He aha ka Pap Smear? Ke Kumu, ke Kaʻina Hana & nā Hōʻike

He hoʻokolohua nānā maʻalahi ka Pap smear e nānā ana i nā loli i nā pūnaewele o kou ʻāʻī. ʻO kou ʻāʻī ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o kou ʻōpū e wehe ana i loko o kou ʻōpū. Kōkua kēia hoʻokolohua i nā kauka e ʻike i nā loli pūnaewele i ka wā mua, ma mua o ka lilo ʻana i maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī.

E noʻonoʻo iā ia he ala mālie e mālama ai i kou olakino ʻāʻī. He mau minuke wale nō ka hoʻokolohua a hiki ke hopu i nā pilikia ke maʻalahi lākou e mālama. Pono ka hapa nui o nā wahine i kēia hoʻokolohua maʻamau ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o kā lākou mālama olakino maʻamau.

He aha ka Pap smear?

ʻO ka Pap smear e hōʻiliʻili i nā pūnaewele mai kou ʻāʻī e nānā i nā loli ʻokoʻa ma lalo o ka microscope. I ka wā o ka hoʻokolohua, e ʻoki mālie kāu kauka i kahi laʻana liʻiliʻi o nā pūnaewele mai ka ʻili o kou ʻāʻī me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pulupulu palupalu a i ʻole spatula.

A laila, hoʻouna ʻia kēia mau pūnaewele i kahi lab kahi e nānā ai nā loea iā lākou no nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, ka mumū, a i ʻole nā loli ʻokoʻa. Ua kapa ʻia ka hoʻokolohua ma hope o Dr. George Papanicolaou, nāna i hoʻomohala i kēia ʻano hana nānā i nā makahiki 1940.

ʻO ka nani o kēia hoʻokolohua, hiki iā ia ke ʻike i nā pilikia i nā makahiki ma mua o ka lilo ʻana i mea koʻikoʻi. Hoʻololi mālie nā pūnaewele o kou ʻāʻī i ka manawa, a hopu ka Pap smear i kēia mau loli ke ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana.

No ke aha e hana ʻia ai ka Pap smear?

ʻO ke kumu nui o ka Pap smear e nānā i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī a me nā loli ma mua o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i kou ʻāʻī. Ua hoʻemi nui kēia hoʻokolohua i nā make mai ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī mai ka wā i hoʻohana nui ʻia ai.

Hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo aku i kahi Pap smear no kekahi mau kumu nui. E hele wau iā ʻoe ma nā mea maʻamau:

• Nānā maʻamau e hopu i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī i ka wā mua
• Ke nānā ʻana i nā loli pūnaewele ʻokoʻa i loaʻa i nā hoʻokolohua mua
• Ke nānā ʻana i ka maʻi human papillomavirus (HPV).
• Ke loiloi ʻana i ke kahe ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana
• Ke hahai ʻana ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i nā pūnaewele ʻokoʻa

Manaʻo ka hapa nui o nā alakaʻi e hoʻomaka i nā Pap smears i ka makahiki 21 a e hoʻomau i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu makahiki inā maʻamau nā hopena. Ma hope o ka makahiki 30, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i ka hoʻāʻo i kēlā me kēia ʻelima makahiki inā hui pū ʻia me ka hoʻāʻo HPV.

He aha ke kaʻina hana no ka Pap smear?

He maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana Pap smear a maʻa mau i kahi 10 a 20 mau minuke mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana a i ka pau ʻana. E moe ʻoe ma luna o kahi papa hoʻokolokolo me kou mau wāwae i loko o nā mea hoʻoulu, e like me ka hoʻokolokolo pelvic maʻamau.

E hoʻokomo mālie kāu kauka i kahi speculum i loko o kou ʻōpū e paʻa ai nā paia i kahi kaʻawale i hiki iā lākou ke ʻike maopopo i kou ʻāʻī. Hiki i ka speculum ke ʻoluʻolu iki, akā ʻaʻole pono e ʻeha.

Eia ka mea e hana ʻia i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana hōʻiliʻili cell:

1. Hoʻomaopopo kāu kauka i kou ʻāʻī me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka speculum
2. E palaki mālie a i ʻole e ʻoki i nā cell mai ka ʻili o ka ʻāʻī
3. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā cell i kahi slide aniani a i ʻole i loko o kahi wai wai
4. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka laʻana a hoʻouna ʻia i kahi hale hana
5. Wehe ʻia ka speculum a ua pau ka hoʻokolokolo

He mau kekona wale nō ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā cell. Hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻo i ke kaomi iki a i ʻole kahi ʻeha pōkole, akā ʻike ka hapa nui o nā wahine he mea hiki ke ʻae ʻia.

Pehea e hoʻomākaukau ai no kāu Pap smear?

He maʻalahi ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no kāu Pap smear, akā hiki i ka manawa a me kekahi mau ʻanuʻu liʻiliʻi ke kōkua i ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā hopena pololei. ʻO ka manawa maikaʻi loa e hoʻonohonoho ai i kāu hoʻāʻo ma kahi o 10 a 20 mau lā ma hope o ka lā mua o kāu wā hope.

Eia kekahi mau ʻanuʻu hoʻomākaukau mālie e hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e loaʻa nā hopena hilinaʻi loa:

• E pale i ka moekolohe no 24 mau hola ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo
• Mai hoʻohana i nā tampons, nā ʻaila vaginal, a i ʻole nā ​​douches no 24 mau hola ma mua
• E hoʻonohonoho i ka wā ʻaʻole ʻoe e menstruating inā hiki
• E ʻaʻahu i nā lole ʻoluʻolu, maʻalahi ke wehe
• E lawe i kahi mea hoʻomaha ʻeha ma luna o ka counter inā hopohopo ʻoe e pili ana i ka ʻoluʻolu

Inā hopohopo ʻoe e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana, he mea maʻamau loa ia. E noʻonoʻo e lawe mai i kahi hoaaloha no ke kākoʻo a i ʻole e noi i kāu kauka e wehewehe i kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu i ko lākou hele ʻana.

Pehea e heluhelu ai i kāu hopena Pap smear?

E loaʻa ana kāu hopena Pap smear i loko o kekahi mau lā a i hoʻokahi pule ma hope o kāu hoʻokolohua. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau hopena e kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike i nā ʻanuʻu, inā he, pono paha ʻoe e hana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

ʻO nā hopena maʻamau ke ʻano he olakino nā cell cervical a ʻaʻole pono e hana hou a hiki i kāu screening i hoʻonohonoho ʻia. ʻO kēia ka hopena no ka hapa nui o nā wahine i loaʻa nā Pap smears.

ʻAʻole pono nā hopena maʻamau ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi kanesa. Eia ka mea e hōʻike ai nā ʻike like ʻole:

• Nā cell squamous atypical o ka mea nui ʻole (ASCUS) - nā loli cell liʻiliʻi e hoʻoponopono iā lākou iho
• Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) - nā loli cell maʻalahi i hana pinepine ʻia e HPV
• High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) - nā loli nui e pono ai ka mālama ʻana
• Nā cell glandular atypical - nā cell maʻamau mai ka hohonu o ka cervix
• Squamous cell carcinoma a i ʻole adenocarcinoma - nā cell maʻi e koi ana i ka mālama koke

E wehewehe kāu kauka i kāu mau hopena kikoʻī a paipai i ka mālama ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hopena maʻamau e alakaʻi i ka hoʻāʻo hou ʻana ma mua o ka mālama koke ʻana.

Pehea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kou olakino cervical?

ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomalu i nā mea a pau e pili ana i ke olakino cervical, hiki i kekahi mau koho ola ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i kou pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pilikia cervical.

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau HPV kekahi o nā ala maikaʻi loa e pale ai i ka maʻi kanesa cervical. Pale kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i nā ʻano HPV e hana ai i ka hapa nui o nā maʻi kanesa cervical.

Eia nā ʻanuʻu kūpono e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hana e kākoʻo i kāu cervically:

• E kiʻi i nā Pap smears maʻamau e like me ka ʻōlelo a kāu kauka
• E loaʻa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau HPV inā kūpono ʻoe
• E hana i ka moekolohe palekana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā condoms
• E kaupalena i kāu helu o nā hoa moekolohe
• Mai puhi a i ʻole e haʻalele inā e puhi nei ʻoe
• E mālama i kahi ʻōnaehana pale maʻi olakino ma o ka meaʻai maikaʻi a me ka hoʻoikaika kino

E hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o nā screenings maʻamau ka mea nui loa e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hana. ʻO ka ʻike mua ʻana e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka holomua o ka mālama ʻana.

He aha nā mea pilikia no nā Pap smears maʻamau ʻole?

Hiki i kekahi mau mea ke hoʻonui i kou hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena Pap smear maʻamau ʻole. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau mea pilikia e kōkua iā ʻoe a me kāu kauka e hoʻoholo i ka papa hana screening maikaʻi loa no ʻoe.

ʻO ka mea pilikia nui loa ka maʻi me nā ʻano pilikia kiʻekiʻe o ka human papillomavirus (HPV). ʻO kēia maʻi i hoʻouna ʻia e ka moekolohe e hoʻoulu ai i ka hapa nui o nā maʻi maʻi cervical.

Nui nā mea ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻonui i kou pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā loli cell cervical:

• Loaʻa nā hoa moekolohe he nui a i ʻole he hoa me nā hoa he nui
• Hoʻomaka i ka hana moekolohe i ka wā ʻōpio
• Loaʻa kahi ʻōnaehana pale maʻi nāwaliwali
• Puhi i nā paka
• Loaʻa ka mōʻaukala o nā maʻi i hoʻouna ʻia e ka moekolohe
• Hoʻohana lōʻihi i nā pila mana hānau
• Ua hānau i ʻekolu a ʻoi aku paha nā keiki
• Ua hōʻike ʻia i ka DES (diethylstilbestrol) ma mua o ka hānau ʻana

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau mea pilikia ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo e loaʻa ana iā ʻoe nā pilikia cervical. Nui nā wahine me nā mea pilikia ʻaʻole loaʻa nā hopena maʻamau ʻole, ʻoiai kekahi mau wahine me ka ʻike ʻole i nā mea pilikia.

He aha nā pilikia hiki ke loaʻa i nā Pap smears maʻamau ʻole?

ʻAʻole alakaʻi ka hapa nui o nā hopena Pap smear maʻamau ʻole i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi, ʻoiai ke hopu ʻia i ka wā mua ma o ka screening maʻamau. Eia naʻe, hiki i nā cell maʻamau ʻole i mālama ʻole ʻia ke holomua i kekahi manawa i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi.

ʻO ka hopohopo nui me nā hopena maʻamau ʻole, ʻo ia paha e ulu ana nā loli precancerous i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī. He mau makahiki ka lōʻihi o kēia kaʻina hana, ʻo ia ke kumu e maikaʻi ai ka nānā mau ʻana.

ʻO nā pilikia e hiki mai ana o nā pūnaewele ʻāʻī maʻamau ʻole i mālama ʻole ʻia, e komo pū ana:

• Ka holomua ʻana mai nā loli cell māmā a i ke koʻikoʻi
• Ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī
• Pono no nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau nui aʻe
• Ka hopena i ka momona i nā hihia kakaikahi
• Ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā ʻiʻo kokoke inā ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia

ʻO ka nūhou maikaʻi, ʻo ia ka mea e pale nui ʻia ai kēia mau pilikia me ka nānā mau ʻana a me ka mālama kūpono. Hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻia ka hapa nui o nā hopena maʻamau ʻole me nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻalahi.

I ka manawa hea wau e ʻike ai i ke kauka no nā hopohopo Pap smear?

Pono ʻoe e hoʻokaʻaʻike i kāu kauka inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona maʻamau ʻole ma waena o kāu mau Pap smears maʻamau a i ʻole inā he hopohopo kāu e pili ana i kāu mau hopena.

ʻOiai ʻaʻole e hōʻike ka hapa nui o nā loli cervical i nā hōʻailona, ​​he mea nui e hoʻolohe i kou kino a hōʻike i nā loli i kāu mea mālama ola.

E hoʻokaʻaʻike i kāu kauka inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona:

• Ke kahe ʻana o ka ʻōpū maʻamau ʻole ma waena o nā manawa
• Ke kahe ʻana ma hope o ka moekolohe
• He ʻōpū maʻamau ʻole me ka ʻala ikaika
• ʻEha pelvic ʻaʻole i pili i kāu pōʻai menstrual
• Ke kahe ʻana ma hope o ka menopause
• ʻEha i ka wā moekolohe

E kiʻi pū i kāu kauka inā ua hala ʻoe i kāu Pap smear i hoʻonohonoho ʻia a i ʻole he nīnau kāu e pili ana i kāu mau hopena. Hiki iā lākou ke kōkua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka manawa maikaʻi loa no kāu nānā ʻana e hiki mai ana.

Nā nīnau i nīnau pinepine ʻia e pili ana i nā Pap smears

Q1: He maikaʻi anei ka hoʻāʻo Pap smear no ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ovarian?

ʻAʻole i hoʻolālā ʻia ka Pap smear e ʻike i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ovarian. Nānā pono kēia hoʻāʻo i nā pūnaewele cervical a he mea maikaʻi loa ia no ka nānā ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻāʻī a me nā loli precancerous.

Pono ka maʻi maʻi ovarian i nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole e like me nā hoʻokolohua pelvic, ultrasounds, a i ʻole nā hoʻokolohua koko e ana ana i nā hōʻailona tumora e like me CA-125. Inā he hopohopo kāu e pili ana i ka maʻi maʻi ovarian, e kūkākūkā i nā koho screening kikoʻī me kāu kauka.

Q2: ʻO ka Pap smear abnormal ke manaʻo mau nei he maʻi maʻi koʻu?

ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole ʻo ka Pap smear abnormal ke manaʻo nei he maʻi maʻi kou. Hōʻike ka hapa nui o nā hopena abnormal i nā loli liʻiliʻi o ke kelepona e hoʻoponopono pinepine iā lākou iho a i ʻole me ka mālama maʻalahi.

Hōʻike pinepine nā hopena abnormal i ka mumū, ka maʻi, a i ʻole nā loli precancerous e pono ai ka nānā ʻana a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana. Loaʻa nā cell maʻi maoli i kahi pākēneka liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā Pap smears abnormal.

Q3: Ehia mau manawa e loaʻa ai iaʻu kahi Pap smear?

Pono ka hapa nui o nā wahine e hoʻomaka i nā Pap smears i ka makahiki 21 a hoʻomau i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu makahiki a hiki i ka makahiki 29 inā maʻamau nā hopena. Mai nā makahiki 30 a 65, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kahi Pap smear i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu makahiki a i ʻole i kēlā me kēia ʻelima makahiki inā hui pū ʻia me ka hoʻāʻo HPV.

Hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo aku i ka hoʻāʻo pinepine ʻana inā he mau mea pilikia kāu a i ʻole ka mōʻaukala o nā hopena abnormal. Hiki i nā wahine ma luna o 65 i loaʻa i nā screenings maʻamau maʻamau ke hiki ke hooki i ka hoʻāʻo.

Q4: Hiki iaʻu ke loaʻa kahi Pap smear i ka wā e hāpai ana?

ʻAe, palekana nā Pap smears i ka wā e hāpai ana, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka trimester mua a me ka lua. ʻAʻole e hōʻeha ka hoʻāʻo i kāu pēpē a hāʻawi i ka ʻike olakino koʻikoʻi.

Hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻoluʻolu i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, a hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi ma hope o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kahe koko i ka wā e hāpai ana. He mea maʻamau kēia a ʻaʻole ia he kumu e hopohopo ai.

Q5: E hōʻeha anei kahi Pap smear?

ʻIke ka hapa nui o nā wahine i nā Pap smears ʻoluʻolu ma mua o ka ʻeha. Hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻo i ke kaomi ke hoʻokomo ʻia ka speculum a me ka manaʻo cramping pōkole i ka wā o ka hōʻiliʻili cell.

He maʻalahi ka ʻoluʻolu a he mau kekona wale nō ka lōʻihi. Hiki i ka hanu hohonu a me ka hoʻomaha ʻana i kou mau ʻiʻo ke kōkua. Inā hopohopo nui ʻoe, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i nā ala e ʻoluʻolu ai ka ʻike.