He kakara, he wai hūhonu hoki ngā tohu o te mate kohi whea (bacterial vaginosis). He wera, he pērā te ngākau ki te mimi hoki engari kāore he wai hūhonu, ko te mate kohi ara mimi (urinary tract infection). E rua ēnei e noho ana i ngā wāhi rerekē, e pā ana ki ngā huakita rerekē, ā, ka rongoāhia ki ngā rongoā patu huakita rerekē, nā reira, he mea nui kia whakatauhia te pātai BV ki te UTI i mua i te tango i tētahi rongoā.
TL;DR: Ngā Tohu Matua
- Ko te wera i te wā e mimi ana ka puta i roto i ngā mate e rua, ā, kāore e taea te kii ko wai te mate kei a koe.
- Ko te kakara o te whea me te wai hūhonu mā, māwhero rānei, koinei ngā tohu tino kaha mo te BV.
- Ko te tino hiahia ki te mimi, te auau o te mimi, me te pēhanga i runga ake i te wheua kōpū, kāore he wai hūhonu, koinei ngā tohu o te mate kohi mimi.
- Ka whakatauhia te BV mā te whakamātau i te uwhi whea, kāore rawa mā te mimi, nā reira, kāore he pae whakamātau mimi i te kāinga e taea te whakakore, te whakau rānei i te mate.
- Kāore ngā rongoā patu huakita o te UTI e whakaora i te BV, ā, kāore hoki ngā rongoā patu huakita o te BV e whakaora i te UTI. Ko te whakaaro noa ka mou rawa ngā rā.
BV vs UTI: E Rua ngā Māuiuitanga Rerekē, i ngā Wāhi Rerekē E Rua
Ko te BV ki te UTI ka mutu ki te wāhi. Ko te mate kohi whea he nui haere o ngā huakita anaerobic i roto i te whea, ā, ko te tohu matua ko te wai hūhonu māwhero me te kakara rite ki te ika. Ko te mate kohi ara mimi he huakita kei roto i te kohi mimi me te ngongo mimi, ā, ko te tohu matua ko te wera, te tino hiahia ki te mimi, me te pēhanga iti i te kōpū. Kāore tētahi o ngā rongoā e whakaora ana i tētahi ka whakaora i tērā.
I te BV, ko ngā momo Lactobacillus tiaki e tino kitea ana i te whea ka panaia e ngā huakita anaerobic. Koinei te mate whea tino noa i waenga i te hunga 15 ki te 44 tau, e ai ki a MedlinePlus mō te vaginitis. Kāore te BV e whakarōpūhia hei mate ka taea te tuku mā te whakawhiti ira, ahakoi ko te mahi whakawhiti ira ka whakarerekē i te rōpū huakita o te whea, ā, ka nui ake te kitea o te BV i te hunga kei te kaha ki te whakawhiti ira.
Ko te UTI, ko te cystitis kaha, he huakita kua piki ake i te ngongo mimi ki roto i te kohi mimi. E whakarārangitia ana e MedlinePlus te ahua o te cystitis ko te mamae, te wera rānei i te wā e mimi ana, te mimi kohu, te kakara rānei, te auau o te hiahia ki te mimi, me te pēhanga kei raro o te puku. He rerekē ngā kano, he rerekē ngā kopa, he rerekē ngā rongoā. Ko taua wāhanga whakamutunga te wāhi e he ai te nuinga o te rongoā whaiaro.
Ko te Wera i te Wā e Mimi Ana Ko te Tohu Iti rawa i a Koe
Ka taea e te BV te puta ngā tohu o te UTI? Ka taea e ia te whakaputa i ngā tohu pera, nā reira ko te pēna e whakamahia ana e te nuinga o te tangata ki te whakatau i a rātou ake mate ko te mea ka iti rawa te mōhiohio. Ko te BV ka whakapōrearea i ngā kopa o te whea me te vulva. Ka pā ana te mimi ki ngā kopa kua noho kē kē nei, ka ngaua, ā, ko taua ngau ka rēhita hei "wera i te wā e mimi ana" i mua noa atu i tō titiro ki tētahi atu mea.
Ko te tauira te mea nui ake i te noho. Ko te wera e pā ana ki te BV ka puta ki waho, he ngau i te mata i te wā e rere ana te mimi i runga i te kiri kua whakapōrearea, kāore he tino whakarerekētanga ki te auau o te hiahia ki te mimi. Ko te wera o te UTI ka puta ki roto, ā, he iti noa te haere takitahi. Ka tae mai me te tino hiahia ki te mimi, te auau o te mimi, te mimi iti kāore e māuiui, me te mamae ngāwari i runga ake i te wheua kōpū.
