He aha ka ENA Test? Ke Kumu, nā Pae/Kaʻina Hana & nā Hōʻike

ʻO ka ENA test, a i ʻole Extractable Nuclear Antigen test, e nānā ana i nā antibodies kūikawā e hana ai kou ʻōnaehana pale i ka wā e hoʻouka hewa ai i nā ʻiʻo o kou kino. Kōkua kēia hoʻāʻo koko i nā kauka e ʻike i nā maʻi autoimmune e like me ka lupus, Sjögren's syndrome, a me ka scleroderma ma ka ʻike ʻana i kēia mau antibodies i loko o kou kahe koko.

E noʻonoʻo e like me kahi mea hana mākaʻi e hōʻike ana inā ua hewa iki kāu ʻōnaehana pale. Ke huikau ka ʻōnaehana pale o kou kino a hoʻomaka e kuhikuhi i nā cell olakino, hana ia i kēia mau antibodies kūikawā e hiki ai i ka ENA test ke ʻike.

He aha ka ENA Test?

Ana ka ENA test i nā antibodies e kūʻē i nā antigens nuclear extractable, he mau protein i loko o ka nucleus o kāu mau cell. Hoʻomohala kēia mau antibodies i ka wā e ʻike hewa ai kāu ʻōnaehana pale i kēia mau protein maʻamau e like me nā mea hoʻouka malihini.

Ke nānā pono nei ka hoʻāʻo i nā antibodies e kūʻē i kekahi mau protein nui me Sm, RNP, SSA/Ro, SSB/La, Scl-70, a me Jo-1. Hiki i kēlā me kēia o kēia mau antibodies ke kuhikuhi i nā maʻi autoimmune like ʻole, e kōkua ana i kāu kauka e hoʻohui i ka mea e hana nei i loko o kou kino.

Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā kānaka i kēia hoʻāʻo ke loaʻa iā lākou ka ANA (antinuclear antibodies) a makemake kā lākou kauka e ʻeli hohonu i ke ʻano o ka maʻi autoimmune e hiki ke loaʻa.

No ke aha e hana ʻia ai ka ENA Test?

E kauoha kāu kauka i kahi ENA test ke manaʻo lākou he maʻi autoimmune paha kāu, ʻoiai inā ʻoe e ʻike nei i nā hōʻailona i wehewehe ʻole ʻia e like me ka ʻeha hui, nā ʻōpala ʻili, a i ʻole ka luhi nui. ʻO ia ka hana aʻe ma hope o ka hopena ANA test maikaʻi.

He mea nui ka hoʻāʻo ke hōʻike nei ʻoe i nā hōʻailona e hiki ke kuhikuhi i kekahi mau maʻi autoimmune like ʻole. No ka mea, hiki i kēia mau maʻi ke nānā like i ko lākou wā mua, kōkua ka ENA test e hōʻemi i nā mea hiki.

Eia nā kumu nui e ʻōlelo ai nā kauka i kēia hoʻokolohua:

• ʻEha hui a me ka pehu e hoʻomau nei ʻaʻole e hoʻomaikaʻi me ka hoʻomaha
• Pāpaʻa ʻili i wehewehe ʻole ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi nā pāpaʻa e like me ka pepe
• Luhi nui e keakea ana i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā
• Maka maloʻo a me ka waha ʻaʻole e pane i nā lāʻau maʻamau
• Nāwaliwali ʻiʻo a i ʻole ka ʻeha me ke kumu maopopo ʻole
• ʻO ka maʻi ʻo Raynaud (huli keʻokeʻo a uliuli paha nā manamana lima a me nā manamana wāwae i ke anuanu)
• Nā pilikia o ka puʻupaʻa me ka wehewehe ʻole
• Fiva e hoʻi pinepine ana me ka maʻi ʻole

Ma hope o ka ʻōlelo ʻana, hiki nō i kāu kauka ke kauoha i kēia hoʻokolohua inā he moʻolelo ʻohana kou o nā maʻi autoimmune, ʻoiai inā he maʻalahi kāu mau hōʻailona. Hiki i ka ʻike mua ke hana i kahi ʻokoʻa nui i ka mālama pono ʻana i kēia mau maʻi.

