He aha te Leukemia Pūrua? Ngā Tohutohu, Ngā Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ko te leukemia pūrua tētahi momo mate pukupuku toto onge, e pā ana ki ō lymphocytes B, arā, ngā pūtau toto ma e āwhina ana ki te whawhai i ngā mate. Ko te ingoa i puta mai i te ahua o ēnei pūtau koretake i raro i te microscope – he iti ngā pūrua huruhuru e tō ana i tō rātou mata.

Ko tēnei mate pukupuku e tupu ana i te wā roa e pā ana ki ngā tāngata pakeke o te tau waenga, ā, e whā te wā pea ka puta mai i ngā tāne i te wā e puta mai ana i ngā wāhine. Ahakoa ka raru pea te kupu “leukemia”, e tupu ana te leukemia pūrua i te wā roa, ā, he tokomaha ngā tāngata e ora ana i ngā oranga tino pai, mahi, me te maimoatanga tika.

He aha ngā tohu o te leukemia pūrua?

He tokomaha ngā tāngata e mate ana i te leukemia pūrua kaore e kite i ngā tohu i te tīmatanga, na te mea ka tupu haere tēnei mate pukupuku. Ki te puta mai ngā tohu, he iti noa iho, ā, ka rite pea ki te ngenge koe, ki te whawhai rānei i te mate huka e mau tonu ana.

Ko ngā tohu tino noa ka pā atu ki a koe, ko te ngenge, te ngoikore rānei, ahakoa i muri i te moe pai. Ka puta mai tēnei na te mea ka whakakiia ngā pūtau toto ora e kawe ana i te hāora puta noa i tō tinana.

Ko ēnei ngā tohu e puta mai ana i te wā e tupu haere ana te āhuatanga:

• Te ngenge me te ngoikore e kore e pai ake me te okioki
• Ngā mate maha, ngā mate rānei e roa ana te ora
• Te mārōngaro, te toto rānei, tae atu ki te toto ihu, ki te toto niho rānei
• Te ngawari ki te makona i te kai, te mamae puku rānei
• Te ngaro taumaha kaore i te whakamārama
• Te poto o te manawa i ngā mahi noa
• Ngā whekau lymph pupuhi, ahakoa he iti rawa tēnei

Ko te ngawari ki te makona i muri i te kai iti ka puta mai na te mea ka pupuhi pea tō whekau, i te mea e ngana ana ki te whakakore i ngā pūtau koretake. Ka whakamaarama etahi tāngata he mea taimaha te ahua i tō taha maui.

He mea tika kia mārama ko ēnei tohu ka puta mai i ētahi atu take, ko te nuinga he tino noa ake, he iti ake te kino i te leukemia pūrua. Heoi, ki te pā ana ki a koe ētahi o ēnei tohu, he mea nui kia tirotirohia e tō kaiwhakarato hauora.

He aha ngā take o te leukemia pūrua?

Kaore i te tino mārama te take tika o te leukemia pūrua, engari kua kitea e ngā kairangahau ētahi take matua e āwhina ana ki tōna whanaketanga. Ka rite ki te maha o ngā mate pukupuku, ka puta mai i ngā huringa ira e puta ana i te wā, kaore i te mea ka whiwhi koe i ō mātua.

Kua kitea e ngā kairangi he tata katoa ngā tāngata e mate ana i te leukemia pūrua he huringa ira motuhake kei a rātou e kiia nei ko te BRAF V600E. Ko tēnei huringa e whakaohooho ana i ngā lymphocytes B ki te tupu koretake, ki te ora roa atu i te mea tika, ā, ka āhei te kohikohi o ēnei pūtau “pūrua” koretake.

Kaore i rite ki ētahi atu mate pukupuku, kaore te leukemia pūrua e hono atu ki ngā take oranga penei i te wāhine, te kai, te pā ki ngā matū rānei. Kaore e pā, ā, kaore e taea e koe te hopu mai i tētahi atu, te tuku atu rānei ki ngā mema whānau.

Ka puta mai te huringa e whakaohooho ana i tēnei āhuatanga i te wā o te oranga o te tangata. Ko te tikanga kaore he mea ka taea e koe te mahi rerekē hei aukati i tōna putanga.

Nōhea koe me haere ki te taote mō ngā tohu o te leukemia pūrua?

