He aha ka Hemodialysis? Ke Kumu, ke Kaʻina Hana & nā Hōʻike

He lāʻau lapaʻau ka Hemodialysis e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kou koko ke hiki ʻole i kou mau puʻupaʻa ke hana pono. E noʻonoʻo e like me ka puʻupaʻa hana e kānana ana i nā huahana ʻōpala, ka wai nui, a me nā mea ʻawaʻawa mai kou kahe koko me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mīkini kūikawā a me ka kānana.

He mea pono kēia lāʻau lapaʻau e ola ai ke holomua ka maʻi puʻupaʻa maʻi i ka maʻi puʻupaʻa, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he maʻi renal hope loa. ʻOiai ʻo ka manaʻo o ka pili ʻana i kahi mīkini e manaʻo nui ai i ka wā mua, he mau miliona o nā kānaka ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e ola ana i nā ola piha a me ke ʻano me ka hemodialysis.

He aha ka hemodialysis?

He lāʻau lapaʻau pani puʻupaʻa ka Hemodialysis e hana i ka hana a kou mau puʻupaʻa e mālama maʻamau ai. E kahe ana kou koko ma nā paipu lahilahi i kahi mīkini dialysis, kahi e hele ai ma kahi kānana kūikawā i kapa ʻia he dialyzer.

Aia i loko o ka dialyzer nā tausani o nā pulupulu liʻiliʻi e hana e like me ka sieve. I ka wā e hele ai kou koko ma waena o kēia mau pulupulu, e hele ana nā huahana ʻōpala a me ka wai keu ma waena o ka membrane aʻo kou mau keena koko maʻemaʻe a me nā protein nui e noho ana i loko o kou kahe koko.

A laila, hoʻi ka koko i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i kou kino ma o kekahi paipu ʻē aʻe. He 3-5 mau hola ka lōʻihi o kēia kaʻina hana a hana ʻia ʻekolu manawa i ka pule ma kahi kikowaena dialysis a i kekahi manawa ma ka home.

No ke aha e hana ʻia ai ka hemodialysis?

He mea pono ka Hemodialysis ke nalowale kou mau puʻupaʻa ma kahi o 85-90% o kā lākou hana. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hiki i kou kino ke wehe pono i nā huahana ʻōpala, ka wai nui, a mālama i ke kaulike kūpono o nā kemika i loko o kou koko.

Me ka ʻole o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, e kūkulu ʻia nā mea ʻawaʻawa weliweli i loko o kāu ʻōnaehana, e hana ana i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi. E ʻōlelo kāu kauka i ka hemodialysis ke hāʻule ka hana o kou puʻupaʻa i kahi pae kahi e hiki ʻole ai i kou kino ke mālama i ke olakino maikaʻi iā ia iho.

ʻO nā maʻi maʻamau e alakaʻi ana i ka pono o ka hemodialysis, ʻo ia ka maʻi diabetes, ke koko kiʻekiʻe, ka maʻi puʻupaʻa polycystic, a me nā maʻi autoimmune e hōʻino ana i nā puʻupaʻa i ka wā.

He aha ke kaʻina hana no ka hemodialysis?

Hahai ka hana hemodialysis i kahi kaʻina hana akahele, i hana ʻia no kou palekana a me kou hōʻoluʻolu. Ma mua o kāu lapaʻau mua, pono ʻoe i kahi hana liʻiliʻi e hana i ke komo ʻana i nā moku, e hāʻawi ana i ka mīkini dialysis i kahi ala e hiki ai i kou kahe koko.

Eia ka mea e hana ʻia i kēlā me kēia kau dialysis:

1. Hoʻohui kāu hui dialysis iā ʻoe i ka mīkini me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāu komo ʻana i nā moku
2. E kahe ke koko mai kou kino ma nā paipu i ka dialyzer
3. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka dialyzer i ka ʻōpala, nā mea ʻawaʻawa, a me ka wai nui mai kou koko
4. Hoʻihoʻi ke koko maʻemaʻe i kou kino ma nā paipu ʻokoʻa
5. Hoʻomau ke kaʻina hana no 3-5 mau hola i kou wā e hoʻomaha ai, heluhelu ai, a nānā paha i ke TV

I loko o ka lapaʻau, nānā nā mīkini i kou koko, ka puʻuwai, a me ka nui o ka wai i lawe ʻia. Noho kokoke kāu hui dialysis e hōʻoia i ka holo pono ʻana o nā mea a pau a hoʻoponopono i nā hoʻonohonoho inā pono.