Ka hanga e ngā kaimātai rongoā te raina ki te wāhi kotahi. E kī ana te AAFP 2024 rapid evidence review ko ngā tohu mimi noa i roto i te wahine kāore he wai hūhonu ka taea te whakatau i runga i te hītori anake, engari ko ngā tohu mimi e pā ana ki te wai hūhonu me akiaki he whakamātau ki te tūranga me te whakamātau mimi i te wāhi. Kia mahara ki te wāhi e hurihia ai te paepae. Ehara ko te wera. Ko te wai hūhonu.
He raruraru tuarua ki te pātai mehemea ka taea e te BV te puta ngā tohu o te UTI me te mutu i reira: Ko te nuinga o te wā, kāore te BV e puta he tohu. Nā reira, ko te "ka rongo ahau i te wera" ka noho ki runga ake i te mate kāore koe i kite. Ko te wera e kii ana kei te he tētahi mea. Kāore e kii ana ko wai te he.
Ko te Wai Hūhonu me te Kakara e Kī ana i te Nui atu i ngā Tohu Kē
Ko te rerekētanga o te wai hūhonu o te BV ki te UTI ko te wehenga mārama rawa atu i waenga i ngā mate e rua. E whakaahuatia ana e MedlinePlus te wai hūhonu o te BV hei wai māwhero, māwhero rānei, ā, he kakara rite ki te ika, he kaha ake hoki i muri i te whakawhiti ira. Kāore te mate kohi mimi e whakarerekē i te wai hūhonu o te whea.
Ko te BV ki te UTI kakara he pātai nō te wai e kakara ana. I te BV, ko te kakara ka puta mai i te whea, ā, ka kitea me te kore e mimi. I te UTI, ko te mimi ake pea ka kohu, ka kakara rānei, engari ka noho tonu te kakara me te wai hūhonu o te whea pera me ngā wā i mua. Kāore te UTI e puta he kakara whea rite ki te ika, ā, kāore te BV e puta i te nuinga o te wā te hiahia kaha ki te mimi, te ara rānei i te pō ki te mimi.
| Āhuatanga | Mate Kohi Whea (Bacterial Vaginosis) | UTI (Cystitis Kaha) |
|---|---|---|
| Tohu Matua | Kakara me te wai hūhonu | Wera me te hiahia kaha me te auau o te mimi |
| Wai Hūhonu | Māwhero, māwhero rānei, nui ake | Kāore i whakarerekēhia |
| Kakara | Kakara whea rite ki te ika, ka kaha ake i muri i te whakawhiti ira | Mimi kohu, kakara rānei, kakara whea noa |
| Mimi | Ka ngaua ki waho; ka noa te auau o te mimi | Wera, hiahia kaha, auau, mimi iti, mimi i te pō |
| Wāhi Mamae | Vulva me te waha o te whea | I runga ake i te wheua kōpū, kei roto i te kohi mimi |
| Kōkiri, whakapōrearea rānei | Noa | Tīrere |
| Me pēhea te Whakatau | Uwhi whea (Ngā paearu Amsel, Nugent score rānei) | Hītori, whakamātau mimi, ngongo mimi ina hiahiatia |
| Rongoā Tuatahi | Metronidazole (waha rānei, kirīmi) me te clindamycin kirīmi rānei | Nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, me te trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole rānei |
Me Pēhea te Kii Ko Wai kei A Koe i Mua i te Whakamātau
Ko te UTI, ko te BV rānei? Arotakehia ngā tauira e toru. Kakara me te wai hūhonu māwhero me te whakapōrearea o te vulva, me te auau o te mimi noa, ko te tauira BV tera. Wera me te hiahia kaha me te auau o te mimi me te pēhanga suprapubic, kāore he wai hūhonu me te kore he huringa kakara, ko te tauira UTI tera. Ko ngā huinga e rua i te wā kotahi te tikanga ka whakamātau koe mō ngā mea e rua, ehara ko te kōwhiri i te mea tino kaha.
Ko te mea kāore ngā whārangi maha e kii atu ki a koe: ko te pae whakamātau UTI, ko te pae pH rānei kei te toa ka taea te pohehe i a koe. Ka taea e ngā mate e rua te whakarerekē i te pH, kāore he pae pai e whakakore i te BV hei tino take o ō tohu, ā, kāore he whakamātau mimi o tētahi momo e whakatau ana i te BV. E ai ki ngā CDC's 2021 STI Treatment Guidelines, ka whakatauhia te BV mā ngā paearu Amsel i te taha o te moenga, ko te Nugent score rānei i te taiwhanga, e rua mai i te uwhi whea.
He tino taea te māuiuitanga rua. Ko te ngongo mimi me te whea he hoa tata te tūranga, ā, ko te whai i ngā mea e rua i te wā kotahi ehara i te mea tauhou, koinei te take whaihua o te peka "ngā tauira e rua" i runga ake nei.
