hou, nā loli MRI, ka holomua o ke kino kīnā, a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao āu e ʻike nei.

Pono paha kekahi poʻe e hooki i ka ocrelizumab inā loaʻa iā lākou nā maʻi koʻikoʻi, kekahi mau maʻi maʻi, a i ʻole nā hopena hoʻokomo koʻikoʻi. E kūkākūkā kāu kauka i kēia mau pilikia me ʻoe a nānā i nā hōʻailona e pono ai e hoʻopau ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻO ka hoʻoholo e hoʻomau a hooki paha i ka ocrelizumab e hana mau ʻia me kāu loea MS, e kau ana i nā pōmaikaʻi āu e loaʻa nei i nā pilikia a i ʻole nā hopena ʻaoʻao āu e ʻike nei.

He aha nā hopena ʻaoʻao o Ocrelizumab?

E like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau a pau, hiki i ka ocrelizumab ke hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao, ʻoiai e ʻae maikaʻi ana ka nui o nā kānaka. Pili ka hapa nui o nā hopena ʻaoʻao i ke kaʻina hana hoʻokomo a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka maʻi.

Eia nā hopena ʻaoʻao i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike:

• Nā hopena o ka hoʻokomo ʻana e like me ka ʻulaʻula o ka ʻili, ka ʻūlū, a i ʻole ke kuni māmā i ka wā a i ʻole ma hope koke o ka lapaʻau
• Nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana hanu luna e like me ke anu a i ʻole nā maʻi sinus
• Nā maʻi ʻili a i ʻole nā maʻi herpes waha
• Ka luhi e mau ana no kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana
• Nā poʻo a i ʻole nā ʻeha kino māmā
• Nāwaliwali a i ʻole nā pilikia digestive

He mea maʻamau kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao a hiki ke mālama ʻia a pinepine e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wā e hoʻoponopono ai kou kino i ka lāʻau.

ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi akā ʻaʻole maʻamau e koi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau koke a komo pū:

• Nā hopena hoʻokomo koʻikoʻi me ka pilikia o ka hanu ʻana, ka pehu nui, a i ʻole ka ʻeha o ka umauma
• Nā hōʻailona o nā maʻi koʻikoʻi e like me ke kuni mau, ka luhi nui, a i ʻole nā hōʻailona ʻokoʻa
• Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), he maʻi lolo laha ʻole
• Hepatitis B reactivation i ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi ma mua
• Nā ʻano maʻi maʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka maʻi maʻi umauma

E nānā pono kāu hui mālama ola iā ʻoe no kēia mau pilikia laha ʻole akā koʻikoʻi ma o nā hoʻokolohua koko maʻamau a me nā loiloi.

ʻO wai ka mea pono ʻole e lawe iā Ocrelizumab?

ʻAʻole kūpono ʻo Ocrelizumab no nā mea a pau me MS. E nānā pono kāu kauka i kāu moʻolelo olakino e hoʻoholo ai inā palekana kēia lāʻau lapaʻau iā ʻoe.

ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e lawe iā ocrelizumab inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi hepatitis B ikaika, no ka mea, hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻoulu i kēia maʻi e lilo hou i mea weliweli. Pono ʻoe i nā hoʻokolohua koko e nānā ai i ka hepatitis B ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka lapaʻau.

Pono ka poʻe me nā maʻi koʻikoʻi ikaika e kali a hiki i ka wā e mālama ʻia ai kēia mau mea ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana iā ocrelizumab. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau maʻi bacteria, viral, a i ʻole fungal i hiki ke ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ka wā e hoʻopau ʻia ai kāu ʻōnaehana pale.

Inā he mau pane maʻi koʻikoʻi kāu i ka ocrelizumab a i ʻole nā lāʻau lapaʻau like i ka wā ma mua, ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia kēia lapaʻau. E kūkākūkā kāu kauka i nā koho ʻē aʻe i ʻoi aku ka palekana iā ʻoe.