Pehea e hoʻomākaukau ai no kāu hemodialysis?

ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka hemodialysis e pili ana i ka mākaukau kino a me ka naʻau. E alakaʻi kāu hui mālama ola iā ʻoe ma kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu, akā ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka mea e manaʻo ai hiki ke kōkua i ka hōʻoluʻolu i kekahi hopohopo.

ʻO ka mea mua, pono ʻoe e hana i ke komo ʻana i nā moku, i hana ʻia ma mua o kekahi mau pule ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka dialysis. He fistula arteriovenous paha kēia, graft, a i ʻole catheter manawa e hiki ai ke kahe ke koko i loko a i waho o ka mīkini dialysis.

Ma mua o kēlā me kēia kau lapaʻau, aia kekahi mau mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e hoʻomākaukau ai:

• E lawe i kāu mau lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ke kauoha, ke ʻole e ʻōlelo ʻē kāu kauka
• E ʻai i ka ʻai māmā a i ʻole ka ʻai māmā ma mua o ka mālama ʻana e pale i ke kō koko haʻahaʻa
• E ʻaʻahu i nā lole ʻoluʻolu, ʻaʻole paʻa me nā lima e ʻōwili maʻalahi
• E lawe mai i nā mea leʻaleʻa e like me nā puke, nā papa, a i ʻole nā mele no ka hālāwai 3-5 hola
• E mālama i ka nui o ka wai āu e inu ai ma waena o nā lāʻau lapaʻau

E aʻo pū kāu hui dialysis iā ʻoe e pili ana i nā loli meaʻai e hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau. He mea mālie a kākoʻo kēia kaʻina hoʻonaʻauao, e hāʻawi ana iā ʻoe i ka manawa e hoʻoponopono ai.

Pehea e heluhelu ai i kāu hopena hemodialysis?

ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kāu hopena dialysis e kōkua iā ʻoe e nānā i ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. E wehewehe kāu hui mālama ola i kēia mau helu ma nā kikoʻī, akā eia nā ana nui a lākou e nānā ai.

ʻO ke ana nui loa i kapa ʻia ʻo Kt/V, e hōʻike ana i ka maikaʻi o ka dialysis e wehe ana i ka ʻōpala mai kou koko. ʻO ka Kt/V o 1.2 a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe e hōʻike ana i ka dialysis kūpono, ʻoiai paha he ʻokoʻa kāu pahuhopu ma muli o kāu pono pilikino.

ʻO nā ana nui ʻē aʻe e pili ana:

• URR (Urea Reduction Ratio): Pono e 65% a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe
• Ka helu wehe wai: Ehia ka nui o ka wai nui i wehe ʻia i ka wā o ka lāʻau lapaʻau
• Nā loli i ke koko: Nānā ʻia ma mua, i ka wā, a ma hope o ka lāʻau lapaʻau
• Nā waiwai lab: Me nā pae potassium, phosphorus, a me ka hemoglobin

Hoʻoponopono kāu hui dialysis i kēia mau hopena i kēlā me kēia manawa a hoʻoponopono i kāu hoʻolālā lapaʻau e like me ka mea e pono ai. Mai kānalua e nīnau i nā nīnau e pili ana i ke ʻano o kēia mau helu no kou olakino a me kou maikaʻi.

Pehea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau hemodialysis?

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pōmaikaʻi nui mai ka hemodialysis e pili ana i ka hana pili ʻana me kāu hui mālama ola a me ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau hoʻoponopono ola. ʻO ka lono maikaʻi, hiki i nā loli liʻiliʻi ke hana i kahi ʻokoʻa nui i kou manaʻo.

ʻO ka hahai ʻana i kāu ʻai i kauoha ʻia kekahi o nā mea nui loa e hiki iā ʻoe ke hana. ʻO ia hoʻi ka palena ʻana i ka sodium, potassium, phosphorus, a me ka wai i waena o nā lapaʻau. E kōkua kāu meaʻai iā ʻoe e hana i nā hoʻolālā ʻai e hānai a leʻaleʻa.

He mea nui nō hoʻi ka lawe ʻana i kāu mau lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ke kauoha. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke komo i nā mea paʻa phosphate, nā lāʻau lapaʻau koko, a i ʻole nā lapaʻau no ka anemia. He hana kūikawā ko kēlā me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i ka mālama ʻana iā ʻoe i ke olakino.