Me whakaaro koe ki te haere ki tō taote ki te pā ana ki a koe te ngenge, ngā mate maha, te toto rānei e roa atu ana i ngā wiki torutoru. Ahakoa ko ēnei tohu e puta mai ana i ngā āhuatanga noa, he mea nui kia tirotirohia.

Tātai atu ki te kite koe i ngā tohu maha e puta tahi ana, ina koa ki te āwangawanga ana i ō mahi o ia rā. Hei tauira, ki te ngenge koe, ā, kei te maha atu hoki ngā mate huka i te noa, ki te mārōngaro ngāwari rānei koe me te poto o te manawa.

Kaua e tatari ki te puta mai ētahi tohu āwangawanga penei i te ngenge nui e kore e pai ake me te okioki, te ngaro taumaha kaore i te whakamārama, ngā mate rānei e roa ana i te mea tika. Ko te kite wawe me te maimoatanga ka taea te whakarereke nui ki te whakahaere i tēnei āhuatanga.

Kia mahara, kei reira tō kaiwhakarato hauora hei āwhina i a koe ki te kimi i te mea kei te puta. Ka taea e rātou te mahi i ngā whakamātautau toto ngāwari ka taea te whakarato i ngā korero whai hua mō tō hauora whānui, me te mea pea ka hiahiatia ngā whakamātautau atu.

He aha ngā take morearea mō te leukemia pūrua?

Ko te mārama ki ngā take morearea ka taea te āwhina i te whakaaro ki tēnei āhuatanga, ahakoa he mea nui kia mōhio kei a koe ngā take morearea, kaore e tikanga ka whanake koe i te leukemia pūrua. Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata e whai ana i ngā take morearea kaore e whanake i tēnei āhuatanga.

Ko te take morearea tino kaha ko te mea he tane, he tau waenga hoki. Ko te 80% o ngā tāngata e whakatauhia ana he leukemia pūrua he tāne, ā, ko te tau toharite o te whakatau ko te 50 ki te 55 tau te pakeke. Heoi, ka puta pea i ngā tāngata taitamariki, i ngā tāngata pakeke rānei.

Ko ēnei ngā take matua ka piki pea ai tō morearea:

• Ko te mea he tane (e whā te wā pea i te wāhine)
• Te pakeke i waenga i te 40 me te 60 tau
• Ko te iwi Hūrai Ashkenazi (he iti te piki o te morearea)
• Te whai i te hītori whānau o ngā mate pukupuku toto (he hononga onge rawa)

Kaore i rite ki te maha o ngā mate pukupuku, kaore te leukemia pūrua e hono atu ki ngā take taiao, ki ngā maimoatanga mate pukupuku o mua, ki ngā whiringa oranga rānei. Ka taea tēnei te whakamarie, na te mea kaore pea he mea ka taea e koe te mahi hei aukati i taua mea.

He mea tika hoki kia mōhio he onge rawa te leukemia pūrua, e pā ana ki te 2 noa i roto i te 100,000 o ngā tāngata. Ahakoa kei a koe ngā take morearea maha, he iti rawa ō tūmanako ki te whanake i tēnei āhuatanga.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te leukemia pūrua?

Ko te nuinga o ngā raruraru mai i te leukemia pūrua e tupu ana i te wā roa, ā, ka taea te whakahaere pai me te maimoatanga tika. Ko te take matua ko te whakakiia o ngā pūtau toto ora e ngā pūtau toto koretake, ka pā pea ki te kaha o tō tinana ki te whawhai i ngā mate, ki te whakahaere i te toto rānei.

Ko te raruraru tino noa ko te piki o te morearea o ngā mate, na te mea kaore i a koe ngā pūtau toto ma ora hei tiaki i a koe. Ka roa pea ēnei mate ki te mawhiti, ki te nui ake rānei te kino i te noa.

Ko ēnei ngā raruraru pea me mōhio koe:

• Ngā mate maha, ngā mate kino rānei na te iti o ngā pūtau toto ma
• Te mārōngaro ngāwari, te toto rānei na te iti o ngā pūtau toto
• Te mate toto e whakaohooho ana i te ngenge me te poto o te manawa
• Te whekau pupuhi ka pā pea ki te mamae puku
• Te whakaheke i te whekau wheua (fibrosis) i ngā take onge
• Ngā mate pukupuku tuarua, ahakoa he onge tēnei

He tino noa te whekau pupuhi, ā, ka puta mai na te mea ka mahi nui tēnei whekau ki te whakakore i ngā pūtau koretake. Ahakoa ka pā pea tēnei ki te mamae, e pai ake ana te nuinga me te maimoatanga.