Mō te utu: Ka taea e tētahi toro ki te tākuta te whakatau i te pātai mā te whakamātau mimi i taua rā anō me te uwhi whea, he mea uhi pea mā te inihua, i te $150 ki te $250 te utu mō te pouaka tuku i te kāinga kaore ano kia āta tirohia koe. Ki te ko ngā tohu mimi noa au, kāore he wai hūhonu, he haerenga ataata te taahiraa tuatahi, ā, he mea pai kia mōhio koe me pēhea te haerenga ā-ipurangi ina hiahia koe i tētahi tohutohu i mua i te whakarite. E tuku ana a August i te $39 te utu mo te rongoā ohorere ā-ipurangi, mā reira ka tirohia e tētahi taote kua rēhita ki te US ngā tohu me te whakatau mehemea he tika te tohutohu. Ko te mea kāore e taea e taua haerenga ko te mahi whakamātau uwhi whea e hiahiatia ana mo te BV.
Kāore ngā Rongoā Patu Huakita Tīpua o te UTI e Whakaora i te BV
Ka taea e ngā rongoā patu huakita o te UTI te rongoā i te BV? Kāore, ā, ko te take ka puta mai i te rongoā, ehara i te mea nā te rahi, te roa rānei. E whakarārangitia ana e te AAFP's 2024 review ngā rongoā matua mō te cystitis hei nitrofurantoin extended-release 100 mg takirua i te rā mō ngā rā e rima, fosfomycin kotahi te horopeta 3g, me te trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 160/800 mg takirua i te rā mō ngā rā e toru. I whiriwhiria aua rongoā nā te mea ka kohikohi ki roto i te mimi, ehara i te mea ka pā ki te rōpū huakita o te whea.
Ka rongoāhia te BV ki te huarahi rerekē. E whakaingoatia ana e ngā CDC's 2021 guidelines te metronidazole waha 500 mg takirua i te rā mō ngā rā e whitu, te kirīmi metronidazole o roto i te whea, me te kirīmi clindamycin rānei. He rongoā rerekē, he huarahi rerekē, he whāinga rerekē. Ko ēnei tikanga ka whakarārangitia i konei hei whakaatu i te tawhiti o te rerekētanga, ehara hei tohutohu ki te horopeta i a koe.
Kāore he painga te whakaaro he. Ka mau tonu te mate tūturu i a koe e tatari ana i te akoranga kāore i aro ki a ia, ka ātaahua pea ngā tohu i mua i te tirohanga a tētahi, ā, ko te BV kāore i rongoāhia ka honoa ki te nui haere o te tupono ki te hopu HIV me ētahi atu STI. Kaua e tango i tētahi tohutohu tawhito mai i tētahi wā o mua. Ki te hoki mai te UTI i muri i te rongoā kua rahua kē, e tūtohu ana te AAFP he ngongo mimi me te whakamātau kaha hei utu mo tētahi atu whakaaro noa.
Ētahi Tohu Ka Kii Kia Kati te Whakatau i a Koe me Te Kite i te Tākuta
Waea atu ki te 911, haere rānei ki te rūma ohorere inaianei ki te:
- Kei a koe te kirika, te makariri rānei me te mamae o muri, o te taha rānei, te ruaki, te mamae rānei, e kii ana he mate whatukuhu.
- Ka kite koe i te toto mārama i roto i tō mimi.
- Ka puta te raruraru ohorere, te huringa o te hinengaro ki te kaumātua me ngā tohu mimi katoa, e kī ana a MedlinePlus ka taea pea ko te tohu anake o te mate.
- He mamae nui koe kei raro o te puku, kei te kōpū rānei me te kirika me te wai hūhonu, e tohu ana pea he mate keke.
Whakaritea he toro i roto i te wiki e tū mai nei ki te: kei a koe ngā tohu BV, UTI rānei i te wā e hapū ana koe, kua roa ngā tohu neke atu i ngā rā tokorua, ka hoki mai ngā wā, me ngā tohu mimi ka puta me te wai hūhonu, ā, me āta tirotiro tūranga.
Kōrero ki tētahi kaimātai i mua i te tīmatanga ki te: kei te hapū koe, kei te whāngai koe, koinei tō tuatoru o ngā wā i roto i te tau, hoki mai ngā tohu i muri i te whakaoti i ngā rongoā patu huakita, kei te whai koe i te hua o te pae kāinga, me te whakaaro rānei koe ki ngā rongoā tawhito.
