Amnesia

Ko te amnesia te ngaro o ngā maharatanga, tae atu ki ngā meka, ngā mōhiohio me ngā wheako. Ko ngā kiriata me te pouaka whakaata e whakaatu ana i te amnesia hei wareware i tō tuakiri, engari ehara i te mea pērā te tikanga i te ao tūturu.

Engari, ko te nuinga o te hunga e pangia ana e te amnesia—e kiia ana hoki ko te mate amnestic—e mōhio ana rātou ko wai rātou. Engari, akene ka uaua ki a rātou te ako i ngā mōhiohio hou me te hanga i ngā maharatanga hou.

Ka taea te puta mai o te amnesia i te pakaru o ngā wāhanga o te roro e tino nui ana mō te tukatuka maharatanga. Kāore i rite ki te wā poto o te ngaro o te mahara, e kiia ana ko te amnesia ao whānui tūturu, ka taea te mau tonu o te amnesia.

Kāore he rongoā motuhake mō te amnesia, engari ka taea te whakahaere i te rongoā ki te take taketake. Ka taea e ngā tohutohu hei awhina i te whakapakari i te mahara me te whiwhi tautoko te awhina i te hunga e pangia ana e te amnesia me ō rātou whānau ki te whakatau.

Ko ngā āhuatanga nui e rua o te amnesia ko: Te raruraru ki te ako i ngā mōhiohio hou. Te raruraru ki te maumahara i ngā kaupapa o mua me ngā mōhiohio i mohiotia rawa atu. Ko te nuinga o te hunga e pangia ana e te amnesia e raruraru ana ki te mahara poto, nā reira e kore ai e taea e rātou te pupuri i ngā mōhiohio hou. Ko ngā mahara hou ka ngāwari te ngaro. Ka ora pea ngā mahara tawhiti atu, kāore rānei i hohonu te whakatū. Hei tauira, ka taea e te iwi te whakamahara i ngā wheako mai i te tamarikitanga, kāore rānei e mohio ki ngā ingoa o ngā perehitini o mua. Engari, ka kore pea e taea e rātou te whakahua i te perehitini o nāianei, te marama rānei, te mea rānei i kai ai rātou hei parāoa. Kāore te ngaro o te mahara motuhake e pā ana ki te mohio o te tangata, te mātauranga whānui, te matauranga, te roa o te aro. Kāore hoki e pā ana ki te whakatau, ki te tuakiri, ki te tuakiri. Ko te nuinga o te hunga e pangia ana e te amnesia ka taea te mārama ki ngā kupu i tuhituhia me ngā kupu i kōrerotia, ā, ka taea te ako i ngā pūkenga penei i te eke paihikara, te whakatangi piaano rānei. Ka taea pea e rātou te mārama kei te mate mahara rātou. Kāore te amnesia e rite ki te mate dementia. Ko te mate dementia e whakauru pinepine ana i te ngaro o te mahara, engari kei roto hoki ētahi atu raruraru ki te whakaaro e ārahi ana ki te heke o te mahi o ia rā. Kei roto i ēnei raruraru te raruraru ki te reo, te whakatau me ngā pūkenga tirohanga-wāhi. Ko te ngaro o te mahara he tohu noa hoki o te ngoikoretanga mohio ngawari. Kei roto i tēnei mate te mahara me ētahi atu raruraru mohio kāore i te kino penei i te hunga e pā ana ki te mate dementia. I runga i te take o te amnesia, ka uru pea ētahi atu tohu: Ngā mahara teka i hanga katoa ake rānei, he mahara pono rānei i whakatūria i te wā. Te whakapohehe, te kore rānei e āta mohio. Ko te tangata katoa e pā ana ki te ngaro o te mahara kaore i whakamāramatia, te whara o te upoko, te whakapohehe rānei, me kimi tonu te awhina hauora. Ka kore pea e mohio te hunga e pangia ana e te amnesia kei hea rātou, te kimi rānei i te tiaki hauora. Ki te mea kei te pangia tetahi e mohiotia ana e koe e ngā tohu o te amnesia, āwhina i te tangata kia whiwhi i te tiaki hauora.

Ko te tangata katoa e pā ana ki te ngaro o te mahara e kore e mōhiotia, te whara o te matenga, te whakapohehe rānei, me āta whai kia āwhina wawe. Ka pea kore e mōhio ngā tāngata e pangia ana e te amnesia kei hea rātou, kāore rānei e taea te kimi i te rongoā. Ki te pēnei tetahi e mōhiotia ana e koe, āwhina ia ki te tiki i te rongoā.

Ko ngā mahi mahara tikanga e whakamahi ana i ngā wāhanga maha o te roro. E taea ana e tetahi mate rānei whara rānei e pā ana ki te roro te pānga ki te mahara.