ʻAʻole pono nā wahine hāpai e loaʻa i ka ocrelizumab, no ka mea, hiki iā ia ke hōʻeha i ka pēpē e ulu ana. Inā ʻoe e hoʻolālā ana e hāpai, e kūkākūkā i kēia me kāu kauka ma mua, no ka mea, hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻopilikia i kāu ʻōnaehana pale no nā mahina ma hope o kāu mahele hope loa.

Nā inoa inoa o Ocrelizumab

Kūʻai ʻia ʻo Ocrelizumab ma lalo o ka inoa inoa Ocrevus ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia wale nō ka inoa inoa i loaʻa i kēia manawa, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe mana generic o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau.

Hana ʻia ʻo Ocrevus e Genentech ma US a e Roche ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. He ʻāpana nā hui ʻelua o ka hui lāʻau lapaʻau like, no laila ua like ka lāʻau lapaʻau me kahi i hana ʻia ai.

Ke kūkākūkā ʻana i kāu lapaʻau me nā mea mālama ola a i ʻole nā hui ʻinikua, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i nā inoa ʻelua i hoʻohana ʻia. Makemake kekahi poʻe loea lapaʻau e hoʻohana i ka inoa generic (ocrelizumab) aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana i ka inoa inoa (Ocrevus).

Nā koho ʻē aʻe o Ocrelizumab

Nui nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe e hiki ke mālama i ka MS, akā ʻo ke koho maikaʻi loa e hilinaʻi ana i kāu ʻano MS a me nā kūlana pilikino. E kōkua kāu kauka iā ʻoe e loiloi i nā pono a me nā pōʻino o kēlā me kēia koho.

No ka MS e hoʻi hou ana, nā koho ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau waha e like me fingolimod (Gilenya), dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera), a i ʻole teriflunomide (Aubagio). He maʻalahi pinepine kēia mau mea e lawe akā ʻaʻole paha e maikaʻi no ka maʻi hana nui.

ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka natalizumab (Tysabri) a me alemtuzumab (Lemtrada), ʻo ia mau mea ʻelua e hana ʻokoʻa ma mua o ka ocrelizumab. Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Natalizumab i kēlā me kēia mahina, aʻo ka alemtuzumab e pili ana i ʻelua papa lapaʻau i hoʻokahi makahiki.

No ke MS holomua mua, ʻo ocrelizumab wale nō ka lāʻau i ʻae ʻia e ka FDA i kēia manawa, e lilo ana ia i mea maʻamau no kēia ʻano maʻi. Eia naʻe, hiki i kekahi mau kauka ke noʻonoʻo i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe ma waho o ka lepili i nā kūlana kūikawā.

Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o Ocrelizumab ma mua o Rituximab?

He mau lāʻau lapaʻau like ʻo Ocrelizumab a me rituximab e kuhikuhi ana i nā cell B, akā ua hoʻolālā ʻia ʻo ocrelizumab a ua ʻae ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka MS. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Rituximab no kekahi mau maʻi maʻi a me nā maʻi autoimmune, ʻoiai ua hoʻohana kekahi mau kauka iā ia ma waho o ka lepili no ka MS.

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Ocrelizumab he mea maikaʻi aʻe ma mua o rituximab, me nā hoʻololi e hiki ai ke palekana a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka MS. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia e emi ka immunogenic, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole paha e hana kou kino i nā antibodies iā ia.

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ʻikepili hoʻokolokolo lapaʻau no ocrelizumab i ka MS ma mua o ka rituximab, e hāʻawi ana i nā kauka i ka ʻike maikaʻi e pili ana i kona pono a me ka palekana. ʻO kēia ka mea e lilo ai ʻo ocrelizumab i koho makemake ʻia no ka hapa nui o nā loea MS.

Eia naʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo rituximab inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ʻo ocrelizumab a i ʻole i uhi ʻia e ka ʻinikua, no ka mea, hana nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻelua ma nā ʻano like. Hiki i kāu kauka ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ke koho ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no kou kūlana.

Nā nīnau i nīnau pinepine ʻia e pili ana iā Ocrelizumab

He palekana anei ʻo Ocrelizumab no ka poʻe me ka maʻi puʻuwai?