He aha ke kaʻina hana no ka hoʻokolohua ENA?

He huki koko maʻalahi ka hoʻokolohua ENA e lawe ana i kekahi mau minuke e hoʻopau ai. E kipa ʻoe i kahi lab a i ʻole ke keʻena o kāu kauka, kahi e hōʻiliʻili ai kahi ʻoihana mālama ola i kahi laʻana liʻiliʻi o ke koko mai kahi vein i kou lima.

He maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana maoli a like me nā hoʻokolohua koko maʻamau. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe kahi technician i ka wahi me kahi antiseptic, e hoʻokomo i kahi nila liʻiliʻi i loko o kou vein, a hōʻiliʻili i ke koko i loko o kahi paipu kūikawā.

Eia kāu mea e manaʻo ai i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana:

1. E noi ʻia ʻoe e noho ʻoluʻolu i loko o kahi noho me kou lima e hohola ʻia
2. E nakinaki ka technician i kahi tourniquet a puni kou lima luna e ʻike maopopo ai nā veins
3. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe lākou i ka wahi injection me ka waiʻona a i ʻole antiseptic
4. E hoʻokomo ʻia kahi nila liʻiliʻi i loko o kou vein (hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi ʻuʻuku pōkole)
5. E huki ʻia ke koko i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā paipu
6. E wehe ʻia ka nila a kau ʻia kahi bandage i ka pūnaewele

Maʻa mau ka hana holoʻokoʻa ma lalo o ʻelima mau minuke, a ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu ka hapa nui o nā kānaka ma mua o nā hoʻokolohua koko ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomau i nā hana maʻamau ma hope koke.

Pehea e hoʻomākaukau ai no kāu hoʻokolohua ENA?

ʻO ka lono maikaʻi, ʻo ia ka hoʻokolohua ENA e koi ana i ka hoʻomākaukau liʻiliʻi loa ma kāu ʻaoʻao. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻokē ʻai a i ʻole e hana i nā loli meaʻai kūikawā ma mua o ka hoʻokolohua, kahi e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻonohonoho.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻai maʻamau, lawe i kāu mau lāʻau maʻamau, a hele i kāu hana maʻamau ma mua o ka hoʻokolohua. Eia naʻe, he mea naʻauao mau e haʻi i kāu kauka e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau āu e lawe nei, ʻoiai nā lāʻau immunosuppressive.

Eia kekahi mau ʻanuʻu maʻalahi e kōkua i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka ʻike maʻalahi:

• E ʻaʻahu i ka pālule me nā lima e hiki ke ʻōwili maʻalahi
• E noho maikaʻi i ka wai ma ka inu ʻana i ka wai nui ma mua o ka hoʻokolohua
• E lawe mai i kahi papa inoa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea hoʻohui āu e lawe nei
• E hōʻike i ka loea inā makaʻu ʻoe i nā nila a i ʻole ua pōʻino ʻoe i ka wā o ka huki koko ma mua
• E noʻonoʻo e lawe mai i kahi mea ʻai inā ʻoe e manaʻo ana i ka māmā ma hope o ka huki koko

Inā hopohopo nui ʻoe e pili ana i nā nila, mai kānalua e haʻi i kēia i ka hui mālama ola. Loaʻa iā lākou ka ʻike i ke kōkua ʻana i nā maʻi hopohopo e ʻoluʻolu i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana.

Pehea e heluhelu ai i kāu hopena hoʻokolohua ENA?

Hōʻike ʻia nā hopena hoʻokolohua ENA ma ke ʻano he maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole paha no kēlā me kēia antibody i hoʻāʻo ʻia. ʻO ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā antibodies, ʻoiai ʻo ka hopena maikaʻi e hōʻike ana i ke alo o nā antibodies kikoʻī a maʻa mau i kahi waiwai helu a i ʻole titer.