Ko te rongo pai, me ngā maimoatanga hou, ka iti haere ngā raruraru kino. Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata e mate ana i te leukemia pūrua ka tumanako ki te ora i ngā tau ora noa i te wā e whakahaerea tika ana tō rātou āhuatanga e tō rātou rōpū hauora.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te leukemia pūrua?

Ko te whakatau i te leukemia pūrua e tīmata ana me ngā whakamātautau toto e whakaatu ana i ngā hua koretake, penei i te iti o ngā pūtau toto, te puta mai rānei o ngā pūtau ahua koretake. Ka tono pea tō taote i ēnei whakamātautau ki te pā ana ki a koe ngā tohu, hei wāhanga rānei o te tirotiro hauora noa.

Ko te taahiraa whakatau matua ko te tirotiro i ō pūtau toto me ō pūtau wheua wheua i raro i te microscope. Ka taea e te tohunga whakangungu te tautuhi i te ahua “pūrua” o ēnei lymphocytes B koretake, ā, koinei te huarahi e whiwhi ai te āhuatanga i tōna ingoa.

Ko ēnei ngā mea e whakauru ana ki te tukanga whakatau:

1. Te tau toto katoa (CBC) hei tirotiro i ngā taumata pūtau toto katoa
2. Te tirotiro toto hei titiro ki ngā āhua me ngā rāhi o ngā pūtau
3. Te cytometry rere hei tautuhi i ngā tohu pūtau motuhake
4. Te tātaritanga wheua wheua hei aromatawai i ngā momo pūtau me ngā tau
5. Te whakamātautau ira hei titiro mo te huringa BRAF
6. Te tātaritanga CT hei tirotiro mo ngā whekau pupuhi

Ka raru pea te tātaritanga wheua wheua, engari e mahia ana te nuinga hei mahi manuhiri me te anesthetic rohe. Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata e whakamaarama ana he kore pai te ahua, kaore i te mamae, ā, ka whakarato i ngā korero nui mō te whakarite i tō maimoatanga.

Ko te whiwhi i te whakatau tino e torutoru rā ki te wiki te roa i muri i te whakaoti i ngā whakamātautau katoa. Ka arahi tō rōpū hauora i a koe i ia taahiraa, ā, ka whakamārama i te mea kei te rapu rātou, kia mārama koe ki te mea kei te puta puta noa i te tukanga.

He aha te maimoatanga mō te leukemia pūrua?

Kua tino pai ake te maimoatanga mō te leukemia pūrua i ngā tekau tau kua pahure, ā, he tokomaha ngā tāngata e whiwhi ana i te whakaora roa me ngā rongoā ngawari. Ko te rongo pai ko tēnei āhuatanga e tino pai ana te whakautu ki te maimoatanga, ahakoa kaore e taea te whakaora katoa.

Kaore te katoa e hiahia ana ki te maimoatanga i te tīmatanga. Ki te pumau ō tau pūtau toto, ā, kaore koe e pāngia e ngā tohu, ka tūtohu pea tō taote ki te tirotiro ata i te wāhi o te maimoatanga tika. Ko tēnei huarahi, e kiia nei ko te “matakitaki me te tatari”, ka āhei ai koe te karo i ngā pānga o te maimoatanga ki te kore e hiahiatia.

Ki te hiahiatia te maimoatanga, ko ngā whiringa tino noa me te whai hua ko ēnei:

• Cladribine (2-CdA) – he rongoā chemotherapy e hoatu ana mā te IV, mā te werohanga rānei
• Pentostatin – tētahi atu whiringa chemotherapy me te whai hua rite
• Rituximab – he maimoatanga e whakaeke ana i ngā tohu pūtau motuhake
• Interferon alpha – e whakamahia ana he iti te wā, engari he whai hua tonu mō ētahi tāngata
• Ngā kaiwhakakore BRAF – ngā rongoā hou mō ngā take ātete
• Te tango whekau (splenectomy) – he iti te hiahiatia, engari ka taea te āwhina i ētahi tāngata

E whakaarohia ana te Cladribine hei maimoatanga paerewa na te mea ka āhei te whakaora katoa i te 85% o ngā tāngata i muri i te kotahi noa te maimoatanga. Ko te maimoatanga e whakauru ana ki ngā whakauru o ia rā mō te whitu rā, ā, ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata e tino pai ana te whakaae.

Ki te hoki mai te mate pukupuku i muri i te maimoatanga tuatahi, ka taea pea i muri i ngā tau, ko ngā maimoatanga ano e mahi ana anō. He tokomaha ngā tāngata e haere ana i ngā huringa o te maimoatanga me te whakaora, e ora ana i ngā oranga noa, mahi i waenga i ngā maimoatanga.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i te leukemia pūrua i te kāinga?

Ko te whakahaere i te leukemia pūrua i te kāinga e aro ana ki te tautoko i tō hauora whānui, ki te mahi tata rānei me tō rōpū hauora. Na te mea e pā ana tēnei āhuatanga ki tō pūnaha mate, he mea nui te tango i ngā mahi hei aukati i ngā mate.

Ko te kai i te kai rite e whai hua ana i ngā hua, ngā huawhenua, me ngā pūmua ngawari ka taea te tautoko i tō pūnaha mate me ō taumata kaha. Kaore koe e hiahia ki te whai i tētahi kai motuhake, engari ko te aro ki ngā kai kai ora ka taea te āwhina i a koe ki te pai i te wā o te maimoatanga me te ora.

Ko ēnei ngā mahi whai hua ka taea e koe te tango hei tautoko i tō hauora:

• Horoihia ō ringa maha me te tino pai
• Karohia ngā mano i te wā o te mate huka me te mate huka
• Whiwhi i ngā whakakakahu e tūtohutia ana (engari karohia ngā whakakakahu ora)
• Noho makuku, kai kai ora
• Whiwhi i te okioki tika, whakahaerehia te ahotea
• Whakapakarihia ngāwari i te wā e manawanui ana
• Tātai mo ngā tohu o te mate, whakaatu wawe atu

Tātai atu ki ō taumata kaha, kaua e pēhi i a koe i ngā rā e ngenge ana koe. He tokomaha ngā tāngata e kite ana ko ngā mahi ngawari penei i te hikoi, te kauhoe, te yoga rānei e āwhina ana ki te pupuri i tō rātou kaha me te ngākau, kaore e nui rawa te whakapau i tō rātou pūnaha.

Tātaihia ngā tohu, ngā huringa rānei i te ahua o tō ngākau, ā, kaua e whakaroa ki te whakapiri atu ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora me ngā pātai, ngā āwangawanga rānei. Ka pai ake te rongonga mai i a koe mō tetahi mea iti i te tatari kia nui ake te raru.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō whakaritenga taote?

Ko te whakarite mō tō whakaritenga ka taea te āwhina i a koe ki te whakamahi pai i tō wā me tō kaiwhakarato hauora, kia whakarite hoki kua whakautua ō pātai katoa. Whakaarohia te tuhi i ō tohu, te wā i tīmata ai rātou, me te mea e pai ake ai rātou, e kino ake rānei.

Kawe mai he rārangi o ngā rongoā, ngā taapiri, me ngā huaora katoa e inu ana koe, tae atu ki ngā taonga-ā-te-kāinga. Tāpiritia hoki ngā rekoata hauora e tika ana, ina koa ngā hua whakamātautau toto o mua ki te whai koe.

Ko ēnei ngā mea me whakarite koe i mua i tō haerenga:

• He rārangi taipitopito o ō tohu me te wā e puta mai ai
• Te rārangi rongoā katoa tae atu ki ngā horoinga
• Te hītori hauora whānau, ina koa ngā mate pukupuku toto
• Te rārangi o ngā pātai e hiahia ana koe ki te ui
• Ngā kāreti inihua me te tohu ingoa
• He hoa whakawhirinaki, he mema whānau rānei mō te tautoko

Ko ētahi pātai nui pea e hiahia ana koe ki te ui ko ngā whakamātautau e hiahiatia ana, te tikanga o ngā hua, ngā whiringa maimoatanga e wātea ana, me te mea e tumanako ana koe ki te neke whakamua. Kaua e manukanuka ki te ui i ngā pātai maha – e hiahia ana tō rōpū hauora kia mārama koe ki tō āhuatanga.

Whakaarohia te kawe mai i tētahi ki te whakaritenga. Ka taea te āwhina i te rua o ngā taringa i te wā e whiwhi ana koe i te maha o ngā korero hou, ā, ka taea e rātou te whakarato i te tautoko ngākau i te wā pea ka āwangawanga.