He mea nui ka hele mau ʻana i nā kau dialysis. ʻO ka nalo ʻana i nā lapaʻau a i ʻole ka ʻoki ʻana iā lākou i ka pōkole hiki ke alakaʻi i nā hōʻiliʻili weliweli o nā mea ʻawaʻawa a me ka wai i loko o kou kino. Inā pilikia ʻoe me ka papa manawa, e kamaʻilio me kāu hui e pili ana i nā hoʻonā hiki.

He aha nā mea pilikia no ka pono o ka hemodialysis?

Nui nā kūlana a me nā mea e hiki ke hoʻonui i kou pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi kīkī e koi ana i ka hemodialysis. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau mea pilikia hiki ke kōkua i ka ʻike mua a me ka pale ʻana i ka wā e hiki ai.

ʻO ka maʻi diabetes ke kumu nui o ka maʻi kīkī ma nā ʻāina he nui. Hiki i nā pae kō koko kiʻekiʻe i ka manawa ke hōʻino i nā kīʻaha koko liʻiliʻi i loko o kou mau kīkī, e hōʻemi mālie ana i ko lākou hiki ke kānana i ka ʻōpala.

ʻO nā mea pilikia maʻamau e komo pū ana:

• Diabetes (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka mālama ʻia)
• Ke koko kiʻekiʻe e hōʻino ai i nā kīʻaha koko kīkī
• ʻO ka mōʻaukala ʻohana o ka maʻi kīkī
• ʻO ka makahiki ma luna o 60, e like me ka hana kīkī e emi maoli ana
• Maʻi cardiovascular
• Momona
• Puhi paka

ʻO nā mea pilikia liʻiliʻi akā he mea nui e komo pū ana i nā maʻi autoimmune e like me ka lupus, polycystic kidney disease, a me kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ke hōʻino i nā kīkī i ka manawa. Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke loaʻa i nā kūlana genetic e pili ana i ka hana kīkī.

He aha nā pilikia hiki ke loaʻa o ka hemodialysis?

ʻOiai he palekana a maikaʻi ka hemodialysis, e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, hiki i kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao a me nā pilikia. Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka hapa nui o kēia mau mea me ka mālama kūpono a me ka nānā ʻana.

ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau e hana ʻia i ka wā a i ʻole ma hope koke o ka mālama ʻana a maʻa mau e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wā e hoʻoponopono ai kou kino. Aia kēia mau mea i nā ʻehaʻeha o nā ʻiʻo, ka wili, ka nausea, a me ka luhi i ka wā e hoʻoponopono ai kou kino i nā loli wai a me nā mea kemika.

ʻO nā pilikia koʻikoʻi akā ʻaʻole maʻamau e komo pū ana:

• Ke koko haʻahaʻa i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana
• Maʻi ma ke kahua komo
• Nā koko koko i ke komo
• Nā puʻuwai puʻuwai ʻole
• Air embolism (ʻaʻole maʻamau)

Hiki i nā pilikia e pili ana i ke komo ʻana ke koi i nā kaʻina hana hou e mālama a pani paha i kāu komo vascular. Nānā kāu hui dialysis i kēia mau pilikia a hana i nā hana e pale aku iā lākou i ka wā hiki.

Hiki i nā pilikia lōʻihi ke komo i ka maʻi iwi, anemia, a me nā pilikia cardiovascular. Eia naʻe, me ka mālama kūpono a me ka mālama ʻana i ke ola, nui ka poʻe e hōʻemi i kēia mau pilikia a mālama i ke ola maikaʻi.

I ka manawa hea wau e ʻike ai i ke kauka e pili ana i ka hemodialysis?

Inā ʻoe e hana nei i ka hemodialysis, pono ʻoe e hoʻokaʻaʻike i kāu hui mālama ola kino inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi mau hōʻailona hōʻailona. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke hōʻike i nā pilikia e pono ai ka nānā koke.

