He aha ka Tafenoquine: Nā hoʻohana, ka nui o ka lāʻau, nā hopena ʻaoʻao a me nā mea hou aku

ʻO Tafenoquine kahi lāʻau lapaʻau antimalarial i kauoha ʻia e kōkua i ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi malaria. Hāʻawi kēia lāʻau lapaʻau hou i kahi koho ikaika no ka pale ʻana i ka malaria ke hele ʻoe i nā wahi pilikia nui a i ʻole pono e mālama ʻia no kekahi mau ʻano maʻi malaria.

Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o kahi hui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo 8-aminoquinolines, hana ʻokoʻa ka tafenoquine mai nā lāʻau malaria ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopā ia i ka parasite ma nā pae he nui o kona ola, e hana ana i mea kūpono loa no ka pale a me ka mālama ʻana i ka malaria.

He aha ka Tafenoquine?

ʻO Tafenoquine kahi lāʻau antimalarial e pale a mālama i ka malaria i hana ʻia e nā parasites Plasmodium. No kahi papa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo 8-aminoquinolines, i ʻike ʻia no ko lākou hiki ke hoʻopau loa i nā parasites malaria mai kou kino.

Ua ʻae ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau e ka FDA i ka makahiki 2018 a he holomua nui i ka mālama ʻana i ka malaria. ʻAʻole like me kekahi mau lāʻau antimalarial kahiko, hiki i ka tafenoquine ke hoʻopā i nā parasites dormant e hūnā ana i kou ate, e pale ana i nā maʻi malaria e hiki mai ana.

Hele mai ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano he papa waha a loaʻa wale nō ma ke kauoha. E hoʻoholo kāu kauka inā kūpono ka tafenoquine iā ʻoe e pili ana i kāu kūlana kikoʻī a me ka mōʻaukala olakino.

No ke aha e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka Tafenoquine?

He ʻelua mau kumu nui o ka Tafenoquine i ka mālama malaria: ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana. Hiki i kāu kauka ke kuhikuhi iā ia e pale iā ʻoe mai ka loaʻa ʻana o ka malaria a i ʻole e mālama i kahi maʻi e kū nei.

No ka pale ʻana, hana ka tafenoquine ma ke ʻano he prophylaxis malaria ke hele ʻoe i nā wahi kahi i maʻamau ai ka malaria. He mea pono loa ia no nā huakaʻi lōʻihi a i ʻole ke pono ʻoe i ka pale lōʻihi ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana i ka home.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama i ka malaria Plasmodium vivax, kahi ʻano kikoʻī e hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi hou. Eia ke manawa e ʻōlelo ai kāu kauka i ka tafenoquine:

• Ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi malaria i ka wā e hele ai i nā wahi i loaʻa ka maʻi
• Ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi malaria P. vivax i hōʻoia ʻia
• Ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻi hou ʻana o ka maʻi malaria mai nā parasite ate dormant
• Ka pale ʻana ma hope o ka huakaʻi ma hope o ka ʻike lōʻihi

E noʻonoʻo kāu mea mālama ola i kāu mau hoʻolālā huakaʻi, ka mōʻaukala olakino, a me nā pilikia malaria kikoʻī ma kāu huakaʻi e hoʻoholo ai inā kūpono ka tafenoquine iā ʻoe.

Pehea ka hana ʻana o Tafenoquine?

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Tafenoquine he lāʻau antimalarial ikaika e hana ana ma ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā parasite malaria i nā pae like ʻole o ko lākou ola. Hoʻopilikia ia i ka hiki ʻana o ka parasite ke ola a hana hou i loko o kou kino.

He mea maikaʻi loa ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mea hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau i nā hypnozoites, ʻo ia nā ʻano dormant o ka parasite malaria e hūnā ana i loko o kou ate. Hiki i kēia mau parasite hiamoe ke hoʻāla hou i nā pule a i ʻole nā mahina ma hope mai, e hana ana i nā maʻi malaria e hana hou ana.

Ma ka ʻimi ʻana i nā parasite ikaika a me nā parasite dormant, hāʻawi ʻo tafenoquine i ka pale piha. Hoʻopilikia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā hana cellular o ka parasite, e alakaʻi ana i ko lākou luku ʻia a pale iā lākou mai ka hana ʻana i ka maʻi.

Pehea wau e lawe ai iā Tafenoquine?

