Arthritis

Ko te osteoarthritis, te momo mate khớp tino noa, e pā ana ki te ngaro o te cartilage e hipoki ana i ngā wheua i roto i ōu hononga. Ko te mate khớp rheumatoid he mate e whakaeke ana te pūnaha ārai mate i ngā hononga, mā te tīmata i te papanga o ngā hononga.

Ko te mate khớp te pupuhi me te mamae o tetahi hononga, atu rānei. Ko ngā tohu matua o te mate khớp ko te mamae o te hononga me te ngoikore, e tino kino ake ana i te pakeke. Ko ngā momo mate khớp tino noa ko te osteoarthritis me te rheumatoid arthritis.

Ka pā te osteoarthritis ki te cartilage—te kiko pakeke, ngawari e hipoki ana i ngā pito o ngā wheua i te wā e hanga ana i te hononga—kia pakaru. Ko te mate khớp rheumatoid he mate e whakaeke ana te pūnaha ārai mate i ngā hononga, mā te tīmata i te papanga o ngā hononga.

Ka taea e ngā konganuku waikawa uric, e hanga ana ina nui rawa te waikawa uric i roto i tō toto, te whakaeke i te gout. Ka taea e ngā mate pāwera, ētahi atu rānei mate, pēnei i te psoriasis, te lupus rānei, te whakaeke i ētahi atu momo mate khớp.

He rerekē ngā rongoā i runga i te momo mate khớp. Ko ngā whāinga matua o ngā rongoā mate khớp ko te whakaiti i ngā tohu me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te ora.

Ko ngā tohu me ngā pūāhua tino noa o te mate rewiti e pā ana ki ngā hononga. Kei te whakawhirinaki ki te momo mate rewiti, ā, ko ngā tohu me ngā pūāhua pea:

• Te mamae
• Te ngohe
• Te pupū
• Te whero
• Te whakaiti i te whānuitanga o te nekehanga

Kaore he uauatanga

Ko ngā momo tuatahi e rua o te mate rewiti – te mate rewiti osteoarthritis me te mate rewiti rheumatoid – e whakaraweke ana i ngā hononga i ngā huarahi rerekē.

Ko te momo mate rewiti tino noa, ko te osteoarthritis te mate kino o te kakahu me te pakaru o te cartilage o te hononga – ko te kākahu pakeke, maeneene kei runga i ngā pito o ngā wheua kei hea rātou e hanga ai i te hononga. Ka whakamarumaru te cartilage i ngā pito o ngā wheua ā, ka taea te neke o te hononga tata kore-whakamā, engari ka taea e te nui o te kino te hua i te ngiha o te wheua ki runga i te wheua, ā, ka puta mai te mamae me te nekehanga whakawāiti. Ka taea te puta mai o tēnei kakahu me te pakaru i roto i ngā tau maha, kātahi ka tere ake rānei e te whara o te hononga, te mate rānei.

Ka puta mai hoki i te osteoarthritis ngā huringa i roto i ngā wheua me te whakaiti o ngā kiko hono e hono ana i te uaua ki te wheua ā, e pupuri ana i te hononga tahi. Ki te kino rawa te cartilage i roto i te hononga, ka mumura pea te raina o te hononga ā, ka pupū.

I roto i te mate rewiti rheumatoid, ka whakaeke te pūnaha ārai mate o te tinana i te raina o te kapu hononga, he kiri kaha e hipoki ana i ngā wāhanga katoa o te hononga. Ka mumura te raina nei (te kiri synovial) ā, ka pupū. Ka taea e te tukanga mate te whakangaro i te cartilage me te wheua i roto i te hononga.

Ngā take morearea mō te mate rewiti:

• Hītori whānau. E rere ana etahi momo rewiti i roto i ngā whānau, no reira pea ka nui ake te tūponotanga kia whiwhi koe i te rewiti ki te pēnei te mate o ō mātua, o ō teina rānei.
• Tau. Ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te maha o ngā momo rewiti — tae atu ki te osteoarthritis, te rewiti rheumatoid me te gout — i te wā e pakeke haere ana.
• Tō ira tangata. He nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā wāhine i ngā tāne ki te whiwhi i te rewiti rheumatoid, ā, ko te nuinga o te hunga he gout, tētahi atu momo rewiti, he tāne.
• Te whara o mua o te hononga. Ko te hunga kua whara i te hononga, pea i te wā e takaro ana i te hākinakina, he nui ake te tūponotanga kia whiwhi rewiti i taua hononga.
• Tō te taumaha. Ko te mau i te taumaha nui ka whakapā te ahotea ki ngā hononga, inā te tuara, ngā turi me ngā hope. He nui ake te tūponotanga o te hunga he taumaha nui ki te whiwhi rewiti.

Ko te mate khớp khớp kino, ina koa ki te pā ki ō ringa, ki ō ringa rānei, ka āhei te whakawhāiti i te mahi i ngā mahi o ia rā. Ko te mate khớp khớp o ngā hononga kākau taumaha ka āhei te pupuri i a koe kei te haere mā te ngāwari, kei te noho tika rānei. I etahi wā, ka ngāwari te ngaro o te hononga o ngā hononga me tō rātou āhua.

Kaore he uauatanga

I te whakamātau tinana, ka tirotirohia e ngā tākua ōu hononga mō te pupū, te whero me te mahana. Ka hiahia hoki rātou ki te kite i te pai o te nekehanga o ōu hononga.

Ka taea e te tātaritanga o ngā momo wai tinana rerekē te awhina i te tohu i te momo mate khớp khớp e pā ana ki a koe. Ko ngā wai e āwhinahia ana e ngā tākua ko te toto, te mimi me te wai hononga. Hei tiki i te tauira o te wai hononga, ka horoi me te ngenge ngā tākua i te wāhi i mua i te whakauru i te ngira ki te wāhi hononga hei tango i ētahi wai.

Ka taea e ēnei momo whakamātau te kite i ngā raruraru i roto i te hononga ka pā ana ki ō tohu. Ko ētahi tauira:

• X-rays. Mā te whakamahi i ngā taumata iti o te radiation hei whakaatu i te iwi, ka taea e ngā X-rays te whakaatu i te ngaro o te cartilage, te pakaru o te iwi me ngā spurs iwi. Kaore pea e whakaatuhia e ngā X-rays te kino o te mate khớp khớp i te tīmatanga, engari ka whakamahia pinepinetia ki te aroturuki i te whanake o te mate.
• Computerized tomography (CT). Ka tango ngā kaiwhakamahi CT i ngā X-rays mai i ngā kōrero maha me te whakakotahi i ngā mōhiohio hei hanga i ngā tirohanga tapawha o ngā hanganga o roto. Ka taea e ngā CT te whakaatu i te iwi me ngā kiko ngawari e karapoti ana.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Mā te whakakotahi i ngā ngaru reo me te mara pāmahana kaha, ka taea e ngā MRI te whakaputa i ngā whakaahua tapawha taipitopito ake o ngā kiko ngawari penei i te cartilage, ngā uaua me ngā hononga.
• Ultrasound. Ka whakamahi tēnei hangarau i ngā ngaru oro teitei hei whakaahua i ngā kiko ngawari, te cartilage me ngā hanganga kei roto i te wai e tata ana ki ngā hononga (bursae). Ka whakamahia hoki te Ultrasound hei arahi i te wāhi o te ngira mō te tango i te wai hononga, te whakauru rānei i ngā rongoā ki te hononga.

Ko te whakaora i te mate rewiti e arotahi ana ki te whakaora i ngā tohu me te whakapai ake i te mahi o ngā hononga. Akene me whakamātau koe i te maha o ngā rongoā rerekē, me ngā whakakotahitanga rongoā rānei, i mua i to whakatau he aha te mea pai mōu. Ngā rongoā e whakamahia ana hei whakaora i te mate rewiti ka rerekē te ahua kei runga i te momo mate rewiti. Ko ngā rongoā mate rewiti e whakamahia nuitia ana ko:

• NSAIDs. Ka taea e ngā rongoā anti-mumura kore-steroid (NSAIDs) te whakaora i te mamae me te whakaiti i te mumura. Ko ētahi tauira ko te ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, me ētahi atu) me te naproxen sodium (Aleve). Ka taea e ngā NSAIDs kaha ake te whakaputa i te mamae o te puku, ā, ka piki pea te tūponotanga o te mate ngākau, te pōkairangi rānei. Kei te wātea hoki ngā NSAIDs hei kirikiri, hei kete rānei, ka taea te whakakī ki ngā hononga.
• Counterirritants. Kei roto i ētahi momo kirikiri me ngā hinu te menthol, te capsaicin rānei, te kai e hanga ana i ngā pīpī wera. Ko te whakakī i ēnei whakamahere ki runga i te kiri i runga i tō hononga mamae pea ka whakakore i te tuku i ngā tohu mamae mai i te hononga anō.
• Steroids. Ko ngā rongoā corticosteroid, pēnei i te prednisone, ka whakaiti i te mumura me te mamae, ka whakaheke i te kino o te hononga. Ka taea te hoatu i ngā corticosteroids hei pūnaha, hei whakaurunga rānei ki roto i te hononga mamae. Ko ngā pānga kino pea ka uru ki te whakaiti o ngā wheua, te piki o te taumaha me te mate huka.
• Rongoā antirheumatic whakarerekē-mate (DMARDs). Ka taea e ēnei rongoā te whakaheke i te whāinga o te mate rewiti rheumatoid, me te whakaora i ngā hononga me ētahi atu kiko mai i te kino pumau. I tua atu i ngā DMARDs noa, kei reira hoki ngā kaiwhakaora pāngarau me ngā DMARDs hangai-whakawhāinga. Ka rerekē ngā pānga kino, engari ko te nuinga o ngā DMARDs ka piki ake te tūponotanga o ngā mate. Ka taea te awhina i te rongoā tinana mō ētahi momo mate rewiti. Ka taea e ngā whakakori te whakapai ake i te whānuitanga o te nekehanga me te whakakahangia i ngā uaua e karapotia ana ngā hononga. I ētahi wā, ka tika pea ngā papa, ngā here rānei. Ki te kore e awhina ngā mahi whakaora māori, ka taea e ngā tākuta te kōrero mō te pokanga, pēnei i:
• Te whakatikatika hononga. I ētahi wā, ka taea te whakamarie, te whakatika rānei i ngā mata o te hononga hei whakaiti i te mamae me te whakapai ake i te mahi. Ka taea te mahi i ēnei momo mahi pokanga i te nuinga o te wā ma te arthroscopy—mā ngā wahi iti i runga i te hononga.
• Te whakakapi hononga. Ka tangohia e tēnei mahi te hononga kua pakaru, ka whakakapihia ki tetahi hononga mahi. Ko ngā hononga e whakakapinga pinepine ana ko ngā hope me ngā turi.
• Te hono hononga. Ko tēnei mahi e whakamahia pinepine ana mō ngā hononga iti ake, pēnei i ngā hononga i roto i te ringa, te rekereke me ngā maihao. Ka tangohia e ia ngā pito o ngā wheua e rua i roto i te hononga, ka mau i aua pito kia tae ra ano ki tetahi wae kotahi kua ora. Te hono wehe i roto i te īmēra.

Kaore he uauatanga