He aha te Aphasia? Ngā Tohutohu, Ngā Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ko te aphasia tētahi mate korero e pā ana ki tō kaha ki te kōrero, te whakarongo, te pānui, te tuhituhi rānei. Ka puta mai i te pakaru o ngā pūkaha reo o tō roro, te nuinga mai i te pēhanga toto, te whara o te upoko rānei.

Whakaarohia te pūnaha reo o tō roro hei whatunga huarahi tino uaua. Ki te aukatitia, ki te pakaru rānei tētahi wāhanga o tēnei whatunga, kāore e taea e ngā karere te rere mā te ngāwari penei i te wā o mua. Kāore tēnei e whakaatu kua ngaro tō mātauranga, tō mōhio rānei – ko te tikanga ko ngā ara mō te whakaatu me te mārama ki te reo e hiahia ana ki ētahi atu tautoko.

He aha ngā tohu o te aphasia?

He rerekē ngā tohu o te aphasia i waenga i ngā tāngata, kei te whakawhirinaki ki te wāhanga o te roro i pā. Āta tirohia ngā huringa i te kōrero, te whakarongo, te pānui, te tuhituhi rānei – te whakakotahitanga rānei o ēnei wāhanga.

Ko ēnei ngā huarahi matua e puta ai te aphasia:

• Ngā raruraru kōrero: Pea ka uaua ki te kimi i ngā kupu tika, ki te kōrero i ngā kōrero poto, ki te whakamahi rānei i ngā kupu kāore e tika i roto i te kōrero.
• Ngā raruraru mārama: Ka uaua pea te whai i ngā kōrero, ina koa i ngā wā hākinakina.
• Ngā raruraru pānui: Pea ka kitea ngā kupu i te whārangi hei mea kōtiti, kāore rānei e whai tikanga.
• Ngā raruraru tuhituhi: Ka uaua pea te whakarite kupu, te whakatika, te hanga rānei i ngā kōrero katoa.
• Ngā uaua ki te kimi kupu: E mohio ana koe ki te mea e hiahia ana koe ki te kōrero, engari kāore e taea te kimi i te kupu motuhake.
• Ngā whakamahi kupu he: Pea ka puta mai ngā kōrero me ngā kupu i te rarangi he.

Ka taea e ēnei tohu te rereke mai i te ngawari ki te kino. Pea ka uaua noa ētahi ki ngā kōrero uaua, ā, pea ka uaua ētahi ki ngā kōrero o ia rā.

He aha ngā momo aphasia?

Ko te tikanga ka wehewehea e ngā tākuta te aphasia ki ētahi momo, kei te whakawhirinaki ki ngā pūkenga reo i pā nui atu. Ko te mārama ki tō momo motuhake ka āwhina i te maimoatanga me te whakatū i ngā tumanakohanga tika.

Te aphasia a Broca: Ko te nuinga ka pā ki tō kaha ki te kōrero mā te ngāwari. E mārama ana koe ki te nuinga o ngā mea e kōrerotia ana e ētahi atu, engari he uaua rawa te hanga i ngā kōrero katoa. Pea ka rongo te kōrero he poto, he kupu matua noa iho rānei.

Te aphasia a Wernicke: Ka pā atu ki te mārama atu i te kōrero. Pea ka kōrero koe i ngā kōrero roa, e kore e tino whai tikanga, ā, pea kāore koe e mohio kaore ētahi atu e whai i ngā mea e kōrerotia ana e koe.

Te aphasia whānui: Ka pā ki ngā wāhanga reo katoa. Ka uaua rawa te mārama me te kōrero, ahakoa ka taea tēnei te pai ake i te wā me te rongoā.

Te aphasia matua e haere tonu ana: Ka tupu haere tonu i te wā, ko te tikanga mai i ngā āhuatanga o te roro e whakahekeheke ana. Kāore i rite ki ētahi atu momo, ka kino haere tēnei i te wā, kāore i te puta mai i te wa poto.

He aha ngā take o te aphasia?

Ka puta te aphasia ina pakaru, ina rānei te whakawareware i ngā wāhanga reo o tō roro. Ko te take tino nui ko te pēhanga toto, ko te 85% pea o ngā keehi aphasia.