Ka taea e te amnesia te puta mai i te pakaru o ngā hanganga o te roro e hanga ana i te pūnaha limbic, e whakahaere ana i ngā kare-a-roto me ngā whakamahara. Kei roto i ēnei te thalamus e kitea ana i roto i te pokapū o te roro. Kei roto anō hoki ēnei i ngā hanganga hippocampal e kitea ana i roto i ngā lobes temporal o te roro.

Ko te amnesia e puta mai ana i te whara o te roro, e kiia ana ko te amnesia neurological. Ko ētahi take pea o te amnesia neurological:

• Te pōka.
• Te mumura o te roro, ā, pea he mate pūngāwerewere pērā i te huaketo herpes simplex. Rānei pea he hua o te tauhohenga autoimmune ki te mate pukupuku kei tetahi wāhi o te tinana. Pea anō hoki he hua o te tauhohenga autoimmune i te kore o te mate pukupuku.
• Kāore i te ranea te hāora i roto i te roro. Pea ka puta mai tēnei hei hua o te mate ngākau, te mamae manawa rānei te poihana monoxide kāriki.
• Te whakamahinga wa roa o te waiū e ārai ana i te iti o te hua B-1, e kiia ana ko te thiamin, i roto i te tinana. Ki te pēnei, ka kiia ko te mate Wernicke-Korsakoff.
• Ngā pūngāwerewere i ngā wāhi o te roro e whakahaere ana i te mahara.
• Te mate Alzheimer me ētahi atu mate e pā ana ki te whakaheke o te kiko nerve.
• Ngā hopu.
• Ētahi rongoā pērā i ngā benzodiazepines, rānei ētahi atu e mahi ana hei whakangāwari.

Ko ngā whara o te matenga e pā ana ki te concussion, ahakoa mai i te aituā waka rānei hākinakina rānei, ka ārai pea ki te whakaware me ngā raruraru ki te mahara i ngā mōhiohio hou. He tino noa tēnei i ngā wā tuatahi o te ora ake. Ko ngā whara iti o te matenga e kore pea e ārai ki te amnesia roa, engari ko ngā whara nui ake o te matenga pea ka ārai ki te amnesia pumau.

Ko tētahi atu momo amnesia onge, e kiia ana ko te amnesia dissociative, e puta mai ana i te ohorere ngakau rānei te mamae rānei. Ka taea te puta mai i te whai i te hara tutu rānei te wheako i ētahi atu mamae rānei. I roto i tēnei mate, pea ka ngaro ngā whakamahara whaiaro me ngā mōhiohio mō ō rātou oranga. Ko te ngaro o te mahara he poto noa iho.

Ko te tūpono o te whanaketanga o te amnesia pea ka piki mena kua pā atu koe ki:

• Tātaritanga roro, whara o te matenga, mau te kino ranei.
• Mate toto.
• Tukino waipiro.
• Nga hopu.

Kei te rerekē te kaha me te whānui o te amnesia. Engari ahakoa te amnesia ngawari, ka pā te mate ki ngā mahi o ia rā me te kounga o te oranga. Ka taea e te mate te whakaputa i ngā raruraru i te wāhi mahi, i te kura, me ngā huihuinga pāpori.

Ka pea kore e taea te whakahoki mai i ngā whakamahara ngaro. Ko ētahi o te hunga he raruraru nui o te mahara, me whakahaere rātou, me noho rātou ki tētahi wāhi tiaki.

Ka taea e te whara o te roro te take take o te amnesia. He mea nui te mahi i nga mahi hei whakaiti i to tupono o te whara o te roro. Hei tauira:

• Kaua e inu nui te waipiro.
• Kakahuhia he potae ina e hikareti ana, me te whitiki nohoanga ina e taraiwa ana.
• Whakaorangia nga mate ngawari kia kaua e horapa ki te roro.
• Whiwhi i te rongoa hauora tonu mena he tohu kei a koe e whakaatu ana i te pēhanga toto roro, i te aneurysm roro ranei. Kei roto i aua tohu te mamae o te upoko, te ngenge o tetahi taha o te tinana, te kore ranei e taea te neke i tetahi taha o te tinana.

Ka tīmata te aromatawai me te hītori hauora taipitopito. Nō te mea pea ka kore e taea e te tangata e ngaro ana te mahara te tuku i ngā korero tino tika, he whānau, he hoa rānei, he kaiāwhina atu te nuinga e tuku ana i ngā korero.

Ka ui pea tō kaiwhakarato hauora ki a koe i ētahi pātai hei awhina i te mārama ki te ngaro o te mahara. Ko ngā take pea ka whakatauhia ko:

• Te momo ngaro o te mahara me te mea he hou, he tawhiti rānei.
• Nō hea i tīmata ai ngā raruraru mahara, me pēhea te ahu whakamua.
• Ngā take i whakaoho ai ngā raruraru mahara, pēnei i te whara o te matenga, te pēhanga, te pokanga rānei.
• Te hītori whānau, inā koa te mate neurological.
• Te whakamahinga rongoā me te waipiro.
• Ētahi atu tohu pēnei i te whakapohehe, ngā raruraru reo, ngā huringa o te ahua, te kore rānei e taea te tiaki i a koe.

Ka uru pea te whakamātautau tinana ki te whakamātautau neurological hei tirotiro i ngā reflexes, te mahi pūngao me te toenga.

Ko te whakamātautau te nuinga e whakauru ana i ngā whakamātautau e pā ana ki te whakaaro, te whakatau, me te mahara hou me te tawhiti. Ka ui atu koe ki tō mōhiotanga ki ngā korero whānui—pēnei i te ingoa o te perehitini o nāianei—me ngā korero whaiaro me ngā kaupapa o mua. Ka ui pea koe kia whakahokia he rārangi kupu.

Ka taea e te aromatawai mahara te awhina i te whakatau i te nui o te ngaro o te mahara me te tuku i ngā whakaaro mō te momo āwhina pea e hiahia ana koe.

Ka tono pea hoki tō kaiwhakarato hauora:

• Ngā whakamātautau whakaahua—tae atu ki te MRI me te CT scan—hei tirotiro i te kino o te roro, i ngā huringa pēnei i te whakaiti rānei.
• Ngā whakamātautau toto hei tirotiro i te mate, ngā ngoikore kai, i ētahi atu take rānei.
• He electroencephalogram (EEG) hei tirotiro i te āhua o te mahi hopu.

Ko te whakaora i te amnesia te āta whakaaro ki ngā rautaki hei awhina i te whakakapi i te raruraru mahara. He mea nui hoki te whakahaere i ngā mate e arai ana i te amnesia.

Āta haere tahi koe ki tētahi kaiwhakaora mahi hei ako i ngā mōhiohio hou, ā, hei whakakapi i ngā mea i ngaro. Ā, rawa atu rānei e whakamahi ana koe i ngā whakamahara e ora tonu ana hei turanga mō te tango i ngā mōhiohio hou.

Ka uru pea te whakangungu mahara ki ngā rautaki mō te whakarite i ngā mōhiohio kia ngāwari ake te mahara, ā, mō te pai ake o te mārama i te kōrero ki ētahi atu.

He tokomaha ngā tāngata e pangia ana e te amnesia e kite ana i te whakamahi i ngā hangarau mohio, pēnei i te waea atamai, i te papa rānei, hei āwhina. Mā te whakangungu me te mahi, ahakoa ngā tāngata e pangia ana e te amnesia nui, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā kaiwhakahaere hiko hei āwhina i ngā mahi o ia rā. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakarite i ngā waea atamai kia whakamahara i ngā kaupapa nui, i te inu rānei i ngā rongoā.

Kāhore he rongoā e wātea ana i tēnei wā mō te nuinga o ngā momo amnesia.

Mēnā ko te mate o Wernicke-Korsakoff te take o te amnesia, ka taea e te whakaora te ārai i ngā āhuatanga kino atu. Engari, ehara i te mea ka ora ngā tāngata katoa i ngā mahara i ngaro. Kei roto i te whakaora te whakakapi i te thiamin i roto i te tinana, te whakarato i te kai tika, ā, te kore e inu waipiro.

Mēnā ko te mate Alzheimer te take o te amnesia, ka taea e te whakaora me ngā rongoā e kiia nei ko ngā kaiwhakawehe cholinesterase te āwhina i ngā tohu.

Ka ārahi pea ngā rangahau ki ngā whakaora hou mō ngā mate mahara. Engari, ko te uaua o ngā mahi o te roro e whakauru ana, ka kore pea e taea e tētahi rongoā te whakatau i ngā raruraru mahara.

Ka taea te whakapouri te noho tahi me te amnesia mō te hunga e ngaro ana te mahara, ā, mō ō rātou whānau me ō rātou hoa hoki. Ka hiahia pea ngā tāngata e pangia ana e ngā momo amnesia nui ake ki te awhina tika mai i te whānau, i ngā hoa, i ngā kaiāwhina ngaio rānei.

Ka taea te awhina te kōrero ki ētahi atu e mārama ana ki te mea e haere ana koe. Ka taea pea e rātou te whakarato i ngā tohutohu, i ngā tohu rānei mō te noho tahi me te amnesia. Pātai atu ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora kia tūtohutia he rōpū tautoko i tō rohe mō te hunga e pangia ana e te amnesia me ō rātou whānau aroha.

Mēnā ka kitea tētahi take take mō te amnesia, he whakahaere motu e taea ana te whakarato i ngā mōhiohio atu me te tautoko. Hei tauira:

• Alzheimer's Association, 800-272-3900 (kore utu).
• Brain Injury Association of America, 800-444-6443 (kore utu).

Kaore he uauatanga