Anemia Aplastic

Ko te mate toto aplastic he āhuatanga e puta mai ana ina mutu te hanga i te nui o ngā pūtau toto hou e tō tinana. Ka waiho koe e te āhuatanga nei i te ngenge me te tūkino atu ki ngā mate me te toto kore e āhei te whakahaere.

He āhuatanga onge me te kino, ka taea te whanake i te mate toto aplastic i tetahi tau. Ka taea te puta mai ohorere, ka taea rānei te puta haere māmā ka kino haere i te wā. Ka taea te ngawari, te kino rānei.

Ko te maimoatanga mō te mate toto aplastic pea ka uru atu ngā rongoā, ngā whakawhitinga toto, te whakawhiti pūtau whāriki rānei, e mohiotia ana hoki ko te whakawhiti wheua wheua.

Ka taea pea te koretake o te mate toto aplastic. Ki te puta, ko nga tohu me nga tohu ka uru ki:

• Nga ngenge
• Te poto o te manawa
• Te tere, te kore ranei o te ngakau
• Te kiri ma
• Nga mate maha, roa ranei
• Te whara ngawari, te koretake ranei
• Te ihu toto me te toto i nga niho
• Te toto roa mai i nga wahi motuhake
• Te pupuhi o te kiri
• Te wiri
• Te mamae o te upoko
• Te kirika

Ka taea te poto o te mate toto aplastic, ka taea hoki te roa. Ka taea te kino, te mate ranei.

Kaore he uauatanga

Ko ngā pūtau whanaunga i roto i te wheua iwi e hanga ana i ngā pūtau toto—ngā pūtau whero, ngā pūtau ma, me ngā pūtau toto. I te mate toto kore-hanga, ka pakaru ngā pūtau whanaunga. Ko te hua, ka kore noa te wheua iwi (aplastic) te wāhi ranei e torutoru ana ngā pūtau toto (hypoplastic).

Ko te mate toto aplastic he mea onge. Ko ngā take ka piki ai te tūponotanga ko ēnei:

• Te whakamahinga i te radiation nui teitei, te chemotherapy rānei mō te mate pukupuku
• Te whakakī i ngā matū kawa
• Te whakamahinga i ētahi rongoā tākuto — pēnei i te chloramphenicol, e whakamahia ana hei whakaora i ngā mate huaketo, me ngā wāhanga koura e whakamahia ana hei whakaora i te mate ngāngā rheumatoid
• Ngā mate toto, ngā mate ā-tinana whai-ā-kino, me ngā mate kino nui
• Te hapu, he mea onge

Kaore he uauatanga

Kāore he rongoā whakamātautau mō te nuinga o ngā mate o te mate toto kore. Ko te karo i te whakamahinga o ngā pūhui pepeke, ngā pūhui taru, ngā whakarewa matū, ngā kai tango tae me ētahi atu matū kawa pea ka whakaiti i tō tūponotanga ki te mate.

Ko ēnei whakamātautau e whai ake nei ka āhei te awhina i te whakatau i te mate toto kore-hangai:

I roto i te tango toto wheua, ka whakamahi te kaiwhakarato hauora i te ngira angiangi hei tango i te iti o te wai wheua wheua, i te nuinga mai i tetahi waahi i muri i tō wheua huha (pūnaha). I te nuinga o te wā ka mahia te tātaritanga wheua wheua i te wā kotahi. Ka tangohia e tēnei tukanga tuarua tetahi wāhanga iti o te kōeke wheua me te wheua i roto.

Ina kua whiwhi koe i te whakatau o te mate toto kore-hangai, pea ka hiahia koe ki ētahi atu whakamātautau hei whakatau i te take.

• Ngā whakamātautau toto. I te nuinga, ka noho nga taumata o te pūtau toto whero, te pūtau toto ma, me te pūtau toto iti i roto i ētahi tawhā. I roto i te mate toto kore-hangai, e toru katoa ēnei taumata pūtau toto kei raro.
• Tātaritanga wheua wheua. Ka whakamahi te taakuta i te ngira hei tango i te tauira iti o te wheua wheua mai i tetahi wheua nui i roto i tō tinana, pēnei i tō wheua huha. Ka tirotirohia te tauira i raro i te microscope hei whakakore i ētahi atu mate e pā ana ki te toto. I roto i te mate toto kore-hangai, he iti ake te maha o ngā pūtau toto i roto i te wheua wheua i te noa. Ko te whakau i te whakatau o te mate toto kore-hangai e hiahia ana ki te tātaritanga wheua wheua.

Ko ngā rongoā mō te mate toto kore-whakauru, ka whakawhirinaki ki te kino o tō mate me tō tau, ka uru pea ki te tirotiro, ki te whakawhānuitanga toto, ki ngā rongoā rānei, ki te whakawhiti i te wheua wheua. Ko te mate toto kore-whakauru kino, kei reira te iti rawa o te taumaha o ō pūtau toto, he mate ngākau, ā, he mea tika kia noho wātea tonu ki te whare hauora.

Ahakoa ehara i te rongoā mō te mate toto kore-whakauru, ka taea e te whakawhānuitanga toto te whakahaere i te toto me te whakaora i ngā tohu mā te whakarato i ngā pūtau toto kāore tou wheua wheua e whakaputa. Ka whiwhi pea koe ki:

Ahakoa kāore he rohe whānui mō te maha o ngā whakawhānuitanga toto ka taea e koe te whiwhi, ka puta mai pea ngā raruraru i ētahi wā me ngā whakawhānuitanga maha. Kei roto i ngā pūtau toto whero kua whakawhāuria te rino ka taea te kohikohi ki roto i tō tinana, ā, ka taea te whakarahi i ngā tūpuna nui mena kāore i te rongoā te nui o te rino. Ka taea e ngā rongoā te awhina i te tango i te nui o te rino i roto i tō tinana.

I te roa o te wā ka taea e tō tinana te whakawhanake i ngā antibodi ki ngā pūtau toto kua whakawhāuria, ka meinga ai te iti o te whakaora i ngā tohu. Ko te whakamahinga o te rongoā whakaiti-mate ka meinga ai te iti o tēnei raruraru.

Ko te whakawhiti i te pūtau pūtau hei hanga hou i te wheua wheua me ngā pūtau pūtau mai i tētahi kaihoko pea ko te huarahi rongoā angitu anake mō te hunga he mate toto kore-whakauru kino. Ko te whakawhiti i te pūtau pūtau, e kiia ana hoki ko te whakawhiti i te wheua wheua, ko te tikanga rongoā te whiringa mō te hunga kua iti ake te tau, ā, he kaihoko rite—he teina te nuinga.

Mena ka kitea tētahi kaihoko, ka whakakorea tuatahi tō wheua wheua mate me te radiation, rānei te chemotherapy. Ka tātaritatia ngā pūtau pūtau hauora mai i te toto. Ka whakauruhia ngā pūtau pūtau hauora ki roto i tō awa toto, kei reira rātou ka neke ki ngā kōhao wheua wheua, ā, ka tīmata te hanga i ngā pūtau toto hou.

Ko te tukanga he mea tika kia noho roa ki te whare hauora. I muri i te whakawhiti, ka whiwhi koe i ngā rongoā hei āwhina i te aukati i te whakakahorenga o ngā pūtau pūtau kua hoatu.

He tūponotanga te whakawhiti i te pūtau pūtau. Ka taea e tō tinana te whakakahore i te whakawhiti, ka arahi ai ki ngā raruraru mate ngākau. I tua atu, ehara i te hunga katoa he kaitono mō te whakawhiti, rānei ka taea te kimi i tētahi kaihoko tika.

Mō te hunga kāore e taea te mahi i te whakawhiti wheua wheua, rānei mō te hunga he mate toto kore-whakauru na te mate ā-tinana, ka uru pea te rongoā ki ngā rongoā e whakarereke ana, rānei e whakaiti ana i te pūnaha ā-mate (immunosuppressants).

Ko ngā rongoā penei i te cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune) me te anti-thymocyte globulin ka whakaiti i te mahi o ngā pūtau ā-mate e whakarahi ana i tō wheua wheua. Ka āwhina tēnei i tō wheua wheua kia ora, ā, kia whakaputa i ngā pūtau toto hou. Ko te cyclosporine me te anti-thymocyte globulin te nuinga o te whakamahi tahi.

Ko ngā corticosteroids, penei i te methylprednisolone (Medrol, Solu-Medrol), te nuinga o te whakamahi tahi me ēnei rongoā.

Ahakoa he whai hua, ka whakaiti atu ēnei rongoā i tō pūnaha ā-mate. He mea tika hoki kia hoki mai te mate toto i muri i te mutu o ēnei rongoā.

Ko ētahi rongoā—kei roto ngā mea whakakore-pūtau, penei i te sargramostim (Leukine), filgrastim (Neupogen) me te pegfilgrastim (Neulasta), epoetin alfa (Epogen/Procrit), me te eltrombopag (Promacta)—ka āwhina i te whakakore i te wheua wheua kia whakaputa i ngā pūtau toto hou. Ko ngā mea whakatipu te nuinga o te whakamahi tahi me ngā rongoā whakaiti-mate.

Ko te mate toto kore-whakauru ka whakaiti i tō pūnaha ā-mate, ka waiho koe kia nui ake te mate ki ngā mate.

Mena he mate toto kore-whakauru tōu, tirohia tō tākuta i te tohu tuatahi o te mate, penei i te kirika. Kāore koe e hiahia kia kino ake te mate, no te mea ka taea te mate ngākau. Mena he mate toto kore-whakauru kino tōu, ka tukuna pea e tō tākuta ngā rongoā antibiotic, rānei antiviral hei āwhina i te aukati i ngā mate.

Ko te mate toto kore-whakauru i puta mai i ngā rongoā radiation me te chemotherapy mō te mate pukupuku te nuinga o te pai ake i muri i te mutu o aua rongoā. Ko te mea ano tenei mō te nuinga o ētahi atu rongoā e whakaohooho ana i te mate toto kore-whakauru.

Ko ngā wāhine hapu he mate toto kore-whakauru ka rongoātia ki te whakawhānuitanga toto. Mō te maha o ngā wāhine, ka pai ake te mate toto kore-whakauru e pā ana ki te hapu i te mutunga o te hapu. Mena kāore tena e puta, he mea tika tonu te rongoā.

• Ngā pūtau toto whero. Ka whakaarahia ēnei i te taumaha o ngā pūtau toto whero, ā, ka āwhina i te whakaora i te mate toto me te ngenge.
• Ngā platelets. Ka āwhina ēnei ki te aukati i te nui o te toto.

Ki te pēhea koe e pāngia ana e te mate toto aplastic, kia tiaki koe i a koe ano mā te:

• Te okioki ina hiahia koe. Ka taea e te mate toto te whakaeke i te ngenge me te poto o te manawa ahakoa he iti te kaha. Tangohia he okioki ina hiahia koe.
• Te karo i ngā hākinakina whakapā. Nō te tūponotanga o te totohe e hono ana ki te tokoiti o ngā pūtau toto, karohia ngā mahi ka taea te kotinga, te hinga rānei.
• Te tiaki i a koe ano i ngā mate huaketo. Horoihia ō ringa i te wā katoa, ā, karohia ngā tāngata māuiui. Ki te puta mai tētahi kirika, ki ētahi atu tohu rānei o te mate, tirohia tō tākuta mō te rongoā.