He aha ka Pralidoxime: Nā hoʻohana, ka nui o ka lāʻau, nā hopena ʻaoʻao a me nā mea hou aku

He lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻopakele ola ʻo Pralidoxime i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka ʻona nui mai kekahi mau mea kemika i kapa ʻia ʻo organophosphates. Loaʻa pinepine kēia mau mea ʻawaʻawa i kekahi mau pesticides a me nā mea ʻōpala, a hana ʻo pralidoxime ma ke kōkua ʻana i kou kino e wāwahi i kēia mau mea kemika weliweli ma mua o ka hiki iā lākou ke hōʻino mau.

Hāʻawi pinepine ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano he injection i nā kūlana pilikia, pinepine i nā haukapila a i ʻole e nā poʻe lapaʻau i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia. E noʻonoʻo i ka pralidoxime ma ke ʻano he kī kūikawā e wehe a hoʻohuli i nā hopena ʻino o nā ʻano ʻona kikoʻī, e hāʻawi ana i kou kino i ka manawa e ola ai a hoʻōla.

He aha ka Pralidoxime?

ʻO Pralidoxime kahi lāʻau lapaʻau antidote i kauoha ʻia e pili ana i kahi papa o nā lāʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo cholinesterase reactivators. Ua hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia e kūʻē i ka ʻona mai nā pūhui organophosphate, hiki ke loaʻa i kekahi mau pesticides, insecticides, a me nā mea kaua kemika.

Hana ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka hoʻāla hou ʻana i kahi enzyme nui i loko o kou kino i kapa ʻia ʻo acetylcholinesterase, i hoʻopau ʻia e ka ʻona organophosphate. Ke pau ka hana pono ʻana o kēia enzyme, ʻaʻole hiki i kāu ʻōnaehana nerve ke hana maʻamau, e alakaʻi ana i nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi a me ka hoʻoweliweli i ke ola.

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Pralidoxime he lāʻau lapaʻau pilikia koʻikoʻi a mālama pinepine ʻia i nā haukapila, nā kikowaena hoʻomalu ʻona, a me nā hale pane pilikia. ʻAʻole ia he mea āu e mālama ai ma ka home, no ka mea, pono ia i ka mālama ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka manawa kūpono e pono ai.

No ke aha i hoʻohana ʻia ai ʻo Pralidoxime?

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Pralidoxime e mālama i ka ʻona organophosphate, hiki ke hana ma o ka ʻike ulia i kekahi mau pesticides a i ʻole ka ʻona manaʻo. Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia ʻano ʻona ke pili kekahi me nā ʻili i haumia, e hanu i nā uahi ʻawaʻawa, a i ʻole e ʻai ulia i kēia mau mea kemika.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau ka mea e pono ai i nā wahi mahiʻai kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā limahana i nā pesticides i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka organophosphate. Eia naʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā hihia o ka ʻona ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea ʻino i nā kūlana koa a i ʻole nā mea hoʻoweliweli.

Hoʻohana pū nā mea mālama ola kino i ka pralidoxime me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe e like me ka atropine e hāʻawi i ka mālama piha ʻana no ka ʻona organophosphate. Kōkua ke ala hui i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻona a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā manawa o ka hoʻōla piha.

Pehea e hana ai ʻo Pralidoxime?

Hana ʻo Pralidoxime ma ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka pōʻino i hana ʻia e nā kemika organophosphate i kāu ʻōnaehana nerve. Ke ʻike ʻia ʻoe i kēia mau mea ʻawaʻawa, hoʻopaʻa mau lākou a hoʻopau i kahi enzyme i kapa ʻia ʻo acetylcholinesterase, he mea nui ia no ka hana nerve kūpono.

Hana kēia lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka mea hana hoʻopakele molekala, e wāwahi ana i ka pilina ma waena o ka lāʻau make a me kāu enzyme, e ʻae ana i kāu ʻōnaehana nerve e hoʻomaka e hana maʻamau hou. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pralidoxime ke hāʻawi ʻia i loko o nā hola 24 a 48 mua ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka pilina kemika i ka wā.

ʻO ka ikaika o ka pralidoxime e lilo ia i mea antidote ikaika, akā ua manaʻo ʻia he lāʻau lapaʻau maʻalahi a ikaika e koi ana i ka dosing a me ka nānā ʻana. E nānā pono kāu hui mālama ola kino i kāu pane a hoʻoponopono i ka mālama ʻana e like me ka mea e pono ai e hōʻoia i ka hopena maikaʻi loa.