E wehewehe kāu kauka i kēia mau hopena me kāu mau hōʻailona, ​​ka hoʻokolokolo kino, a me nā hopena hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe. He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o nā antibodies ENA maikaʻi ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo e loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi autoimmune, a ʻaʻole hoʻi e kāpae nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i hoʻokahi.

Eia ka mea e hōʻike ai nā hopena antibody like ʻole:

• Nā antibody Anti-Sm: He mea kikoʻī loa no ka systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• Nā antibody Anti-RNP: Pili pū me ka maʻi ʻaʻaʻa pili huihui
• Nā antibody Anti-SSA/Ro: Pili i ka maʻi ʻo Sjögren a me ka lupus
• Nā antibody Anti-SSB/La: ʻIke pinepine ʻia i ka maʻi ʻo Sjögren
• Nā antibody Anti-Scl-70: Pili pū me ka scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)
• Nā antibody Anti-Jo-1: Pili i nā maʻi ʻiʻo mumū

E hoʻomanaʻo i kekahi poʻe olakino hiki ke loaʻa nā pae haʻahaʻa o kēia mau antibody me ka hoʻomohala ʻole ʻana i kekahi maʻi autoimmune. E noʻonoʻo kāu kauka i ke kiʻi piha o kou olakino i ka wā e wehewehe ai i kēia mau hopena.

He aha ke ʻano o nā pae ENA kiʻekiʻe?

Hōʻike nā pae ENA kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā mea maikaʻi e hana ana kāu ʻōnaehana pale i nā antibody e kūʻē i kou mau ʻiʻo ponoʻī. Hōʻike kēia i ka hana autoimmune hiki ke hana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo he maʻi autoimmune piha kāu i kēia manawa.

Aia ke koʻikoʻi o nā pae kiʻekiʻe i nā antibody kikoʻī i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia a me ke kiʻekiʻe o nā pae. ʻOi aku ka kikoʻī o kekahi mau antibody i kekahi mau kūlana ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pae e pili pinepine ana me ka maʻi ʻoi aku ka hana.

Ke kiʻekiʻe nā pae ENA, makemake paha kāu kauka e nānā pono iā ʻoe a hiki ke ʻōlelo i nā hoʻokolohua hou e kiʻi i kahi kiʻi maopopo o ka mea e hana nei i kou kino.

He aha nā mea pilikia no nā pae ENA maʻamau ʻole?

Hiki i kekahi mau mea ke hoʻonui i kou hiki ke hoʻomohala i nā antibody e ʻike ai nā hoʻokolohua ENA. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau mea pilikia hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe a me kāu kauka e makaʻala i nā pilikia autoimmune.

ʻO ka mea nui e pilikia ai, ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o ka moʻolelo o ka ʻohana o nā maʻi autoimmune, no ka mea, e holo ana kēia mau maʻi i loko o nā ʻohana. Inā he lupus, Sjögren's syndrome, a i ʻole nā maʻi like ʻole nā ​​mākua, nā kaikunāne, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻohana pili ʻē aʻe, aia paha ʻoe i ka pilikia nui.

ʻO nā mea pilikia nui ʻē aʻe e komo pū ana:

• He wahine (ʻoi aku ka pinepine o nā maʻi autoimmune i nā wahine)
• Makahiki ma waena o 15-45 mau makahiki (i ka wā e ʻike mua ʻia ai nā maʻi autoimmune he nui)
• Nā ʻano lāhui (nui nā helu ma nā poʻe ʻAmelika ʻApelika, Hispanic, a me Asia)
• Hōʻike ʻia i nā maʻi kikoʻī e hiki ke hoʻomaka i nā pane autoimmune
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ke hoʻokomo i nā hopena autoimmune
• ʻO ka ʻike nui ʻana i ka lā (hiki ke hoʻomaka i ka lupus i nā kānaka i maʻalahi)
• Nā pae koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻololi nui o ke ola
• Puhi (hoʻonui i ka pilikia no kekahi mau maʻi autoimmune)

Ma hope o ka ʻōlelo ʻana, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā poʻe he nui me kēia mau mea pilikia nā maʻi autoimmune, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe me ka ʻole o nā mea pilikia i ʻike ʻia. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kēia mau maʻi e pili ana i nā pilina paʻakikī ma waena o ka genetics a me ke kaiapuni.

He aha nā pilikia e hiki ke loaʻa i nā hopena ENA maikaʻi?

Hōʻailona pinepine nā hopena ENA maikaʻi i ke alo o nā maʻi autoimmune e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā ʻōnaehana kino he nui inā ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia. Aia nā pilikia kikoʻī i nā antibodies i loaʻa a me ke ʻano e ulu ai.

ʻO ka ʻike mua ʻana ma o ka hoʻāʻo ENA e kōkua maoli i ka pale ʻana i nā pilikia he nui ma ka ʻae ʻana i ka mālama wikiwiki. Eia naʻe, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea e hiki ke hana inā holomua kēia mau maʻi me ka ʻole o ka mālama pono.

ʻO nā pilikia maʻamau e pili ana me nā hopena ENA maikaʻi e komo pū ana:

• Ka pōʻino o nā hono a me ka maʻi ʻaʻa mau e alakaʻi ana i nā pilikia o ka hele
• Nā pilikia o nā puʻupaʻa e hiki ke holomua i ka hāʻule ʻana o nā puʻupaʻa
• Nā pilikia o ka naʻau me ka mumū o ka ʻiʻo o ka naʻau
• Ka mumū o ka māmā a me ka ʻōpala e pili ana i ka hanu
• Nā loli o ka ʻili me ka ʻōpala a me ka ʻike
• Ka maloʻo o nā maka e hiki ke alakaʻi i ka pōʻino o ka cornea
• Ke komo ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana nerve e hana ana i nā haʻalulu a i ʻole nā pilikia cognitive
• Nā maʻi koko me ka anemia a me nā helu platelet haʻahaʻa

ʻO ka lono hoʻoikaika, hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou ke mālama pono i ka hapa nui o kēia mau maʻi ke ʻike ʻia i ka wā mua. Hiki i ka nānā mau ʻana a me ka mālama kūpono ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana a i ʻole ka hōʻemi ʻana i kēia mau pilikia.

I ka manawa hea e ʻike ai au i ke kauka no nā hopena hoʻāʻo ENA?

Pono ʻoe e hahai me kāu kauka ke loaʻa nā hopena ENA, me ka nānā ʻole inā he maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole paha. Pono kāu kauka e wehewehe i kēia mau hopena i ka pōʻaiapili o kāu mau hōʻailona a me ke olakino holoʻokoʻa.

Inā he maikaʻi kāu mau hopena, he mea nui e hoʻonohonoho i kēlā manawa hahai koke. Hiki i ka hana mua ke hana i kahi ʻokoʻa nui i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi autoimmune.

Pono ʻoe e hoʻokaʻaʻike i kāu kauka i ka wā ma mua inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona i ka wā e kali ana a i ʻole ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kāu mau hopena:

• Ka hoʻomaka koke ʻana o ka ʻeha hui nui a i ʻole ka pehu
• Nā ʻōpala ʻili hou a i ʻole e hōʻino ana, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā wahi i ʻike ʻia i ka lā
• Ka wela mau me ke kumu ʻike ʻole
• Nā loli nui i ka mimi a i ʻole ke koko i loko o ka mimi
• Ka luhi nui e keakea ana i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā
• Ka pilikia o ka hanu a i ʻole ka ʻeha o ka umauma
• Nā maka maloʻo nui a i ʻole ka waha e pili ana i ka ʻai a i ʻole ka ʻōlelo
• Nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo e ʻino nei

E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hopohopo inā he hopena ENA maikaʻi kāu. Nui nā kānaka me kēia mau antibodies e ola ana i ke ola maʻamau a olakino me ka mālama olakino kūpono a me ka nānā ʻana.

Nā Nīnau i Nīnau pinepine ʻia e pili ana i ka ENA Test

Q1. He mea maikaʻi anei ka ENA test no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka lupus?

