Optic Neuritis

Optic neuritis na-eme mgbe mbufụt (ịgbawa) na-emebi akwara optic - otu ìgwè akwara na-ebufe ozi onyinyo site n'anya gị gaa n'ụbụrụ gị. Ihe mgbaàmà optic neuritis gụnyere mgbu mgbe ị na-akpụ akpụ anya na ịhụ ihe na-adịghị mma ruo oge ụfọdụ n'anya otu.

Optic neuritis na-emetụtakarị otu anya. Ihe ịrịba ama nwere ike ịgụnye:

• Mgbu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-etolite optic neuritis nwere mgbu anya nke na-aka njọ site na mmegharị anya. Mgbe ụfọdụ, mgbu ahụ na-adị ka ihe mgbu dị nro n'azụ anya.
• Ịhụ ihe ọjọọ n'otu anya. Ọtụtụ ndị na-enwe obere mbelata na-ahụ anya, mana ọkwa nke ịdaba dị iche iche. Ịhụ ihe ọjọọ na-apụta ìhè na-emekarị n'ime awa ole na ole ma ọ bụ ụbọchị ma na-agbake n'ime ọtụtụ izu ruo ọnwa. Ịhụ ihe ọjọọ na-adịgide adịgide na ụfọdụ ndị.
• Ịhụ ihe ọjọọ na mpaghara anya. Ịhụ ihe ọjọọ n'akụkụ nwere ike ime n'ụdị ọ bụla, dị ka ịhụ ihe ọjọọ n'etiti ma ọ bụ ịhụ ihe ọjọọ n'akụkụ.
• Ịhụ ihe ọjọọ nke agba. Optic neuritis na-emetụtakarị nghọta agba. Ị nwere ike ịhụ na agba na-adịghị mma karịa ka ọ dị na mbụ.
• Ịhụ ìhè na-egbuke egbuke. Ụfọdụ ndị nwere optic neuritis na-akọ na ha na-ahụ ìhè na-egbuke egbuke ma ọ bụ na-egbuke egbuke mgbe ha na-emegharị anya.

Ọrịa anya nwere ike ịka njọ. Ụfọdụ nwere ike ibute ịta ahụhụ anya ruo mgbe ebighị ebi, na ụfọdụ na-ejikọta ya na nsogbu ahụike ndị ọzọ dị egwu. Kpọtụrụ dọkịta gị ma ọ bụrụ na:

• Ị na-enweta ihe ịrịba ama ọhụrụ, dị ka mgbu anya ma ọ bụ mgbanwe na anya gị.
• Ihe ịrịba ama gị na-akawanye njọ ma ọ bụ na-agwọ ọrịa.
• Ị nwere ihe ịrịba ama na-adịghị mma, gụnyere ịta ahụhụ anya n'anya abụọ, anya abụọ, na ụkwụ ma ọ bụ ike ọgwụgwụ n'otu ma ọ bụ karịa otu akụkụ ahụ, nke nwere ike ịpụta nsogbu ọrịa akwara.

A na-amaghị ihe kpatara ọrịa optic neuritis. A kwenyere na ọ na-etolite mgbe usoro ọgwụ mgbochi ahụ na-emehie ihe na-emetụta ihe na-ekpuchi akwara anya gị, na-eme ka ọkụkụ na mmebi myelin.

N'ọnọdụ nkịtị, myelin na-enyere ndị eletriki aka ịga ngwa ngwa site n'anya gaa n'ụbụrụ, ebe a na-agbanwe ha ka ha bụrụ ozi onyinyo. Optic neuritis na-emebi usoro a, na-emetụta anya.

Ndị a bụ ọnọdụ autoimmune ndị na-ejikarị optic neuritis:

• Multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis bụ ọrịa nke usoro ọgwụ mgbochi gị na-emetụta myelin sheath na-ekpuchi akwara na ụbụrụ gị. N'ime ndị nwere optic neuritis, ihe egwu nke ịzụlite multiple sclerosis mgbe otu ihe merenụ nke optic neuritis bụ ihe dị ka 50% n'ime ndụ.

  Ihe egwu gị nke ịzụlite multiple sclerosis mgbe optic neuritis gasịrị na-abawanye ma ọ bụrụ na nyocha Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) na-egosi lesions na ụbụrụ gị.

• Neuromyelitis optica. N'ọnọdụ a, ọkụkụ na-emetụta akwara anya na spinal cord. Neuromyelitis optica yiri multiple sclerosis, mana neuromyelitis optica adịghị emebi akwara na ụbụrụ dị ka multiple sclerosis na-eme. Ka o sina dị, neuromyelitis optica na-akawanye njọ karịa MS, na-emekarị ka ọ dịghị mma mgbe mwakpo gasịrị ma e jiri ya tụnyere MS.

• Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody disorder. Ọnọdụ a nwere ike ime ka ọkụkụ na-eme na akwara anya, spinal cord ma ọ bụ ụbụrụ. Yiri MS na neuromyelitis optica, mwakpo ọkụkụ na-eme ugboro ugboro nwere ike ime. Ịgwọ ọrịa site na mwakpo myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) na-akarị mma karịa ịgwọ ọrịa site na neuromyelitis optica.

Mgbe ihe ịrịba ama nke optic neuritis siri ike, ọ dị mkpa ịtụle ihe ndị ọzọ na-akpata ya, gụnyere:

• Infections. Nnwale nje bacteria, gụnyere ọrịa Lyme, ọrịa cat-scratch na syphilis, ma ọ bụ nje virus, dị ka measles, mumps na herpes, nwere ike ibute optic neuritis.
• Ọrịa ndị ọzọ. Ọrịa ndị dị ka sarcoidosis, ọrịa Behcet na lupus nwere ike ibute optic neuritis na-eme ugboro ugboro.
• Ọgwụ na ihe ọjọọ. Ụfọdụ ọgwụ na ihe ọjọọ ejikọrọ ha na mmepe nke optic neuritis. Ethambutol, nke a na-eji agwọ ọrịa tuberculosis, na methanol, ihe dị na antifreeze, paints na solvents, ejikọrọ ha na optic neuritis.

Ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dịrị mmadụ mfe ịta ọrịa optic neuritis gụnyere:\n\n* Afọ. Optic neuritis na-adịkarị ndị toro eto dị afọ 20 ruo 40.\n* Ụdị nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị. Ọ na-adịkarị ụmụ nwanyị ịta ọrịa optic neuritis karịa ụmụ nwoke.\n* Agbacha. Optic neuritis na-adịkarị ndị ọcha.\n* **Ngbanwe na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme 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na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme na-eme 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Nsogbu ndị pụtara site na optic neuritis nwere ike ịgụnye:

• Mmerụ ahụ na akwara optic. Ọtụtụ ndị nwere mmerụ ahụ na-adịgide adịgide na akwara optic mgbe ọrịa optic neuritis gasịrị, mana mmerụ ahụ ahụ nwere ike ọ gaghị akpata nsogbu na-adịgide adịgide.
• Ịbelata ikike ịhụ ihe. Ọtụtụ ndị na-enweta ọhụụ nkịtị ma ọ bụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọhụụ nkịtị n'ime ọnwa ole na ole, mana ụfọdụ n'ime ha nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe nsogbu ịmata agba. Maka ụfọdụ ndị, ịta ahụhụ na-adịgide adịgide.
• Mmetụta ọjọọ nke ọgwụgwọ. Ọgwụ steroid eji agwọ optic neuritis na-ebelata ike ọgụgụ isi gị, nke na-eme ka ahụ gị na-adị mfe ịta ọrịa. Mmetụta ọjọọ ndị ọzọ gụnyere mgbanwe n'ọnọdụ uche na ibu ibu.

Ị ga-ahụ dọkịta anya maka nchoputa, nke bụkarị mgbe ịchọpụtara akụkọ ahụike gị na nyocha. Dọkịta anya ahụ ga-eme ule anya ndị a:

Ule ndị ọzọ maka ịchọpụta ọrịa optic neuritis nwere ike ịgụnye:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI na-eji igwe magnet na ihe ndị na-eme ka ọkụ eletrik na-eme foto nke ahụ gị. Mgbe ị na-eme MRI iji lelee optic neuritis, ị nwere ike ịnata ọgwụgwọ nke ihe na-eme ka ọbara gị dị ọcha iji mee ka akwara anya na akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke uche gị pụta ìhè na foto ndị ahụ.

MRI dị mkpa iji chọpụta ma e nwere mmerụ ahụ (lesions) na uche gị. Lesions ndị dị otú ahụ na-egosi ihe egwu dị elu nke ị ga-etolite ọrịa multiple sclerosis. MRI nwekwara ike iwepụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ka anya gị daa, dị ka ọrịa kansa.

Dọkịta gị ga-ajụ gị ka ị lọghachi maka nyocha ndị ọzọ n'ime izu abụọ ruo anọ mgbe akara aka gị malitere iji kwado nchoputa nke optic neuritis.

• Nyocha anya kwa ụbọchị. Dọkịta anya gị ga-elele anya gị na ikike gị ịhụ agba na ịkọwa anya gị (peripheral) anya.

• Ophthalmoscopy. N'oge nyocha a, dọkịta gị ga-eji ọkụ na-egbuke egbuke na anya gị ma nyochaa ihe ndị dị na azụ anya gị. Ule anya a na-enyocha optic disk, ebe akwara anya na-abanye na retina na anya gị. Optic disk na-agba ọkụ na ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị nwere optic neuritis.

• Ule mmeghachi omume ọkụ pupillary. Dọkịta gị nwere ike ibugharị ọkụ eletrik n'ihu anya gị iji hụ otú ụmụ akwụkwọ gị si eme mgbe ha na-ahụ ọkụ na-egbuke egbuke. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere optic neuritis, ụmụ akwụkwọ gị agaghị adị ntakịrị dị ka ụmụ akwụkwọ dị na anya ndị dị mma mgbe ha hụrụ ọkụ.

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI na-eji igwe magnet na ihe ndị na-eme ka ọkụ eletrik na-eme foto nke ahụ gị. Mgbe ị na-eme MRI iji lelee optic neuritis, ị nwere ike ịnata ọgwụgwọ nke ihe na-eme ka ọbara gị dị ọcha iji mee ka akwara anya na akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke uche gị pụta ìhè na foto ndị ahụ.

  MRI dị mkpa iji chọpụta ma e nwere mmerụ ahụ (lesions) na uche gị. Lesions ndị dị otú ahụ na-egosi ihe egwu dị elu nke ị ga-etolite ọrịa multiple sclerosis. MRI nwekwara ike iwepụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ka anya gị daa, dị ka ọrịa kansa.

• Ule ọbara. E nwere ule ọbara iji lelee ọrịa ma ọ bụ antibodies pụrụ iche. Neuromyelitis optica jikọtara ya na antibody na-akpata optic neuritis siri ike. Ndị nwere optic neuritis siri ike nwere ike ime ule a iji chọpụta ma ha nwere ike ịmepụta neuromyelitis optica. Maka ọnọdụ optic neuritis na-adịghị mma, a nwekwara ike ịnwale ọbara maka MOG antibodies.

• Optical coherence tomography (OCT). Ule a na-akọwa oke nke akwara anya nke retina, nke na-adịkarị ntakịrị site na optic neuritis.

• Ule ubi anya. Ule a na-akọwa anya mgbụkọta nke anya ọ bụla iji chọpụta ma enwere mfu anya ọ bụla. Optic neuritis nwere ike imepụta usoro ọ bụla nke mfu ubi anya.

• Mmeghachi omume anya na-akpali akpali. N'oge ule a, ị ga-anọ n'ihu ihuenyo ebe a na-egosi usoro checkerboard na-agbanwe agbanwe. A na-etinye waya na ntị gị na obere akwa iji dekọọ azịza uche gị na ihe ị na-ahụ na ihuenyo. Ụdị ule a na-agwa dọkịta gị ma ọ bụrụ na ihe ngosi eletrik na uche gị na-adị ngwa ngwa karịa ka ọ dị na mbụ n'ihi mmerụ akwara anya.

Optic neuritis na-agwọkarị onwe ya. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a na-eji ọgwụ steroid belata mbufụt na akwara optic. Mmetụta ọjọọ ndị a pụrụ ịbụ site na ọgwụgwọ steroid gụnyere ibu ibu, mgbanwe ọnọdụ, ihu na-acha uhie uhie, afọ ọsịsa na ụra adịghị.

A na-enye ọgwụgwọ steroid site na vein (intravenously). Ọgwụgwọ steroid intravenous na-eme ka ọhụụ gbake ngwa ngwa, mana ọ yiri ka ọ na-emetụta oke ọhụụ ị ga-agbake maka optic neuritis nkịtị.

Mgbe ọgwụgwọ steroid na-adịghị mma ma ọhụụ siri ike na-adịgide, ọgwụgwọ a na-akpọ plasma exchange therapy nwere ike inyere ụfọdụ ndị aka ịgbake ọhụụ ha. Ọmụmụ ihe egosila na plasma exchange therapy adịghị irubere optic neuritis.

Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere optic neuritis, ma ị nwere mmerụ ahụ abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa na uche na-egosi na MRI scans, ị nwere ike ịnweta ọgwụgwọ sclerosis multiple, dị ka interferon beta-1a ma ọ bụ interferon beta-1b, nke nwere ike igbochi ma ọ bụ inyere aka igbochi multiple sclerosis (MS). A na-eji ọgwụ ndị a na-etinye na ahụ maka ndị nwere ihe egwu dị elu nke ịzụlite MS. Mmetụta ọjọọ ndị a pụrụ ịbụ gụnyere mmetụta ụjọ, mbufụt ebe a na-etinye ya na ihe mgbaàmà yiri flu.

Ndị mmadụ ka ukwuu na-agbake ọhụụ dị ka nke nkịtị n'ime ọnwa isii mgbe optic neuritis gasịrị.

Ndị optic neuritis ha laghachiri nwere ihe egwu dị ukwuu nke ịzụlite MS, neuromyelitis optica ma ọ bụ myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody associated disorder. Optic neuritis nwere ike ịlaghachi na ndị na-enweghị nsogbu ndị dị n'azụ, ma ndị ahụ na-enwekarị ọhụụ dị mma ogologo oge karịa ndị nwere MS ma ọ bụ neuromyelitis optica.