Pehea e lawe ai au i ka Pralidoxime?

Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Pralidoxime ma ke ʻano he injection pololei i loko o kou vein (intravenous) a i ʻole ka ʻiʻo (intramuscular) e nā poʻe lapaʻau i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi haukapila a i ʻole kahi pilikia. ʻAʻole ʻoe e lawe i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka home, no ka mea, pono ia i ka mālama olakino koke a me nā lako kūpono no ka hoʻokele palekana.

Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ka wai maʻemaʻe a i ʻole ka hopena saline ma mua o ka hoʻokomo ʻana. E hoʻoholo kāu hui mālama ola i ka mahele pololei a me ke ʻano o ka lawelawe ʻana ma muli o kou kaumaha, ka paʻakikī o ka ʻona, a me ke ʻano o kou kino e pane ai i ka lāʻau.

Mai ka mea he lāʻau lapaʻau pilikia kēia, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hopohopo e pili ana i ka manawa me nā meaʻai a i ʻole nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe. E mālama kāu hui lapaʻau i nā ʻano a pau o ka lawelawe ʻana a e hāʻawi paha iā ʻoe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kākoʻo ʻē aʻe i ka manawa like e kōkua i kou kino e ola.

Pehea ka lōʻihi e lawe ai au i ka Pralidoxime?

Aia ka lōʻihi o ka lāʻau pralidoxime i ka paʻakikī o kou ʻona a me ke ʻano o kou kino e pane ai i ka lāʻau. Loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hapa nui o nā kānaka no 1 a 3 mau lā, ʻoiai e koi paha kekahi mau hihia i nā manawa lōʻihi.

E nānā kāu hui mālama ola i kāu mau hōʻailona a me nā hoʻokolohua koko e hoʻoholo ai i ka manawa e palekana ai ke hooki i ka lāʻau. E ʻimi lākou i nā hōʻailona e hana maʻamau ana kāu ʻōnaehana nerve a ua hoʻopau pono ʻia ka mea ʻawaʻawa.

I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, pono paha ʻoe i nā mahele he nui i nā lā he nui, me ka nānā pono ʻana ma waena o nā lāʻau. E kaulike kāu mau kauka i nā pōmaikaʻi o ka lāʻau lapaʻau mau e kūʻē i nā hopena ʻaoʻao e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mālama maikaʻi loa.

He aha nā hopena ʻaoʻao o Pralidoxime?

E like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau a pau, hiki i ka pralidoxime ke hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao, ʻoiai e ʻae maikaʻi ka nui o nā kānaka, ʻoiai ke noʻonoʻo ʻia e hoʻohana ʻia i nā kūlana hoʻoweliweli i ke ola. He maʻalahi a hiki ke mālama ʻia nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau me ka mālama olakino kūpono.

Eia nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau e hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike:

• Nausea a me ka luaʻi
• ʻO ka ʻūlū a i ʻole ka māmā
• Poʻo
• ʻIke pohihihi
• Nāwaliwali ʻiʻo
• ʻEha a i ʻole ka huhū ma ke kahua injection
• Puʻuwai wikiwiki

ʻO kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao he mea manawa pōkole ia a hoʻomaikaʻi ke hana kou kino i ka lāʻau a ola mai ka ʻona.

Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke ʻike i nā hopena ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi e pono ai ka mālama olakino koke. ʻO kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao kakaʻikahi akā nui nā mea i komo:

• Nā hopena maʻi maʻi koʻikoʻi me ka pilikia o ka hanu ʻana a i ʻole ka pehu ʻana
• Ka puʻuwai puʻuwai ʻole a wikiwiki loa paha
• Nāwaliwali ʻiʻo koʻikoʻi a i ʻole ka lōlō
• Huikau a i ʻole ka loli ʻana o ka noʻonoʻo
• Pilikia o ka hanu ʻana a i ʻole nā pilikia hanu
• Ke koko kiʻekiʻe koʻikoʻi

Mai ka mea e noho ana ʻoe i kahi keʻena lapaʻau i ka wā e loaʻa ai iā pralidoxime, e nānā pono kāu hui mālama ola iā ʻoe no nā hōʻailona e pili ana a hiki ke pane koke inā pono.

ʻO wai ka mea ʻaʻole pono e lawe iā Pralidoxime?

ʻOiai palekana ʻo pralidoxime no ka hapa nui o nā kānaka i nā kūlana pilikia, aia kekahi poʻe e pono ai ka noʻonoʻo kūikawā a i ʻole nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe. Pono nā kānaka me nā maʻi maʻi i ʻike ʻia iā pralidoxime a i ʻole nā lāʻau lapaʻau like e hōʻike koke i kā lākou hui mālama ola.

Pono paha nā kānaka me kekahi mau maʻi puʻuwai, nā pilikia o ka puʻupaʻa, a i ʻole ka maʻi ate koʻikoʻi i nā mea i hoʻololi ʻia a i ʻole ka nānā ʻana i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana. Eia naʻe, i nā kūlana ʻona e hoʻoweliweli ana i ke ola, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pōmaikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana ma mua o kēia mau pilikia.

Hiki i nā wahine hāpai a me nā wahine e hānai ana i ka waiū ke loaʻa iā pralidoxime ke pono, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka ʻona organophosphate i ka makuahine a me ka pēpē ma mua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ponoʻī. E noʻonoʻo pono kāu hui mālama ola i nā pilikia a me nā pōmaikaʻi i kēia mau kūlana.

Nā inoa inoa o Pralidoxime

Loaʻa ʻo Pralidoxime ma lalo o kekahi mau inoa inoa, ʻo Protopam kekahi o nā hoʻohui i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā halemai a me nā kūlana pilikia. ʻO nā inoa inoa ʻē aʻe e komo pū ana me Pralidoxime Chloride Injection a me nā ʻano generic like ʻole.

Hiki i ka inoa kikoʻī āu e loaʻa ai ke hilinaʻi ʻia i nā mea i loaʻa ma kāu wahi lapaʻau, akā aia nā mana i ʻae ʻia i ka mea hana like a hana like. E hoʻohana kāu hui mālama ola i ka mea kūpono loa no kou kūlana.

I nā wahi pane pilikia o ka pūʻali koa a i ʻole nā wahi pane pilikia kūikawā, hiki ke loaʻa ka pralidoxime i nā mea hana auto-injector no ka hoʻokele wikiwiki ʻana ma nā kūlana kahua. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia mau mea e nā limahana i aʻo ʻia i nā wahi pilikia kiʻekiʻe.

Nā Koho ʻē aʻe o Pralidoxime

He kakaikahi loa nā koho pololei i ka pralidoxime no ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻona organophosphate, no ka mea, ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻohuli i kēia ʻano o ka ʻike ʻawaʻawa. Eia naʻe, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe me ka pralidoxime e hāʻawi i ka mālama piha.

ʻO Atropine ka lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau, e kōkua ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā hōʻailona i ka wā e hana ana ka pralidoxime e hoʻohuli i ka ʻona ma lalo. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā benzodiazepines e like me diazepam e mālama i nā hopu a i ʻole nā ʻiʻo ʻiʻo koʻikoʻi.

I kekahi mau hihia kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai ka pralidoxime a i ʻole hiki ʻole ke hoʻohana ʻia, hiki i nā mea mālama ola ke hilinaʻi nui i ka mālama kākoʻo, me ke kākoʻo hanu, nā wai IV, a me ka mālama ʻana i nā hōʻailona i ka wā e hana maoli ai ke kino i ka lāʻau make i ka manawa.

Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o Pralidoxime ma mua o Atropine?

Hana ʻokoʻa ka Pralidoxime a me ka atropine a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia me ka hui pū ʻana ma mua o nā lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻokūkū no ka ʻona organophosphate. E noʻonoʻo iā lākou he hui kahi i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau kāna kuleana nui i kou ola hou ʻana.

Hana wikiwiki ʻo Atropine e mālama i nā hōʻailona koke e like me ka nui o ka salivation, ka ʻiʻo ʻiʻo, a me nā pilikia hanu, ʻoiai ʻo pralidoxime e hana e hoʻohuli i ka ʻona ma kona kumu. Hāʻawi ʻo Atropine i ka hōʻoluʻolu hōʻailona wikiwiki, akā e kamaʻilio ʻo pralidoxime i ke kumu ma lalo.

Manaʻo ka hapa nui o nā protocol lapaʻau e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau ʻelua i ka wā e mālama ai i ka ʻona organophosphate, no ka mea, hāʻawi ka hui pū ʻana i nā hopena maikaʻi aʻe ma mua o kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau wale nō. E hoʻoholo kāu hui mālama ola i ke ala maikaʻi loa e pili ana i kou kūlana a me nā hōʻailona.

Nā Nīnau i Nīnau pinepine ʻia e pili ana iā Pralidoxime

He palekana anei ʻo Pralidoxime no ka maʻi puʻuwai?

Hiki ke hoʻohana palekana ʻia ʻo Pralidoxime i ka poʻe me ka maʻi puʻuwai, akā pono ia i ka nānā pono ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mahele. Hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻololi i ka helu o ka puʻuwai a i ʻole ke koko, no laila e nānā pono kāu hui lapaʻau i ka hana o kou puʻuwai i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana.

I nā kūlana ʻona pilikia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana iā pralidoxime ma mua o nā pilikia, ʻoiai no ka poʻe me nā maʻi puʻuwai. E hoʻohana kāu poʻe mālama ola i nā mea nānā mau e hōʻoia i ka paʻa ʻana o kou puʻuwai i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana.

He aha kaʻu e hana ai inā hoʻohana hewa au i ka nui o Pralidoxime?

No ka mea, hāʻawi ʻia ʻo pralidoxime e nā poʻe loea lapaʻau i nā wahi i mālama ʻia, he mea maʻamau loa ka overdose ulia. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka mālama ʻana a loaʻa nā hōʻailona e like me ka nāwaliwali o ka ʻiʻo, ka pilikia o ka hanu ʻana, a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻike, e loiloi koke kāu hui lapaʻau a hoʻoponopono i kāu mālama ʻana.

Ua aʻo ʻia kāu poʻe mālama ola e ʻike i nā hōʻailona o ka ʻona pralidoxime a hiki ke hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo inā pono. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolohi a hoʻōki paha i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a hāʻawi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kōkua i kou kino e hana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau keu me ka palekana.

He aha kaʻu e hana ai inā haʻalele au i kahi mahele o Pralidoxime?

ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e hopohopo e pili ana i ka haʻalele ʻana i kahi mahele o pralidoxime, no ka mea, hāʻawi ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau e nā poʻe loea mālama ola e nānā pono i kāu papa hana lapaʻau. E hōʻoia kāu hui lapaʻau e loaʻa iā ʻoe ka nui kūpono i nā manawa kūpono.

Inā he lohi i ka mālama ʻana no kekahi kumu, e hoʻoponopono kāu poʻe mālama ola i kāu hoʻolālā lapaʻau e like me ia. E noʻonoʻo lākou i nā mea e like me ka nui o ka manawa i hala mai kāu mahele hope loa a me kāu mau hōʻailona i kēia manawa e hoʻoholo ai i ke ala maikaʻi loa o ka hana.

I ka manawa hea e hiki ai iaʻu ke hooki i ka lawe ʻana iā Pralidoxime?

Na kāu hui mālama ola e hoʻoholo i ka manawa e hooki ai i ka pralidoxime ma muli o kāu holomua hoʻōla a me nā hopena hoʻāʻo koko. Loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hapa nui o nā kānaka no 1 a 3 mau lā, akā pili ka lōʻihi pololei i ka nui o kou ʻona ʻana a me ka maikaʻi o ka pane ʻana o kou kino i ka lapaʻau.

E ʻimi kāu mau kauka i nā hōʻailona e hana maʻamau ana kāu ʻōnaehana nerve, e like me ka ikaika o ka ʻiʻo, nā reflexes maʻamau, a me nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi paʻa. Hiki nō hoʻi iā lākou ke hana i nā hoʻāʻo koko e hōʻoia i ka hoʻopau pono ʻia ʻana o ka mea ʻawaʻawa.

Hiki iaʻu ke kalaiwa ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o Pralidoxime?

ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e kalaiwa a i ʻole e hana i nā mīkini no ka liʻiliʻi o 24 a 48 mau hola ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pralidoxime, no ka mea, hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻoulu i ka ʻūlū, ka ʻike pohihihi, a me ka nāwaliwali o ka ʻiʻo. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻōla ʻana mai ka ʻona organophosphate e koi i ka manawa no kou kino e hoʻōla piha.

E hāʻawi kāu hui mālama ola i ke alakaʻi kikoʻī e pili ana i ka manawa e palekana ai e hoʻomau i nā hana maʻamau, me ke kalaiwa. Makemake lākou e hōʻoia i ka hoʻi ʻana o kou ʻike, ka hoʻopili ʻana, a me nā reflexes i ka maʻamau ma mua o kou lawe ʻana i nā hana e koi ai i ka makaʻala piha a me ka mana kino.