E kelepona koke i kāu kikowaena dialysis a i ʻole ke kauka inā ʻike ʻoe i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ma kāu kahua komo, e like me ka ʻulaʻula, ka mahana, ka pehu, a i ʻole ka hoʻokahe. Pono ka fiva, nā anu, a i ʻole ka manaʻo ʻino ʻole e koi i ka nānā ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻO nā kūlana ʻē aʻe e koi ai i ka mālama wikiwiki e komo pū ana:

• ʻO ka hanu ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻeha o ka umauma
• Ke kahe nui ʻana mai kāu kahua komo
• Nā hōʻailona o nā koko koko, e like me ka pehu ʻana i kou lima a i ʻole ka wāwae
• Nausea nui, ka luaʻi ʻana, a i ʻole ka hiki ʻole ke mālama i nā wai
• Nā loli i kāu kahua komo, e like me ka nalowale o ka manaʻo haʻalulu

No ka poʻe i hala ʻole i ka dialysis, e kūkākūkā i ka hiki me kāu kauka puʻupaʻa inā ʻoe e ʻike nei i nā hōʻailona e like me ka luhi mau, ka pehu, nā loli i ka mimi, a i ʻole ka nausea. ʻO ka hoʻolālā mua ʻana no ka dialysis, inā pono, e alakaʻi i nā hopena maikaʻi.

Nā nīnau i nīnau pinepine ʻia e pili ana i ka hemodialysis

Q.1 He ʻeha anei ka hemodialysis?

ʻAʻole ʻeha ka hemodialysis iā ia iho, akā e ʻike paha ʻoe i kekahi ʻoluʻolu ke hoʻokomo ʻia nā nila i loko o kāu pūnaewele komo. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe e wehewehe i kēia e like me ke kiʻi ʻana i ke koko a i ʻole ke kiʻi ʻana i kahi IV.

I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻiʻo ʻiʻo a i ʻole e ʻoluʻolu i ka luhi i ka wā e hoʻoponopono ai kou kino i nā loli wai. Hoʻomaikaʻi maʻamau kēia mau manaʻo i ka wā e maʻa ai ʻoe i ke kaʻina hana a hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia kāu mālama ʻana.

Q.2 Pehea ka lōʻihi e hiki ai i kekahi ke ola ma ka hemodialysis?

Nui ka poʻe e ola no nā makahiki a i ʻole nā ​​makahiki he nui ma ka hemodialysis, ma muli o ko lākou olakino holoʻokoʻa, ka makahiki, a me ka maikaʻi o lākou e hahai i kā lākou hoʻolālā lapaʻau. Ola kekahi poʻe maʻi he 20 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha me ka dialysis.

Aia kou ola i nā mea he nui, me kou mau maʻi olakino ma lalo, pehea ʻoe e mālama ai i kāu ʻai a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a inā he moho ʻoe no ke transplant puʻupaʻa.

Q.3 Hiki iaʻu ke hele i ka wā ma ka hemodialysis?

ʻAe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hele i ka wā ma ka hemodialysis me ka hoʻolālā kūpono. Nui nā kikowaena dialysis i nā pūnaewele e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka mālama ʻana ma nā wahi like ʻole, me nā wahi hoʻomaha.

Pono ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho i ka mālama ʻana ma kāu huakaʻi ma mua a hoʻonohonoho me kāu hui dialysis home. Aʻo kekahi poʻe e hana i ka dialysis home, hiki ke hāʻawi i ka maʻalahi no ka huakaʻi.

Q.400 Hiki iaʻu ke hana i ka wā ma ka hemodialysis?

Nui ka poʻe e hoʻomau i ka hana i ka wā ma ka hemodialysis, ʻoiai inā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonohonoho i nā papa hana maʻalahi. Hāʻawi kekahi mau kikowaena dialysis i nā kau ahiahi a i ʻole kakahiaka nui e hoʻokō i nā papa hana hana.

Ke hilinaʻi nei kou hiki ke hana i kāu mau koi hana, pehea kou manaʻo i ka wā a ma hope o nā lapaʻau, a me kou olakino holoʻokoʻa. Hana kekahi poʻe i ka manawa piha, aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e pono paha e hōʻemi i kā lākou mau hola a i ʻole e hoʻololi i kā lākou ʻano hana.

Q.5 He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka hemodialysis a me ka peritoneal dialysis?

Hoʻohana ka hemodialysis i kahi mīkini e kānana i kou koko ma waho o kou kino, aʻo ka peritoneal dialysis e hoʻohana i ka uhi o kou ʻōpū (peritoneum) ma ke ʻano he kānana maoli i loko o kou kino.

Hana ʻia ka hemodialysis i ʻekolu manawa i ka pule ma kahi kikowaena, aʻo ka peritoneal dialysis e hana maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā ma ka home. E kōkua kāu kauka puʻupaʻa iā ʻoe e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no kou ʻano ola a me nā pono olakino.