Hiki ke hoʻohana palekana ʻia ʻo Ocrelizumab i ka poʻe me ka maʻi puʻuwai, akā pono kāu cardiologist a me ka neurologist e hoʻonohonoho i kāu mālama. ʻO ka hopohopo nui ʻo ia ka hopena o ka infusion e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i kou puʻuwai.

Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e loiloi kāu kauka i kou kūlana puʻuwai a hiki ke paipai i ka nānā ʻana i ka wā o nā infusions. Pono paha kekahi poʻe me nā pilikia puʻuwai koʻikoʻi e hāʻawi ʻia kā lākou infusions me ka lohi a i ʻole i kahi haukapila ma mua o kahi kikowaena infusion outpatient.

He aha kaʻu e hana ai inā ua hala au i kahi mahele o Ocrelizumab?

E kelepona i ke keʻena o kāu kauka i ka wā e ʻike ai ua hala ʻoe i kāu manawa hoʻokomo i hoʻonohonoho ʻia. E kōkua lākou iā ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho hou i ka wikiwiki e like me ka hiki, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i loko o kekahi mau pule o kāu lā i hala.

ʻO ka hala ʻana i nā mahele hiki ke hōʻemi i ka pono o ka lāʻau a hiki ke ʻae i ka hana MS e hoʻi. Eia naʻe, mai hopohopo inā ua hala ʻoe i kahi manawa ma muli o ka maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​kūlana ʻē aʻe. E hana pū kāu hui lapaʻau me ʻoe e hoʻi i ke ala palekana.

He aha kaʻu e hana ai inā loaʻa iaʻu kahi hopena koʻikoʻi i ka wā o ka hoʻokomo ʻana?

E haʻi koke i kāu kahu hānai inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau hōʻailona e pili ana i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana. ʻO nā hōʻailona maʻamau o nā hopena hoʻokomo ʻana, ʻo ia ka ʻulaʻula o ka ʻili, ka ʻili, ka pilikia o ka hanu ʻana, ka paʻa o ka umauma, a i ʻole ka manaʻo nāwaliwali.

Ua aʻo ʻia nā limahana lapaʻau e mālama i kēia mau kūlana a e lohi a hoʻōki paha i ka hoʻokomo ʻana, hāʻawi iā ʻoe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou, a nānā pono iā ʻoe. Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka hapa nui o nā hopena hoʻokomo ʻana a ʻaʻole e pale iā ʻoe mai ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka mālama ʻana, ʻoiai e lōʻihi paha.

I ka manawa hea e hiki ai iaʻu ke hooki i ka lawe ʻana iā Ocrelizumab?

ʻO ka hoʻoholo e hooki i ka ocrelizumab e hana mau ʻia me kāu loea MS, ʻaʻole ma kāu iho. ʻAʻohe palena manawa i hoʻoholo ʻia no ka mālama ʻana, no ka mea, nui ka poʻe e pōmaikaʻi mai ka noho ʻana ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka wā lōʻihi.

Hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo e hooki inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hopena ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi, inā lilo kāu MS i mea ʻole no ka manawa lōʻihi, a i ʻole inā pono ʻoe e hoʻomaka i kahi ʻohana. E kōkua lākou iā ʻoe e kaupaona i nā pilikia a me nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka mālama ʻana.

Hiki iaʻu ke loaʻa nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ka wā e lawe ana iā Ocrelizumab?

Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ka wā e lawe ana iā ocrelizumab, akā ʻaʻole paha lākou e pono no ka mea ua kāohi ʻia kāu ʻōnaehana pale. E ʻōlelo kāu kauka e hoʻopau i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pono ai ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka wā e hiki ai.

E pono e pale i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ola i ka wā e lawe ana i ka ocrelizumab, no ka mea, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi. Aia kēia i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka lāʻau lapaʻau flu ola, MMR, a me ka lāʻau varicella (chickenpox). Eia naʻe, palekana a paipai ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻopau ʻia e like me ka pana flu maʻamau.