Ko ēnei ngā take matua:

• Pēhanga toto: Ina mutu te rere toto ki ngā kiko o te roro, ina rānei te pakaru o te oko toto.
• Te whara o te roro: Mai i ngā aituā waka, ngā hinga, ngā whara hākinakina rānei.
• Ngā mate pūngāwerewere o te roro: Ngā mea e pēhi ana, e wero ana rānei i ngā wāhanga reo.
• Ngā mate huaketo o te roro: Pēnei i te encephalitis, ngā keehi kino o te meningitis rānei.
• Ngā mate whakahekeheke: Pēnei i te mate Alzheimer, te mate dementia frontotemporal rānei.
• Ngā mate hopu: Ina koa ki te pā ngā hopu ki ngā pūkaha reo.

Kaore i te tino noa, ka puta mai te aphasia i te migraine me te aura, ētahi rongoā rānei, ngā āhuatanga tūturu e pā ana ki te mahi o te roro. Ko te rongo pai ko te nuinga o ngā take o te aphasia ka taea te whakaora, ā, he kaha te kaha whakaora o te roro.

Nōhea te haere ki te taote mō te aphasia?

Me rapu wawe koe i te awhina hauora ki te puta mai ngā raruraru reo i te wa poto, ina koa me ētahi atu tohu pēhanga toto. Ka taea e te tiaki hauora tere te whakarereke i ngā hua.

Karangahia ngā ratonga āwhina i te wa tonu ki te pā ki a koe, ki tētahi atu rānei te uaua ki te kōrero, ki te whakarongo, ki te kimi kupu rānei, ina koa me ēnei tohu whakatūpato:

• Te ngoikore ohorere i te taha kotahi o te tinana.
• Te heke, te ngenge rānei o te mata.
• Te mamae o te upoko nui, kāore i rite ki ētahi atu.
• Te māuiui, te ngaro rānei o te taurite.
• Ngā huringa tirohanga, te ngaro rānei.
• Te whakapohehe, te whakarerekētanga rānei o te mohio.

Mō ngā huringa reo e haere tonu ana i ngā wiki, ngā marama rānei, whakaritea he whakatau me tō taote. Ahakoa kāore i te tere, e hiahia ana ēnei huringa ki te arotake tika kia kitea ai te take me te tīmata i te maimoatanga tika.

He aha ngā take morearea mō te aphasia?

He maha ngā take ka piki ake tō tūponotanga ki te whāngai i te aphasia, ko te nuinga na te mea ka piki ake tō tūponotanga ki te pēhanga toto, ki te whara o te roro rānei. Ko te mārama ki ēnei take ka āwhina i a koe ki te tango i ngā mahi hei tiaki i tō hauora roro.

Ko ēnei ngā take morearea tino nui:

• Te pakeke neke atu i te 65: Ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te pēhanga toto i te wā e pakeke ana, ka noa ake te aphasia i ngā kaumātua.
• Te toto teitei: Ko te take morearea nui e taea te whakahaere mō te pēhanga toto.
• Te mate ngakau: Ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te atrial fibrillation ka ārahi ki ngā toto kōtiti.
• Te mate huka: Ka whakahekeheke te huka toto teitei i ngā oko toto i te wā.
• Te kai hikareti: Ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te pēhanga toto mā te whakahekeheke i ngā oko toto.
• Te kolesterol teitei: Ka ārahi pea ki ngā ārai i ngā uaua toto i te roro.
• Te hītori whānau: Ka taea e ngā take ira te awe i te tūponotanga o te pēhanga toto me te mate dementia.
• Te pēhanga toto, te TIA rānei i mua: Ko te wāhi kotahi ka piki ake te tūponotanga o tetahi atu.

Ko ētahi atu take morearea kāore i te tino noa ko ētahi mate toto, ngā āhuatanga mumura, me te hītori o ngā whara o te upoko. Ko te rongo pai ko te nuinga o ēnei take ka taea te whakahaere mā ngā huringa oranga me te tiaki hauora.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te aphasia?

Ka taea e te aphasia te hanga i ngā wero e pā atu ana ki ngā raruraru korero. Ka taea e ēnei raruraru te pā ki tō oranga hinengaro, ngā whanaungatanga, me tō motuhake o ia rā, engari ko te mohio ki a rātou ko te taahiraa tuatahi ki te whiwhi tautoko.

Ko ēnei ngā raruraru tino noa:

• Te pouri me te manukanuka: Ka ārahi pea te pouri ki te kōrero ki ngā huringa ngākau.
• Te wehe atu i te iwi: Pea ka karo koe i ngā āhuatanga pāpori ki te uaua te kōrero.
• Te pehanga whanaungatanga: Pea ka uaua ngā whānau me ngā hoa ki te whakarite ki ngā huringa kōrero.
• Ngā wero mahi: He maha ngā mahi e hiahia ana ki ngā pūkenga kōrero mārama.
• Ngā take haumaru: Ka kino pea te uaua ki te mārama, ki te whakaatu rānei i ngā āhuatanga āwhina.
• Te whakaheke i te motuhake: Ka uaua ngā mahi pēnei i te hokohoko, te whakahaere rānei i ngā whakatau.

I ngā keehi kāore i te noa, pea ka ārahi te aphasia kino ki ngā raruraru ki te horomia, ki ētahi atu mahi neurological rānei ki te whānui te pakaru o te roro. Engari, me te tautoko tika me te rongoā, ka ako te nuinga o ngā tāngata ki te mahi i ēnei wero me te pupuri i ngā oranga whai hua.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te aphasia i te kāinga?

Ko te noho me te aphasia i te kāinga e hiahia ana ki te manawanui me te auaha, engari he maha ngā rautaki mahi ka taea te whakamahi i ngā kōrero o ia rā. Ka taea e ngā huringa iti i tō taiao me ngā mahi te whakarereke nui.

Ko ēnei ngā huarahi whai hua ka taea e koe te whakamātau:

• Whakaitihia te haruru o muri: Whakawetohia te pouaka whakaata, te reo rānei i te wā e kōrero ana.
• Whakamahia ngā kōrero ngāwari: Kōrerohia mā te ngāwari me te mārama, kotahi whakaaro i te wā.
• Hoatu atu te wā: Tukua te wā nui mō te whakaaro me te whakautu.
• Whakamahia ngā āwhina tirohanga: Pupurihia ngā pikitia, ngā karere, me ngā whakamahara tuhituhi.
• Whakamahia ia rā: Ka āwhina ngā mahi kōrero auau ki te pupuri me te whakapai ake i ngā pūkenga.
• Noho hono: Pupurihia ngā whanaungatanga pāpori ahakoa he rerekē te kōrero.

Ka taea hoki e te hangarau te awhina nui. Ka taea e ngā taupānga waea atamai, ngā kaupapa papa, me ngā papa kōrero ngāwari te whakarite i ngā ārai ina kore ngā kupu e puta mā te ngāwari. Mahara ko te kōrero he nui atu i ngā kupu – ngā tohu, ngā āhua kanohi, me ngā tuhi katoa e tatau ana.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō whakatau me te taote?

Ko te whakarite mō tō whakatau ka āwhina i a koe ki te whiwhi i te nuinga o tō wā me te rōpū hauora. Ko te kawe mai i ngā korero tika me te tautoko ka taea te whakaputa i te haerenga nui ake, iti ake te ahotea.

I mua i tō whakatau:

• Rārangihia ō tohu: Tuhituhia ngā raruraru kōrero motuhake kua kitea e koe.
• Kawe mai tētahi kaiāwhina: Kia tū tetahi hei āwhina i te kōrero ki te hiahiatia.
• Kohikohia ngā rēkōta hauora: Kawe mai ngā korero mō ngā mate hou, ngā whara, ngā rongoā rānei.
• Whakaritea ngā pūrongo: Tuhituhia ngā mea e hiahia ana koe ki te ui mō ngā whiringa maimoatanga.
• Tātaihia ngā pānga o ia rā: Whakaatuhia te āhua o te aphasia ki ō mahi o ia rā.
• Kawe mai ngā korero inihua: Kia rite ō kāri inihua me ngā tuhinga tohutoro.

Kaua e manukanuka ki te uaua te kōrero i te wā o te whakatau. He wheako ngā kaiwhakarato hauora e mahi ana me te aphasia i ngā huarahi kōrero maha, ā, ka mahi ngāwari rātou ki a koe ki te mārama ki ō hiahia me ō awangawanga.

He aha te mea nui mō te aphasia?

Ko te aphasia tētahi mate korero e pā ana ki ngā pūkenga reo i muri i te whara o te roro, te pakaru rānei, engari kāore e whakarerekē i a koe hei tangata. E noho tonu ana tō mātauranga, ngā mōhio, me tō ahua – ko ngā ara anake mō te whakaatu me te mārama ki te reo e hiahia ana ki te tautoko.

He rerekē te ahua o te ora mō te katoa, ā, ka taea te whakapai ake mō ngā marama, ngā tau rānei me te maimoatanga tika. Ka ako te nuinga o ngā tāngata ki te kōrero mā te whakamahi i te rongoā kōrero, ngā huarahi atu, me ngā rautaki tautoko.

Ko te mea nui rawa kia mahara ko te aphasia ka taea te whakahaere. Me te manawanui, te mahi, me te rōpū tautoko tika, ka taea e koe te pupuri i ngā whanaungatanga whai hua me te haere tonu ki te noho i te oranga whai hua. Kaua e whakaroa ki te tono awhina – kei reira ngā tohunga kōrero, ngā rōpū tautoko, me ngā rōpū hauora hei aratohu i a koe i tēnei haerenga.

Ngā pūrongo e ui ana mō te aphasia

U1: Ka taea te pai ake te aphasia i a ia ano?

Ka taea te whakapai ake i te wa poto i muri i te whara o te roro, engari ka piki ake te rongoā kōrero i ō tūponotanga ki te ora pai ake. He kaha te kaha whakaora o te roro, ina koa me te mahi tika me te aratohu ngaio. Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata ka kite i ngā hua pai ina whakakotahi rātou i te ora taiao me te rongoā whakarite.

U2: Ka pā te aphasia ki te mātauranga?

Kāo, kāore te aphasia e pā ki tō mātauranga, ngā mōhio, ngā kaha whakaaro rānei. Ka pā motuhake ki ngā pūkaha reo o tō roro, kāore ki tō mahi hinengaro katoa. Ko koe tonu te tangata kotahi me te mōhio me ngā wheako – e hiahia ana koe ki ētahi atu huarahi ki te whakaatu me te mārama ki te reo.

U3: Ka taea e ngā taitama te whiwhi aphasia?

Ae, ahakoa kāore i te tino noa i ngā taitama. Ka taea e ngā tamariki me ngā pakeke i raro i te 65 te whāngai i te aphasia mai i ngā whara o te upoko, ngā mate pūngāwerewere o te roro, ngā mate huaketo, ngā āhuatanga ira tino noa rānei. Ko te nuinga o ngā roro taitama ka whakaatu i ngā kaha whakaora whakamiharo, ā, ka taea e ngā tamariki te whakawhanake i ngā rautaki utu whakamiharo.

U4: E hia te roa o te ora ake o te aphasia?

He rerekē te ora ake i waenga i ngā tāngata. Ka kite ētahi i te whakapai ake nui i roto i ngā marama ono tuatahi, ā, ka haere tonu ētahi ki te whakapai ake mō ngā tau. Ko ngā take nui ko te take me te whānui o te pakaru o te roro, te tere o te tīmatanga o te maimoatanga, me tō whakapau kaha ki ngā mahi rongoā.

U5: Ka taea e ngā mema whānau te āwhina i te ora ake o te aphasia?

Ae rawa. He mea nui te whakauru whānau mō te angitu o te ora ake. Ko te ako i ngā rautaki kōrero, te mahi tahi i ngā mahi, me te whakarato tautoko ngākau katoa e whakarereke nui ana. He maha ngā kaupapa rongoā kōrero e whakauru ana i te whakangungu whānau hei āwhina i te katoa ki te kōrero nui ake me te tautoko.