E lawe i ka tafenoquine e like me ke kauoha a kāu kauka, maʻamau me ka meaʻai e hōʻemi i ka ʻōpū. Pono e lawe ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau me ke aniani wai piha i ka wā a i ʻole ma hope koke o ka ʻai.

No ka pale ʻana i ka malaria, e lawe maʻamau ʻoe i hoʻokahi papa i kēlā me kēia pule, e hoʻomaka ana i 1-2 pule ma mua o ka huakaʻi a e hoʻomau ana no hoʻokahi pule ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana. E hāʻawi kāu kauka iā ʻoe i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo manawa kikoʻī e pili ana i kāu mau hoʻolālā huakaʻi.

Ke mālama nei i ka malaria, ʻokoʻa paha ka papa hana dosing a pili pinepine i ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kēlā me kēia lā no ka manawa pōkole. Eia nā alakaʻi nui e hahai ai:

• E lawe me ka meaʻai a i ʻole ka waiū e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka omo ʻana a e hōʻemi i ka nausea
• E ale i nā papa holoʻokoʻa me ka wai nui
• E lawe i ka manawa like i kēlā me kēia lā e mālama i nā pae kūlike
• Mai ʻoki, nau, a i ʻole e māhele i nā papa
• E hoʻomau i ka lawe ʻana inā maikaʻi ʻoe

Inā pilikia ʻoe i ka ale ʻana i nā papa, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā koho ʻē aʻe. Mai hoʻololi i kāu mahele me ka ʻole o ke alakaʻi olakino, no ka mea, hiki i kēia ke hoʻopilikia i ka pono o ka lāʻau.

Pehea ka lōʻihi e lawe ai au i ka Tafenoquine?

Aia ka lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻana i ka tafenoquine inā e hoʻohana ana ʻoe ia no ka pale ʻana a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana. E hāʻawi kāu kauka i nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī e pili ana i kāu kūlana pilikino.

No ka pale ʻana i ka malaria i ka wā huakaʻi, e lawe maʻamau ʻoe i ka tafenoquine no ka lōʻihi o kāu huakaʻi me ka manawa hou ma mua a ma hope. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻomaka ʻana i 1-2 pule ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana a me ka hoʻomau ʻana no hoʻokahi pule ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana i ka home.

Ke mālama nei i kahi maʻi malaria ikaika, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka papa akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika. Hiki ke lōʻihi ka mālama ʻana mai kekahi mau lā a i kekahi mau pule, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka malaria a me kāu pane ʻana i ka lāʻau.

Mai hooki i ka lawe ʻana i ka tafenoquine i ka wā mua, ʻoiai inā maikaʻi loa ʻoe. Hiki i ka mālama ʻole ʻana ke alakaʻi i nā maʻi hou a i ʻole ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka lāʻau, e paʻakikī ai ka mālama ʻana i ka malaria i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

He aha nā hopena ʻaoʻao o Tafenoquine?

E like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau a pau, hiki i ka tafenoquine ke hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻike nā kānaka a pau iā lākou. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hopena ʻaoʻao he maʻalahi a hiki ke mālama ʻia, akā hiki i kekahi ke ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi.

ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau i ʻike ʻia e nā poʻe he nui, ʻo ia ka nausea, ka luaʻi, a me ka ʻoluʻolu o ka ʻōpū. Hoʻomaikaʻi pinepine kēia mau pilikia digestive ke lawe ʻoe i ka lāʻau me ka meaʻai.

Eia nā hopena ʻaoʻao i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e ʻike paha ʻoe:

• Ka luaʻi a me ka luaʻi
• ʻEha ʻōpū a i ʻole nā ʻōpū
• ʻEha poʻo
• Pōniuniu
• Luhi a i ʻole nāwaliwali
• Pilikia i ka hiamoe
• Nalo o ka ʻai

Hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka poʻe me kekahi mau maʻi genetic. ʻO kēia mau mea e komo pū ana me ka anemia koʻikoʻi, nā hōʻailona psychiatric e like me ka hopohopo a i ʻole ke kaumaha, a me nā loli o ka puʻuwai.

ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao laha akā koʻikoʻi e koi ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau koke e komo pū ana me nā hopena maʻi koʻikoʻi, ka luaʻi mau, ka luhi maʻamau, ka melemele o ka ʻili a i ʻole nā maka, a me nā loli nui o ke ʻano. E kelepona koke i kāu kauka inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau hōʻailona e pili ana.