He aha te mea nui mō te leukemia pūrua?

Ko te leukemia pūrua he momo mate pukupuku toto onge, engari he tino maimoatia, e tupu ana i te wā roa, ā, e tino pai ana te whakautu ki ngā maimoatanga hou. Ahakoa ka āwangawanga pea te whiwhi i tetahi whakatau mate pukupuku, ko tēnei āhuatanga motuhake tētahi o ngā reiti angitu maimoatanga pai rawa atu i roto i ngā mate pukupuku toto.

Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata e mate ana i te leukemia pūrua ka tumanako ki te ora i ngā tau ora noa me te tiaki hauora tika. He tino whai hua ngā maimoatanga e wātea ana i tēnei rā, ā, he tokomaha ngā tāngata e whiwhi ana i ngā wā roa o te whakaora i muri i te kotahi noa te maimoatanga.

Ko te mea nui rawa kia mahara kaore koe i te kotahi i roto i tēnei haerenga. Kei a tō rōpū hauora te wheako whānui ki te maimoatanga i tēnei āhuatanga, ā, kei reira ngā maimoatanga whai hua e wātea ana. He tokomaha ngā tāngata e mate ana i te leukemia pūrua e mahi tonu ana, e haereere ana, e pai ana ki ō rātou mahi noa me te iti o te āwangawanga ki ō rātou oranga.

Aro atu ki te tango i ngā mea kotahi i te wā, noho hono atu ki tō pūnaha tautoko, ā, pupuri i te whakawhitiwhiti korero tuwhera me tō rōpū hauora. Me te tiaki tika me te tirotiro, kei reira ngā take katoa hei whakapono ki tō hauora me tō kounga ora i te heke mai.

Ngā pātai e ui pinepinetia ana mō te leukemia pūrua

He mate pukupuku whakatūpato te leukemia pūrua?

Kaore te leukemia pūrua e whakatūpatohia mai i ō mātua. Ahakoa pea he iti te piki o te morearea ki te whai koe i ngā mema whānau e mate ana i ngā mate pukupuku toto, ko te nuinga o ngā take e puta ana i te wā o te oranga o te tangata. Kaore e taea e koe te tuku i tēnei āhuatanga ki ō tamariki mā ō ira.

E hira te roa ka taea e koe te ora me te leukemia pūrua?

Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata e mate ana i te leukemia pūrua he roa te ora noa, he tata noa rānei te ora i te wā e maimoatia tika ana. E tupu ana tēnei āhuatanga i te wā roa, ā, he tino whai hua ngā maimoatanga o nāianei. He tokomaha ngā tāngata e ora ana mō ngā tekau tau i muri i te whakatau, ā, ka hiahia pea etahi ki te kotahi noa te maimoatanga hei whiwhi i te whakaora roa e roa ana ngā tau.

Ka taea te whakaora katoa i te leukemia pūrua?

Ahakoa kaore e taea te whakaora katoa i te leukemia pūrua, ka taea te whakahaere pai mō ngā wā roa. Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata e whiwhi ana i te whakaora katoa me te maimoatanga, ko te tikanga kaore he pūtau koretake e kitea ana i roto i ō rātou toto, i ō rātou wheua wheua rānei. Ahakoa ka hoki mai te āhuatanga i muri i ngā tau, e tino pai ana te whakautu ki ngā maimoatanga ano anō.

He aha te tikanga o te whakaora mō te leukemia pūrua?

Ko te tikanga o te whakaora ko te hokinga mai o ō tau pūtau toto ki ngā taumata noa, ā, kaore he pūtau pūrua koretake e kitea ana i roto i ō toto, i ō wheua wheua rānei. Kaore te whakaora katoa e tikanga kua ora koe, engari e tikanga ana he tino angitu te maimoatanga. He tokomaha ngā tāngata e noho ana i te whakaora mō ngā tau, ngā tekau tau rānei kaore e hiahia ana ki te maimoatanga atu.

He take kai motuhake kei te leukemia pūrua?

Kaore he take kai motuhake mō te leukemia pūrua. Heoi, ki te iti ō tau pūtau toto ma, ka tūtohu pea tō taote ki te karo i ngā kai mata, ngā kai kore i tunua pai rānei ka piki pea te morearea o te mate. Aro atu ki te kai i te kai rite, kai ora hei tautoko i tō hauora whānui me tō pūnaha mate. Kōrerohia ngā take kai katoa me tō rōpū hauora.