ʻAe, he mea waiwai nui ka ENA test no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka lupus, ʻoiai hiki iā ia ke ʻike i nā antibodies Anti-Sm, he mea kikoʻī loa ia i ka systemic lupus erythematosus. Ke loaʻa nā antibodies Anti-Sm, hōʻike ikaika lākou i ka lupus ma mua o nā maʻi autoimmune ʻē aʻe.

ʻIke pū ka hoʻokolohua i nā antibodies Anti-SSA/Ro, i loaʻa ma kahi o 30-40% o nā kānaka me ka lupus. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hilinaʻi nā kauka i ka ENA test wale nō e hōʻoia i ka lupus – hoʻohana lākou iā ia me kāu mau hōʻailona, ka hoʻokolokolo kino, a me nā hoʻokolohua koko ʻē aʻe e hana i kahi hōʻoia piha.

Q2. ʻO ka ENA test maikaʻi ke manaʻo nei he maʻi autoimmune koʻu?

ʻAʻole pono. ʻOiai e hōʻike ana nā hopena ENA maikaʻi i ka hana autoimmune, hiki i kekahi poʻe olakino ke loaʻa nā pae haʻahaʻa o kēia mau antibodies me ka hoʻomohala ʻole ʻana i kahi maʻi autoimmune. E noʻonoʻo kāu kauka i kāu mau hōʻailona, nā hopena hoʻokolokolo kino, a me nā hopena hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe e hoʻoholo ai inā he maʻi autoimmune kāu.

E noʻonoʻo i nā hopena ENA maikaʻi ma ke ʻano he hae ʻulaʻula e pono ai ka nānā ʻana ma mua o ka hōʻoia maopopo. Hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo i ka hoʻāʻo hou ʻana a i ʻole ka nānā ʻana hou e ʻike inā e loli nā pae antibody i ka manawa.

Q3. Hiki ke loli nā hopena ENA test i ka manawa?

ʻAe, hiki ke loli maoli nā hopena ENA test i ka manawa. Hiki ke loli nā pae antibody ma muli o ka hana maʻi, ka pane ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke hoʻāʻo maikaʻi ʻole i ka wā mua akā e hoʻomohala i nā hopena maikaʻi ma hope i ka wā e holomua ai ko lākou maʻi.

ʻO kēia ke kumu e ʻōlelo ai nā kauka i kekahi manawa e hana hou i ka hoʻokolohua, ʻoiai inā loli kou mau hōʻailona a i ʻole inā ua hoʻāʻo mua ʻoe i ka maikaʻi ʻole akā ke hoʻomau nei ʻoe i nā hōʻailona e pili ana. Kōkua ka nānā mau ʻana i ka nānā ʻana i ka pane ʻana o kou maʻi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

Q4. Aia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā hopena hoʻokolohua ENA?

Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻopilikia i nā hopena hoʻokolohua ENA, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maʻamau kēia. Hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ke koko kiʻekiʻe, nā maʻi puʻuwai, a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻeha ke hoʻoulu i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā antibodies autoimmune.

Hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau immunosuppressive i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā maʻi autoimmune ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā pae antibody i ka manawa. E hōʻike mau i kāu kauka e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea hoʻohui āu e lawe nei, no ka mea, kōkua kēia ʻike iā lākou e wehewehe pololei i kāu mau hopena.

Q5. Pehea ka pinepine e hana hou ʻia ai ka hoʻāʻo ENA?

Aia ka pinepine o ka hana hou ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo ENA i kāu kūlana pilikino. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi autoimmune i ʻike ʻia, hiki i kāu kauka ke hoʻāʻo hou i kēlā me kēia manawa e nānā i ka hana maʻi a me ka pane ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, maʻamau i kēlā me kēia 6-12 mahina.

Inā he maikaʻi ʻole kāu hoʻāʻo mua akā ke hoʻomau nei ʻoe i nā hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i kahi maʻi autoimmune, hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo e hoʻāʻo hou i loko o 6-12 mahina. No ka poʻe me nā maʻi autoimmune paʻa a mālama maikaʻi ʻia, ʻaʻole lawa ka hoʻāʻo pinepine.