ʻO wai ka mea ʻaʻole pono e lawe iā Tafenoquine?

ʻAʻole palekana ʻo Tafenoquine no nā mea a pau, a pono kekahi poʻe e pale loa i kēia lāʻau. E nānā kāu kauka iā ʻoe no nā kūlana kikoʻī ma mua o ke kau ʻana iā tafenoquine.

ʻAʻole pono ka poʻe me ka G6PD deficiency, kahi maʻi genetic e pili ana i nā ʻulaʻula koko, e lawe iā tafenoquine. Hiki i kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻoulu i ka anemia koʻikoʻi i ka poʻe me kēia maʻi, hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola.

Ma mua o ke kau ʻana iā tafenoquine, e kauoha paha kāu kauka i kahi hoʻāʻo koko e nānā i ka G6PD deficiency. Eia nā kūlana ʻē aʻe kahi i kūpono ʻole ai ʻo tafenoquine:

• ʻIke ʻia ka G6PD deficiency
• Maʻi kīkī a i ʻole ke ake koʻikoʻi
• Mōʻaukala o nā maʻi psychiatric
• Hāpai a i ʻole ka hānai ʻana
• Nā pilikia o ka puʻuwai
• Nā hopena maʻi koʻikoʻi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau like

E nānā pono kāu kauka i kāu mōʻaukala olakino a hiki ke kauoha i nā hoʻokolohua hou e hōʻoia i ka palekana o tafenoquine iā ʻoe. E haʻi mau i kāu mea mālama ola e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a pau āu e lawe nei a me nā maʻi olakino āu i loaʻa.

Nā inoa inoa Tafenoquine

Loaʻa ʻo Tafenoquine ma lalo o ka inoa inoa ʻo Arakoda no ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi malaria a me Krintafel no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi malaria. Loaʻa i nā mea ʻelua ka mea hana like akā he mau papa hana ʻokoʻa paha.

Ua ʻae ʻia ʻo Arakoda no ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi malaria i nā mākua e hele ana i nā wahi i maʻamau ka maʻi malaria. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Krintafel me nā lāʻau antimalarial ʻē aʻe e mālama i ka maʻi malaria P. vivax.

E kuhikuhi kāu kauka i ka inoa inoa kūpono e pili ana inā pono ʻoe i ka pale a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana. Pono nā ʻano ʻelua i kahi kuhikuhi a pono e hoʻohana ʻia ma lalo o ka mālama olakino.

Nā Koho ʻē aʻe o Tafenoquine

Loaʻa kekahi mau lāʻau antimalarial ʻē aʻe inā ʻaʻole kūpono ʻo tafenoquine iā ʻoe. Hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo i nā koho ʻē aʻe e pili ana i kāu mau pono a me ka mōʻaukala olakino.

ʻO nā koho maʻamau no ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi malaria e komo pū ana me atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone), doxycycline, a me mefloquine. He mau pōmaikaʻi a me nā hopena ʻaoʻao like ʻole kēlā me kēia.

No ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi malaria, hiki i nā koho ʻē aʻe ke komo pū me chloroquine, nā lāʻau hui e pili ana i ka artemisinin, a i ʻole primaquine. Aia ke koho i ke ʻano o ka maʻi malaria, kou wahi, a me nā ʻano kūʻē kūloko.

E noʻonoʻo kāu mea mālama ola i nā mea e like me kāu huakaʻi, ka lōʻihi o ka huakaʻi, ka mōʻaukala olakino, a me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe i ke koho ʻana i ke koho antimalarial maikaʻi loa nāu.

Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o Tafenoquine ma mua o Primaquine?

ʻO Tafenoquine a me primaquine nā lāʻau antimalarial 8-aminoquinoline, akā hāʻawi ʻo tafenoquine i kekahi mau pono ma luna o primaquine. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui ʻo ia ka mea e pono ai ʻo tafenoquine i nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi ma muli o kona hopena lōʻihi i kou kino.

ʻOiai e pono ana ʻo primaquine i ka lāʻau i kēlā me kēia lā no 14 mau lā, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ʻo tafenoquine ma ke ʻano he lāʻau hoʻokahi a i ʻole papa pōkole. He mea maʻalahi kēia i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka mālama ʻana a hoʻemi i ka pilikia o nā lāʻau i hala.