Tētahi atu ture pai kia mau: ki te kino haere ngā tohu, mehemea kāore rānei e pai haere i roto i te 48 ki te 72 haora o te tīmatanga o te rongoā patu huakita kua tohua, waea mai anō kaua e tatari kia mutu te akoranga. Ki te kāore koe e tino mōhio ki tehea o ēnei taumata e uru ana koe, ka taea e te August AI Symptom Checker te āwhina i a koe ki te whakatau i te ohorere i mua i te whakatau ki hea haere.
Ngā Pātai Auau
He mate ka taea te tuku mā te whakawhiti ira te mate kohi whea, ā, me rongoā tō hoa?
Kāore. Kāore te BV e whakarōpūhia hei mate ka taea te tuku mā te whakawhiti ira, ahakoi ka nui ake te kitea i roto i te hunga e kaha ana ki te whakawhiti ira nā te mea ko te mahi whakawhiti ira ka whakarerekē i te rōpū huakita o te whea. Ko ngā tikanga matua a te CDC ka tuhia mō te tangata kei a ia te mate. Ki te kei te whea tētahi hoa i ōna ake tohu, me tirotirohia ia kia rite ki tōna ake tika, kaua e rongoāhia mā tō tohutohu.
Ka whakarerekē te hapūtanga i te tere o taku kitea ki te mate BV, ki te UTI rānei?
Āe. Whakaaturia ngā tohu ki tō rata whakawhanau i taua wiki anō kaua e tatari kia kite mehemea ka pai haere, ā, kaua e timata i tētahi mea mai i tētahi tohutohu o mua. Ko te rongoā patu huakita e tika ana i te wā e hapū ana ko te whakatau a te tākuta, ā, he mea nui kia whakapumautia ngā mate e rua mā te whakamātau, kaua ko te whakatau noa i ngā tohu.
Ka whakaora ngā taapiringa kāreneri, ngā probiotics rānei i te BV, i te UTI rānei?
Kāore. Kāore tētahi e whakaora i te mate kaha. Ko te rongoā matua mō te cystitis ko te rongoā patu huakita pērā i te nitrofurantoin me te fosfomycin, ā, mō te BV ko te metronidazole me te clindamycin. Ka whakahuatia ētahi taapiringa mō te whakaiti i te hokinga mai, he pātai rerekē tena ki te whakaoti i te mate kei a koe ināianei. Whakaorangia te wāhanga o nāianei kia tika.
He aha taku BV e hoki mai tonu ana i muri i taku whakaoti i ngā rongoā patu huakita?
He maha ngā wā nā te mea ka whakaorangia e ngā rongoā patu huakita te nui haere o ngā huakita anaerobic me te kore e whakahoki mai i te momo Lactobacillus tiaki e ārai ana i te hokinga mai. Ka ngoikore anō te taiao whea ka mutu te akoranga. Ko te hokinga mai ka puta i te nuinga o te wā, nā reira ka tika te kōrero mō te tikanga roa ake, mō te aukati rānei me tētahi kaimātai, kaua ko te whakahoki i te akoranga whitu-rā kotahi tonu.
Ka hiahiatia e ahau tētahi ngongo mimi, me he pae whakamātau noa iho?
Kāore i te nuinga mō te wāhanga tuatahi, māmā noa iho. E rahuitia ana e te AAFP te ngongo mimi me te whakamātau kaha mō ngā mate e hoki mai ana, te rahunga o te rongoā o mua, ngā āhua rerekē, ngā tāne katoa me ngā tohu mimi, me te nuinga o ngā pakeke 65 tau me te pakeke ake. Ki te whakakākā te pikitia BV ki te UTI mā te wai hūhonu, me tango hoki e koe te uwhi whea, nā te mea ko te ngongo anake te whakautu i te haurua o te mimi.
Te Whakamutunga mō te BV ki te UTI
Ko te kakara me te wai hūhonu e tohu ana ki te BV. Ko te wera me te hiahia nui me te kore he wai hūhonu e tohu ana ki te UTI. Ko te huinga e rua ka hiahia kia whakamātau mō ngā mea e rua. E hiahiatia ana e te tokorua nei ngā rongoā patu huakita rerekē, ā, ko te rongoā he teka ka moua koe i ngā rā i te mea ka mau tonu te mate tūturu. Ko te taahiraa whaihua o muri ko te whakamātau mimi i taua rā anō me te uwhi whea, me tētahi haerenga ā-ipurangi mena he tohu mimi noa āu me te kore he wai hūhonu.
Panuitanga: He mōhiohio noa iho tēnei tuhinga, kāore hoki e kiia hei tohutohu hauora. Kōrero tonu ki tētahi kaiwhakarato hauora whai tohu mō ngā whakataunga mate me ngā rongoā. Ki te kei te whea koe i tētahi wā ohorere hauora, waea atu ki te 911, haere rānei ki te rūma ohorere tata tonu.
