Kia Tokohia ngā Tāngata Ka Mate i te Huhua ia Tau?

Ka tae mai ngā mare tuatahi me ngā ihuoma i te ngahuru, he pātai kei te hinengaro o te tini o te tangata: Kia kaha tonu te huhua? Kua pā katoa nei tātou ki a ia—te kirikā, te mamae, me te ngenge e takahuri ai koe mō te wiki. Engari mō ētahi, he nui atu i te wheako pouri. Nā reira, kia tokohia ngā tāngata ka mate i te huhua ia tau?

Ehara te whakautu i te tau kotahi, pumau. Ka rereke rawa te tau mai i tētahi kaupeka ki tētahi atu. Kotahi anake te United States, e whakaarohia ana e te Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) kua mate te huhua i waenganui i te 12,000 me te 52,000 tāngata ia tau i roto i te tekau tau kua pahure ake nei. I te ao katoa, he kaha ake te pikitia. E ai ki te Pūtaiao Hauora o te Ao (WHO), ka mate te huhua takurua i te 290,000 ki te 650,000 tāngata i te mate hāpuku ia tau.

Ehara ēnei i te tau iti. E whakanuia ana e rātou tētahi tino mooni: he mate hopuhopu nui te huhua, ā, i ētahi wā, he mate whakamate. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka ruku tātou ki ngā raraunga, ka tirotiro he aha ai ka rereke ai ēnei tau, ā, ka matapaki hoki i ngā ara tino whai hua hei tiaki i a koe me ō hoa aroha.

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Tirohanga ki ngā Tau: Ngā Mate Huhua o te US me te Ao ia Tau

Ki te mārama pono ki te pānga o te huhua, he āwhina te titiro ki ngā raraunga i te wā. E whakaatu ana te tau tūponotanga mate huhua ia tau i tētahi wāhi kaore i te rite, me etahi kaupeka he nui ake te kino i ētahi atu.

Ngā Mate Huhua ia Tau i te US

Ka aru te CDC i te kaha o te huhua i te United States mā te pūnaha tauira tauanga. E hoatu ana tēnei i tētahi pikitia tino tika ake i te tatau noa i ngā take kua whakamanatia e te taiwhanga. Anei te tirohanga ki te tau mate huhua ia tau US mō te tekau tau kua pahure ake nei, e whakaatu mārama ana te rereke o te tau ki te tau.

Kaupeka Huhua	Ngā Mate Ka Whakaarohia i te United States
2010–2011	37,000
2011–2012	12,000
2012–2013	43,000
2013–2014	38,000
2014–2015	51,000
2015–2016	23,000
2016–2017	38,000
2017–2018	52,000
2018–2019	28,000
2019–2020	20,000
2021–2022*	5,000

Pūtake: CDC: Past Seasons Estimated Influenza Disease Burden. Kia mōhio ki te tino iti o te tau 2020-2021 (kaore i te rārangi i te teepu matua, he tino rereke) me te tau iti i te tau 2021-2022, ko te nuinga na ngā tikanga hauora a te iwi i te wā o te COVID-19 pandemic.

E kite ana koutou, ko te tau 2017-2018 te tau tino kino, me te 52,000 ngā mate i whakaarohia, ā, ko te tau 2011-2012 he iti ake te kino. Ko te rereketanga tēnei he āhuatanga nui o te huhua.

Te Tirohanga Ao mo ngā Mate Huhua

Ka ata titiro tātou ki te ao, ka nui te rahi o te mate huhua o te ao. Ko te whakatau a te WHO kia 290,000 ki te 650,000 ngā mate e kapi ana i ngā mate hono ki te hāpai. Heoi, e kii ana ētahi rangahau, ka nui ake pea te tatauranga tūturu. E ai ki tētahi rangahau i whakaputaina i roto i te The Lancet, ā, i whakanuia e Our World in Data, ka tae ki te 700,000 ngā mate huhua o te ao ia tau, ki te whakaurua atu ngā mate ngākau e hono ana ki te huhua. E whakaatu ana tēnei me pēhea te huhua e pā ai ki te tinana katoa, ehara i te pūkahukahu anake.

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He Aha ai ka Rereke Rawa ai ngā Tau Mate Huhua?

Ka titiro ki te teepu i runga ake nei, ka pātai pea koe he aha ai ka nui ake te mate i te tau kotahi i te tau ki tētahi atu. Ko te rereketanga nui o te reiti mate huhua takurua e kaha ana ngā kete e honoa ana.

1. Ngā Momo Huhua e Hīrere Ana: Ehara i te mea kotahi te “huhua.” He maha ngā momo me ngā momo āhua o te huakita huhua (pēnei i te A/H1N1 me te A/H3N2) ka hīrere ia tau. Ko ētahi momo he kaha ake te kino, he kino ake rānei i ētahi atu. Ko ngā kaupeka ka kaha ki te huakita H3N2, hei tauira, kua honoa ki te nui ake o te materoto me te mate, āe, ko te hunga kaumātua (pūtake).

2. Te Pai o te Kōpiri: Ia tau, ka hanga ngā kaipūtaiao i tētahi kōpiri huhua hou hei rite ki ngā momo e matapae ana rātou ka tino nui. I ētahi wā ka tino pai te hononga, ā, he tino pai te kōpiri. I ētahi tau, ka taea e te huakita te “rere” te huri rānei i muri i te hanganga o te kōpiri, ka iti iho te pai. Ahakoa i ngā tau kaore i tino pai te hononga, ka hoatu tonu te kōpiri i te tiaki nui ki te mate kino, ki te materoto, me te mate (pūtake).

3. Ngā Reiti Kōpiri: Ko te nui ake o te tangata ka kōpiri, ko te iti ake o te huakita ka taea te horapa. Ko tēnei mate āhuru (me te “mate āhuru o te kahui”) ka āwhina i te tiaki i ngā tangata katoa, tae atu ki te hunga tino mōrearea. Ka nui te reiti kōpiri, ka iti te taumaha katoa o te mate, tae atu ki ngā mate.

4. Ngā Tikanga Hauora a te Iwi (Te “COVID Effect”): Ko te kaupeka huhua 2020-2021 he tino iti rawa, he tino iti ngā take me ngā mate. Ehara tēnei i te mea kua ngaro te huakita huhua; nā te mea ko ngā tikanga hauora a te iwi i whakatakotohia mō te COVID-19—pēnei i te kano, te tawhiti ā-tinana, me te horoi ringaringa auau—he tino pai hoki ki te aukati i te huhua (pūtake). Ko tēnei wā i tū hei whakamātau tūturu mō te pānga o ēnei whanonga ki te horapa huhua. I kawea mai hoki tēnei te tini o te mate huhua vs mate COVID ki te whakarite, e whakanui ana he tino huakita manawa kino ngā mea e rua ka taea te whakaiti mā ngā tikanga hauora a te iwi.

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Te Wero o te Tatau: Kia Pēhea te Tatau i ngā Mate Huhua?

Ko tēnei meka ka miharo te tini o te tangata: ko ngā tau e kite ana koe he whakataunga tata tonu, ehara i te tatau tika. He onge te rārangi “huhua” hei take matua o te mate i runga i te tiwhikete mate. Nā reira, kia pēhea te tatau i ngā mate huhua?

He uaua te tukanga. Ko te huakita huhua he tino rangatira ki te huna i roto i ngā rekoata mana. Ka ngoikore ai te tinana, ka whakarite ai i te ara mo ngā take mate tata ake. Koinei te rerekētanga i waenganui i te mate na te huhua me te mate e honohono ana ki te huhua.

Whakaarohia pēnei:

• Ka mau tētahi kaumatua ki te huhua.
• Ka tino mumura tōna pūkahukahu nā te huakita huhua, ka arahi ki te niumonia huakita.
• Ka mate te turoro, ā, ko te “niumonia” te take mate i runga i te tiwhikete mate.

I tētahi atu āhuatanga, ka taea e te ahotea mumura o te mate huhua te timata i tētahi mate ngākau mate, te whiu rānei i tētahi tangata whai mate ngākau. I roto i ēnei take e rua, ko te huhua te mea nā, engari kāore e whai “kēkē” i te rekoata mana. Inā, ko te mate huhua me te mate niumonia ka whakaurua ki roto i ngā tau mate nā te mea e tino honoa ana rāua.

Ki te whakatika i tēnei kore-rēhita, ka whakamahi ngā rōpū pēnei i te CDC i ngā tauira tauanga tino pai. Ka titiro rātou ki te “mate nui”—te tau o ngā mate kei runga ake i te taumata tūmanakohia i te kaupeka huhua—ā, ka whakawhiti tēnei ki te reiti materoto me ngā raraunga huhua kua whakamanatia e te taiwhanga hei whakatau i te taumaha tūturu o te mate (pūtake). Ko tēnei tauira e homai ana ki a tātou tētahi whakautu tino tika ake ki te pātai, “kia tokohia ngā tāngata ka mate i te huhua ia tau?”

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Ko Wai Ka Tino Mōrearea ki ngā Pānga Kino o te Huhua?

Ahakoa ka taea e te tangata te mate kino mai i te huhua, ehara te huakita i te tino taumaha ki katoa. Ko te whakautu ki te pātai, “He kino te huhua? Kia pēhea te reiti mate?” ka tino whakawhirinaki ki te pakeke me te hauora o te tangata. Ko ētahi rōpū ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka whai pānga kino pēnei i te niumonia, te mare, me ngā mate hiku, ka taea te mate ki te materoto, ki te mate rānei.

Anei te wehenga o ko wai ka tino mōrearea ki ngā pānga kino o te huhua:

• Ngā Pakeke 65 tau, me te pakeke ake: Ko te tinana kaumātua kare e kaha ki te mate, nā reira ka nui ake ngā reiti o te materoto me te mate huhua ki ngā kaumātua.
• Ngā tamariki kei raro i te 5 tau, āe, ko ngā kohungahunga kei raro i te 6 marama: Ko ngā tamariki iti kare i āta tipu ngā tinana. Ko ngā kohungahunga tino mōrearea nā te mea kaore rātou i te pakeke ki te kōpiri.
• Ngā wahine hapū: Ko ngā huringa homoni i te wā o te hapūtanga ka pā ki te tinana, te ngākau, me te pūkahukahu, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te mate kino mai i te huhua ki ngā hapū (pūtake).
• Ngā tāngata whai mate rongoa: Ka taea e te huhua te kino ake ngā raruraru hauora roa. Kei roto i ēnei ko te hunga whai:
  • Asthma me ētahi atu mate pūkahukahu roa
  • Nga mate ngākau me te whiu
  • Diabetes
  • Ngā mate whatukuhu, ate rānei
  • Ngā mate nerve
• Ngā tāngata he ngoikore te tinana: Kei roto i ēnei ko te hunga whai HIV/AIDS, ngā tūroro ka mate pukupuku e tango rongoā te kaha, me te hunga e tango rongoā te kaha mō te roa, me ētahi atu rongoā ka ngoikore ai te tinana.

Mō ēnei tāngata, ka tere te puta mai o te huhua mai i te mate ka taea te whakahaere ki tētahi raru ka mate ai.

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Me Pēhea Koe e Āwhina i te Aukati i ngā Mate Huhua

Ka nui ngā tau ka kaha te pā, engari ko te mea nui rawa atu ko te whai kōwhiringa kaha tātou mō te aukati mate huhua. Ko ēnei he mahi ngawari, kua whāia e pā ana ki te tiaki i a koe, i tō whānau, me tō hapori.

1. Kia whiwhi koe i te Kōpiri Huhua ia Tau (Te Utauta Matua)

Ko te huarahi pai ki te aukati i te huhua ko te kōpiri ia tau. Ko te kōpiri huhua he haumaru, he pai. Ka whakahihiko i tō tinana kia mōhio ai, kia whawhai ai ki te huakita. Ahakoa kāore i te 100% te tino pono, ko te kōpiri ka iti ake te tūponotanga ka mate koe. A ki te mate koe, ka iti ake te mate, ka tino whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te materoto me te mate (pūtake).

2. Whakamahia ngā Tikanga Hauora Pai

Ko ēnei ngā akoranga i ako tātou katoa (me te ako anō) i te wā o te mate urutā:

• Horoi auau i ō ringaringa ki te hopi me te wai, me te whakamahi rānei i te horoi ringaringa waipiro.
• A ape i te pa ki ō kanohi, ihu, me te waha, nā te mea ko tēnei te ara matua o te tomo o te huakita ki roto i te tinana.
• Kāpohia āu mare me āu ihuoma ki te kopa pepa, ki te tuke rānei.
• Noho ki te kāinga ka mate koe kia kore ai e horapa te huakita ki ētahi atu.

3. Whakaarohia ngā Rongoā Whakaora

Ki te mate koe i te huhua, āe, ki te mea he tino mōrearea koe, whakapā atu ki tō tākuta i te wā tonu. Ka taea e rātou te whakahaere rongoā whakaora pēnei i te oseltamivir (Tamiflu). Ko ēnei rongoā ka tino pai rawa atu ki te timata i roto i te 48 haora o ngā tohu tuatahi—e kaha ana te puta ko te kirikā, te mamae o te tinana, te makariri, me te ngenge. Ka taea e te rongoā whakaora te whakaiti i tō mate, te whakapoto i te wā e mate ana koe, me te aukati i ngā raruraru nui (pūtake).

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Whakautunga: Kia Nui te Whakaaro ki te Huhua

Nā reira, kia tokohia ngā tāngata ka mate i te huhua ia tau? He maha. He rau mano puta noa i te ao me te tekau mano ki roto i te US i te wā noa. He huakita nui tēnei me te pānga nui engari kaore e rite, ā, ko te tatauranga tūturu he uaua ki te ine nā te hononga o ngā raruraru huhua.

Ehara ngā tau i te mea hei whakaputa mataku, engari hei āta whakaaro ki te huakita me te kaha ki te mahi. Ahakoa kaore e taea e tātou te whakahaere ko wai ngā momo huhua ka hīrere a te takurua e tū mai nei, ka taea e tātou te whakahaere i tā tātou whakarite. E mōhio ana tātou ko wai ka tino mōrearea ki ngā pānga kino o te huhua, ā, he utauta haumaru, he pai hoki tātou hei tiaki i a rātou.

Kaua e iti te whakaaro ki te huhua. Tiakina koe me tō hapori mā te whiwhi i tō kōpiri huhua ia tau.