He mau pilikia like nā lāʻau ʻelua, ʻoi aku hoʻi no ka poʻe me ka maʻi G6PD. Eia naʻe, no ka lōʻihi o ka hana ʻana o ka tafenoquine, noho ia i loko o kou kino no ka lōʻihi, he mea maikaʻi a he mea hopohopo paha.

E noʻonoʻo kāu kauka i kou kūlana kūikawā, me kou hiki ke lawe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kēlā me kēia lā a me nā mea pilikia, i ke koho ʻana ma waena o kēia mau koho.

Nā Nīnau i Nīnau Pinepine ʻia e pili ana i ka Tafenoquine

He Palekana anei ka Tafenoquine no ka poʻe me ka maʻi puʻuwai?

Hiki i ka Tafenoquine ke hoʻopilikia i ka puʻuwai o kekahi poʻe, no laila pono e noʻonoʻo pono inā he maʻi puʻuwai kou. E loiloi kāu kauka i kou maʻi puʻuwai kūikawā a hiki ke kauoha i nā hoʻokolohua hou ma mua o ke kau ʻana i kēia lāʻau.

Inā he moʻolelo kou o nā pilikia o ka puʻuwai, hiki i kāu mea mālama ola ke ʻōlelo aku i nā lāʻau antimalarial ʻē aʻe. E kūkākūkā mau i kāu moʻolelo cardiac piha me kāu kauka ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka tafenoquine.

He aha kaʻu e hana ai inā ua lawe au i ka nui o ka Tafenoquine?

Inā ua lawe ʻoe i ka nui o ka tafenoquine, e kelepona koke i kāu kauka a i ʻole ke kikowaena hoʻomalu i ka lāʻau make. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka nui ma mua o ka mea i kauoha ʻia hiki ke hoʻonui i kou pilikia o nā hopena ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi, ʻoi aku hoʻi inā he maʻi G6PD kou.

Mai ho'āʻo e mālama iā ʻoe iho i ka overdose. E ʻimi i ke kōkua lapaʻau ʻoihana i kēia manawa, ʻoiai inā maikaʻi ʻoe. E lawe mai i ka hue lāʻau me ʻoe e kōkua i nā mea mālama ola e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea a me ka nui āu i lawe ai.

He aha kaʻu e hana ai inā ua hala au i kahi mahele o Tafenoquine?

Inā ua hala ʻoe i kahi mahele o ka tafenoquine, e lawe koke iā ia ke hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe, ke ʻole kokoke i ka manawa no kāu mahele i hoʻonohonoho ʻia. Mai lawe i ʻelua mahele i ka manawa hoʻokahi e hoʻoponopono ai i kahi mahele i hala.

No ka pale ʻana, inā ua hala ʻoe i kahi mahele i kēlā me kēia pule, e lawe koke iā ia a laila e hoʻomau me kāu papa maʻamau. E kelepona i kāu kauka inā ua hala ʻoe i nā mahele he nui, no ka mea, hiki i kēia ke hoʻopilikia i kou pale ʻana i ka maʻi malaria.

I ka manawa hea e hiki ai iaʻu ke hooki i ka lawe ʻana i ka Tafenoquine?

Mai hooki i ka lawe ʻana i ka tafenoquine ke ʻole e ʻōlelo kāu kauka iā ʻoe, ʻoiai inā maikaʻi loa ʻoe. ʻO ka hooki ʻana i ka wā mua hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka lāʻau a i ʻole nā maʻi malaria e hoʻi hou ana.

No ka pale ʻana, pono ʻoe e hoʻomau i ka lawe ʻana i ka tafenoquine no ka manawa i kuhikuhi ʻia, me ka hoʻi ʻana mai ka huakaʻi. No ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e hoʻopau i ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa e like me ke kuhikuhi ʻia e hōʻoia i ka pau ʻana o nā parasites.

Hiki iaʻu ke inu i ka waiʻona i ka wā e lawe ana i ka Tafenoquine?

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e kaupalena i ka inu ʻana i ka waiʻona i ka wā e lawe ana i ka tafenoquine, no ka mea, hiki i nā mea ʻelua ke hoʻopilikia i kou ate a hoʻonui i nā hopena ʻaoʻao. Hiki nō hoʻi i ka waiʻona ke hoʻonui i nā hopena ʻaoʻao digestive e like me ka nausea a me ka ʻōpū.

Inā koho ʻoe e inu, e hana me ke ana a e nānā i kou manaʻo. E kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waiʻona, ʻoiai inā he pilikia kou ate a i ʻole e lawe i nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe.