Mea ho'ōlaʻi-ola (alawa waha, alawa ʻōpū, alawa intravena, alawa intra-arterial, alawa intraspinal)

Cystografin, Cystografin-Dilute, Feridex IV, Gastrografin, Glofil-125, Hypaque Meglumine, Hypaque Sodium, MD-Gastroview, Multihance, Perchloracap, Renocal-76, Sinografin, Renografin-Dip

ʻO nā mea hoʻohālikelike radiopaque he mau lāʻau lapaʻau e kōkua ana i ka ʻike ʻana i kekahi mau pilikia olakino. Loaʻa iā lākou ka iodine, ka mea e hoʻopili ai i nā X-ray. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hāʻawi ʻana, e kūkulu ʻia nā mea hoʻohālikelike radiopaque i kahi wahi kūikawā o ke kino. ʻO ka nui o ka iodine e hiki ai i nā X-ray ke hana i kahi "kiʻi" o ka wahi. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohālikelike radiopaque i ka ʻike ʻana i: Lawe ʻia nā mea hoʻohālikelike radiopaque ma ka waha a i ʻole ma ka enema a i ʻole ka injection. A laila, hoʻohana ʻia nā X-ray e nānā inā he pilikia kekahi me ka ʻōpū, nā ʻōpū, nā puʻupaʻa, a i ʻole nā ​​​​wahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino. Hāʻawi ʻia kekahi mau mea hoʻohālikelike radiopaque, e like me ka iohexol, iopamidol, a me ka metrizamide ma ka injection i loko o ka spinal canal. A laila, hoʻohana ʻia nā X-ray e kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i nā pilikia a i ʻole nā ​​​​maʻi i ke poʻo, ka spinal canal, a me ka ʻōnaehana nerve. E ʻokoʻa nā nui o nā mea hoʻohālikelike radiopaque no nā mea maʻi like ʻole a hilinaʻi i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokolohua. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka ikaika o ka hopena ma ka nui o ka iodine i loaʻa iā ia. E pono ai nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole i kahi ikaika a me ka nui o ka hopena ma muli o ka makahiki o ka mea maʻi, ka ʻokoʻa e pono ai, a me nā lako X-ray i hoʻohana ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi catheter a i ʻole syringe e kau i ka hopena o ka mea hoʻohālikelike radiopaque i loko o ka bladder a i ʻole nā ​​​​ureters e kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i nā pilikia a i ʻole nā ​​​​maʻi o nā puʻupaʻa a i ʻole nā ​​​​wahi ʻē aʻe o ka urinary tract. Hiki nō hoʻi ke kau ʻia i loko o ka uterus a me nā fallopian tubes e kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i nā pilikia a i ʻole nā ​​​​maʻi o kēlā mau kino. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻokolohua, e hoʻokuʻu ka mea maʻi i ka hapa nui o ka hopena ma ka urination (ma hope o nā haʻawina bladder a i ʻole ureter) a i ʻole mai ka vagina (ma hope o nā haʻawina uterine a i ʻole fallopian tube). Pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohālikelike radiopaque e ke kauka a i ʻole ma lalo o ka nānā pololei ʻana o ke kauka. Loaʻa kēia huahana i nā ʻano dosage e hiki mai ana:

I ka hoʻoholo ʻana e loaʻa kahi hoʻokolohua hōʻike, pono e kaulike i nā pilikia o ka lawe ʻana i ka hoʻokolohua me ka pono e hana ai. He hoʻoholo kēia āu a me kāu kauka e hana ai. No kēia mau hoʻokolohua, pono e noʻonoʻo i kēia mau mea: E haʻi aku i kāu kauka inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi hopena maʻamau ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kēia hui a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe. E haʻi pū aku i kāu limahana mālama ola inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā mea ʻaliki, e like me nā meaʻai, nā mea kala, nā mea mālama, a i ʻole nā ​​holoholona. No nā huahana ʻole-prescription, e heluhelu pono i ka lepili a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻohui pūʻolo. Hiki i nā keiki, ʻoiai nā mea me nā pilikia olakino ʻē aʻe, ke ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi i nā hopena o nā mea hana radiopaque. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻonui i ka manawa o nā hopena ʻaoʻao. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā poʻe ʻelemakule i nā hopena o nā mea hana radiopaque. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻonui i ka manawa o nā hopena ʻaoʻao. ʻAʻole i hana ʻia nā haʻawina ma nā kānaka me ka hapa nui o nā mea hana radiopaque. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia ʻo iohexol, iopamidol, iothalamate, ioversol, ioxaglate, a me metrizamide e hana i nā hemahema hānau a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia ʻē aʻe i nā haʻawina holoholona. ʻO kekahi o nā mea hana radiopaque, e like me nā diatrizoates, ma nā manawa kakaikahi, ua hana i ka hypothyroidism (thyroid underactive) i ke pēpē i ka wā i lawe ʻia ai ma hope o ka hāpai ʻana. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia nā X-ray o ka ʻōpū i ka wā hāpai. ʻO kēia e pale aku ai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka fetus i ka radiation. E hōʻoia ʻoe ua kūkākūkā ʻoe me kāu kauka. ʻOiai ke komo nei kekahi o kēia mau mea hana radiopaque i ka waiū umauma, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia lākou e hana i nā pilikia i nā pēpē hānai. Eia naʻe, pono paha e hoʻōki i ka hānai ʻana i ka wā ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mea hana radiopaque. E hōʻoia ʻoe ua kūkākūkā ʻoe me kāu kauka. ʻOiai ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana pū ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau, ma nā hihia ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana pū ʻia ʻelua mau lāʻau lapaʻau ʻokoʻa ʻoiai inā hiki ke loaʻa kahi pilina. I kēia mau hihia, makemake paha kāu kauka e hoʻololi i ka nui, a i ʻole pono paha nā palekana ʻē aʻe. E haʻi aku i kāu limahana mālama ola inā ke lawe nei ʻoe i kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe a i ʻole lāʻau lapaʻau ʻole (over-the-counter [OTC]). ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole kokoke i ka manawa o ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai a i ʻole ka ʻai ʻana i kekahi mau ʻano meaʻai ʻoiai hiki ke loaʻa nā pilina. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waiʻona a i ʻole ka paka me kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau hiki ke hana i nā pilina. E kūkākūkā me kāu limahana mālama ola i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau me ka meaʻai, ka waiʻona, a i ʻole ka paka. Hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pilikia olakino ʻē aʻe ke hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua hōʻike ma kēia papa. E hōʻoia ʻoe e haʻi aku i kāu kauka inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā pilikia olakino ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai: