He aha te Astigmatism? Ngā Tōmhanga, Ngā Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ko te astigmatism tētahi āhuatanga tirohanga noa e kore ai te kanohi e whakauru pai i te mārama, ā, ka puta he tirohanga mōrearea rānei i ngā tawhiti katoa. Ka puta mai i te kore o te cornea (te mata o mua o te kanohi) te karaihe rānei he āhua koretake, pēnei i te pōro whutupōro, ehara i te pōro tāpoi.

Tata ki te 1 o te 3 o te hunga e whai astigmatism ana, ā, koinei tetahi o ngā raruraru tirohanga tino nui. Ko te rongo pai, ka taea te whakaora katoa me ngā karāhe, ngā karāhe whakapiri, te pokanga rānei, ā, te kore o te astigmatism e kī ana ka kino ake tō tirohanga i te wā.

He aha ngā tōmhanga o te astigmatism?

Ko te tohu matua o te astigmatism ko te tirohanga mōrearea, te tirohanga kōroke rānei e pā ana ki ngā mea tata me ngā mea tawhiti. Kāore i rite ki te nearsightedness, te farsightedness rānei, ka puta te astigmatism i te ahua o te mea kua totorohia, kōroke rānei, kāore i te mōrearea noa iho.

Ka kite pea koe i ēnei tōmhanga noa i te wā e kaha ana ō kanohi ki te hanga i ngā whakaahua mārama:

• Tirohanga mōrearea i ngā tawhiti katoa
• Te ngenge o te kanohi, te whakamaunga rānei, ina koa i muri i te pānui, i te mahi rorohiko rānei
• Ngā mamae o te upoko e kino ake ana i ngā mahi tirohanga
• Te pupuhi kia kite mārama ai
• Te uaua ki te kite i te pō, i te mārama iti rānei
• Te tirohanga takirua i tetahi kanohi

Kaore pea etahi o te hunga e whai astigmatism ngawari ana e kite i ētahi tōmhanga. Ka taea e tō roro te whakakapi i ētahi wāhi iti o te kōroke, koia te take he mea nui ngā tirotiro kanohi ā-wā ahakoa kei te pai te ahua o tō tirohanga.

I ētahi wā, ka puta mai ngā tōmhanga nui ake pēnei i te kōroke tirohanga nui, te mārama nui rānei e whakawehi ana i ngā mahi o ia rā.

He aha ngā momo astigmatism?

Ka puta mai te astigmatism i ngā momo rerekē, kei te wāhi te kōroke koretake, me te āhua o tō tirohanga. Ko te mārama ki ēnei momo ka āwhina ki te whakamārama he aha ngā rerekētanga o ō tōmhanga mai i te tangata ke.

Ko ngā momo tino noa:

• Astigmatism o te cornea: He āhua koretake te cornea
• Astigmatism o te karaihe: He kōroke koretake te karaihe kei roto i tō kanohi
• Astigmatism noa: He 90 nga nekehanga o ngā wāhi tino hohonu me te papatahi
• Astigmatism koretake: He koretake te āhua o te kōroke

Ko te astigmatism noa te tino noa, te ngāwari ki te whakatika me ngā karāhe noa, ngā karāhe whakapiri rānei. Ko te astigmatism koretake, ahakoa he iti te noa, ka puta mai i ngā whara o te kanohi, etahi mate kanohi, ngā raruraru rānei mai i te pokanga kanohi.

He momo onge ano, pēnei i te keratoconus, kei reira te cornea e ngāwā ana, e pupū ana ki te āhua kōni, te pellucid marginal degeneration rānei, e pā ana ki te wāhi raro o te cornea. Me whakamahi ngā tikanga maimoatanga motuhake mō ēnei āhuatanga.

He aha ngā take o te astigmatism?

Ko te nuinga o te astigmatism he āhua noa o te whanaketanga o ō kanohi, pēnei i te whai makawe parauri, kanohi kikorangi rānei. Kāore i tino mārama te take o tēnei rerekētanga noa, engari he tino nui te mahi a te ira.

Ko ngā take matua:

• Ira - ka tupu i roto i ngā whānau
• Te whanaketanga noa o te kanohi - kei te noho mai i te whānautanga
• Ngā whara o te kanohi e whakarereke ana i te āhua o te cornea
• Etahi mate kanohi
• Ngā raruraru o te pokanga kanohi o mua

Kāore i puta te astigmatism i te pānui i te mārama ngoikore, te noho tata atu ki te pouaka whakaata, tetahi atu whāinga rānei. Ka taea e ēnei mahi te whakamaunga i ō kanohi, engari kāore e whakarereke i te āhua o tō kanohi.

Ko etahi take onge ko te keratoconus (te ngāwā haere o te cornea), te pterygium (te tipu o te kiko i runga i te kanohi), te toka rānei mai i ngā mate kanohi nui. Ka taea e ēnei āhuatanga te whanake i muri mai i te ora, ā, ka taea te kino ake o te astigmatism i te wā.

Nōhea te haere ki te taote mō te astigmatism?

Me whakarite e koe tētahi tirotiro kanohi mēnā kei te pāngia koe e te tirohanga mōrearea, ngā mamae o te upoko, te whakamaunga rānei o te kanohi e āwangawanga ana i ngā mahi o ia rā. He mea tika te tirotiro i ngā tōmhanga ngawari, i te mea ka taea e te whakatikatika wawe te aukati i te whakamaunga koretake, te whakapai ake hoki i tō kounga ora.

Rapua te awhina hauora tere mēnā ka kite koe i ngā whakarerekētanga ohorere i tō tirohanga, te mamae nui o te kanohi, te kōroke nui rānei o ngā raina tika. Ka taea e ēnei te tohu i ngā āhuatanga taketake nui ake e hiahia ana ki te aromatawai tere.

Kei te tūtohutia ngā tirotiro kanohi ā-wā i ia 1-2 tau mō ngā pakeke, ahakoa kāore he tōmhanga. He tokomaha ngā tangata e whai astigmatism ngawari ana, kāore e mohiotia ana, ā, ko te hopu wawe ka taea te whakahaere pai ake, te aukati hoki i ngā raruraru.

Mō ngā tamariki, kia titiro ki ngā tohu pēnei i te pupuhi, te whakatere i o ratou upoko kia kite pai ai, te uaua ki te pānui, ngā amuamu rānei mō te tirohanga mōrearea. He mea nui te kite wawe i ngā tamariki mō te whanaketanga tirohanga tika me te angitu mātauranga.

He aha ngā take morearea mō te astigmatism?

He maha ngā take ka piki ake ai tō tūponotanga ki te whanake i te astigmatism, te kino ake rānei i te wā. Ko te mārama ki ēnei take morearea ka āwhina i a koe ki te mohio ki te wā e kia tupato ai koe ki te hauora o te kanohi.

Ko ngā take morearea matua:

• Te hītori whānau o te astigmatism, etahi atu raruraru tirohanga rānei
• Te whānautanga wawe, te iti rānei o te taumaha whānautanga
• Te hītori o ngā whara o te kanohi, te mamae rānei
• Etahi āhuatanga o te kanohi pēnei i te keratoconus
• Te pokanga kanohi o mua
• Iwi - he nui ake te tokomaha o ētahi rōpū

Ko te whai take morearea kāore e kī ana ka whanake koe i te astigmatism, ā, he tokomaha ngā tangata kāore he take morearea e whai tonu ana i te āhuatanga. Ko te mea nui ko te pupuri i te tiaki kanohi ā-wā ahakoa tō taumata morearea.

Ko ngā take morearea onge ko ētahi mate ira, ngā mate pāwera kanohi nui e pā ana ki te ngāuru nui, ngā morearea mahi rānei e whakaatu tonu ana i ō kanohi ki te mamae, ki ngā matū rānei.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te astigmatism?

Kāore te astigmatism kore whakaora e tino puta mai i ngā raruraru hauora nui, engari ka taea te pānga nui ki tō oranga o ia rā me tō mārohirohi. Ko ngā take matua e puta mai ana i ō kanohi e mahi ana ki te whakakapi i te tirohanga kore mārama.

Ko ngā raruraru noa mai i te astigmatism kore whakatika:

• Te whakamaunga o te kanohi me te ngenge
• Ngā mamae o te upoko
• Te uaua ki te taraiwa i te pō
• Te heke o te mahi mātauranga, mahi rānei
• Te piki o te morearea o ngā aituā nā te tirohanga ngoikore

I ngā tamariki, ka taea e te astigmatism kore whakaora te arahi ki te amblyopia (kanohi waimarie) mēnā he nui ake te astigmatism o tetahi kanohi atu i tetahi. Ka taea tenei te puta mai i ngā raruraru tirohanga pumau mēnā kāore i whakatikahia i te wā tamariki.

He onge ngā raruraru nui, engari ka taea te whanake i ngā raruraru tirohanga tuarua, te kino ake rānei o ngā āhuatanga taketake pēnei i te keratoconus, e hiahia ana pea ki ngā tikanga maimoatanga nui ake.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te astigmatism?

Ka whakatauhia te astigmatism mā te tirotiro kanohi whānui mā te whakamahi i ngā whakamātautau kore mamae e ine ana i te āhua o te whakauru mārama o ō kanohi. Ka whakamahi tō taote kanohi i ngā taputapu motuhake ki te whakarite i te āhua me te kōroke o tō cornea.

Ko te tukanga whakatau i te nuinga:

• Te whakamātautau mārama tirohanga mā te whakamahi i te tūtohu kanohi
• Keratometry ki te ine i te kōroke o te cornea
• Te whakamātautau whakakorenga ki te whakatau i tō rongoā tika
• Te topography o te cornea mō te whakarite i te cornea
• Te tirotiro rama-rama ki te tirotiro i te hauora o te kanohi katoa

He tere, he mārama ēnei whakamātautau, i te nuinga o te wā e 30-60 meneti te roa. Ka taea hoki e tō taote te whakawhāiti i ō ngākau me ngā matū kanohi kia kite pai ai i ngā hanganga o roto o ō kanohi.

Mō ngā take uaua, te astigmatism koretake rānei e whakapaetia ana, ka hiahiatia pea ngā whakamātautau atu pēnei i te wetewete wavefront, te tomography o te cornea rānei ki te hanga i tētahi mapi toru-wāhi o te pūnaha tirohanga o tō kanohi.

He aha te maimoatanga mō te astigmatism?

He tino taea te whakaora i te astigmatism me ngā whiringa whai hua e taea ai te whakahoki mai i te tirohanga mārama, mārohirohi. Ka tūtohu tō taote kanohi i te huarahi pai rawa atu e hāngai ana ki tō taumata o te astigmatism, te oranga, me ō hiahia whaiaro.

Ko ngā whiringa maimoatanga matua:

• Ngā karāhe: Ko te maimoatanga tuatahi tino noa me te whai hua
• Ngā karāhe whakapiri: Ngā karāhe toric i hangaia motuhake mō te astigmatism
• Te pokanga whakakorenga: LASIK, PRK, etahi atu tukanga rānei ki te hanga hou i te cornea
• Orthokeratology: Ngā karāhe po motuhake e hanga hou ana i te cornea

Ko ngā karāhe te otinga ngāwari, mā te whakamahi i ngā karaihe cylindrical e whakakapi ana i te āhua koretake o tō kanohi. Ka taea e ngā karāhe whakapiri te whakarato i te mara whānui o te tirohanga mārama, he pai hoki mō ngā oranga mahi.

Mō te astigmatism nui, te koretake rānei, ka hiahiatia pea ngā maimoatanga motuhake pēnei i ngā karāhe whakapiri hau-kaha, ngā karāhe hybrid, te nekehanga cornea rānei i ngā take nui. Me whakamahi ngā whakatikatika motuhake me te tiaki whai muri mō ēnei whiringa.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i te astigmatism i te kāinga?

Ahakoa kāore e taea te whakaora i te astigmatism i te kāinga, he maha ngā rautaki ka taea te whakaiti i te whakamaunga o te kanohi, te whakapai ake hoki i ngā mahi o ia rā i te wā e mahi ana koe me tō taote kanohi ki te maimoatanga.

Ko ēnei ngā tohutohu whakahaere kāinga whai hua:

• Kia tino mārama te mārama i te wā e pānui ana, e mahi tata ana rānei

Tangohia ngā okioki ā-wā mai i ngā mata mā te whakamahi i te ture 20-20-20

Pupuri i te tawhiti tika mai i ngā pukapuka me ngā mata

Kia ma, kia tika te pupuri i ō karāhe, karāhe whakapiri rānei

Whakamahia ngā roimata mahi mēnā kei te maroke ō kanohi

Kaua e ngāuru i ō kanohi, ka taea te kino ake o te astigmatism koretake

Ko te horoi kanohi pai ko te horoi i ō ringa i mua i te pa ki ō kanohi, te whakakapi hoki i ngā karāhe whakapiri e tūtohu ana tō taote kanohi. Ka taea e ēnei mahi ngāwari te aukati i ngā raruraru, te pupuri hoki i tō whakatikatika tirohanga e mahi pai ana.

Mēnā ka kite koe i ngā whakarerekētanga ohorere i tō tirohanga, te piki rānei o te kore ngāwari o te kanohi, kaua e ngana ki te whakahaere i a koe anake. Whakapa atu ki tō kaiwhakarato tiaki kanohi kia tere ai te aromatawai me ngā whakatikatika maimoatanga.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō hui taote?

Ko te whakarite mō tō hui kanohi ka āwhina i a koe ki te whiwhi i te whakatau tika me te mahere maimoatanga whai hua. Ka taea e te whakarite iti te whakapai ake i tō haerenga, te whakaputa hua hoki.

I mua i tō hui:

• Tuhia ō tōmhanga me te wā e puta mai ana
• Mau mai ō karāhe, karāhe whakapiri rānei o nāianei
• Rārangihia ngā rongoā me ngā taapiri katoa e inu ana koe
• Kohikohia te hītori hauora kanohi o tō whānau
• Whakaritea ngā pātai mō ngā whiringa maimoatanga
• Whakarite i te kawe waka mēnā ka whakawhāitihia ō ngākau

Mēnā kei te whakamahi koe i ngā karāhe whakapiri, ka tono pea tō taote kia whakarerekē koe ki ngā karāhe mō etahi rā i mua i te tirotiro. Ka taea e tenei te whakahoki i ō cornea ki o rātou āhua noa mō ngā ine tika ake.

Kaua e whakaroa ki te ui pātai mō tō whakatau, ngā whiringa maimoatanga, ngā utu, ngā awangawanga rānei e whai ana koe. Ko te mārama ki tō āhuatanga me ngā whiringa maimoatanga ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakatau whakamārama mō tō tiaki kanohi.

He aha te mea nui mō te astigmatism?

Ko te astigmatism he āhuatanga tirohanga tino noa, tino taea te whakaora, e pā ana ki te miriona o te iwi puta noa te ao. Ko te mea nui kia mahara ko te whai astigmatism kāore e kī ana kei te tūpono koe ki te tirohanga ngoikore, ki ngā raruraru kanohi nui rānei.

Me te whakatau tika me te maimoatanga, ka taea e te nuinga o te hunga e whai astigmatism ana te whiwhi i te tirohanga mārama, mārohirohi e taea ai te pai ki ngā mahi o ia rā. Ahakoa ka whiriwhiri koe i ngā karāhe, ngā karāhe whakapiri, te pokanga rānei, he tino whai hua, he haumaru ngā whiringa maimoatanga hou.

Ko ngā tirotiro kanohi ā-wā tonu tō parenga pai rawa atu ki ngā raruraru tirohanga, ahakoa kei te pai te ahua o tō tirohanga. Ka taea e te kite wawe me te maimoatanga o te astigmatism te aukati i te whakamaunga kanohi koretake, te āwhina hoki i a koe ki te pupuri i te tirohanga pai puta noa tō oranga.

Kia mahara ko te astigmatism ehara i te mate, te tohu rānei o te kino o te kanohi. He rerekētanga noa i te āhua o te whakauru mārama o tō kanohi, ā, he tino taea te whakahaere me te tiaki tika me te huarahi maimoatanga.

Ngā pātai uiui noa mō te astigmatism

U: Ka taea te kino ake o te astigmatism i te wā?

Ka taea te whakarerekē o te astigmatism i te wā, engari kāore e tino kino ake. Ko te nuinga o te iwi e whai astigmatism pumau ana puta noa i o rātou tau pakeke. Heoi, ka taea e ētahi āhuatanga pēnei i te keratoconus, ngā whara o te kanohi rānei te kino ake. Ka āwhina ngā tirotiro kanohi ā-wā ki te aroturuki i ngā whakarerekētanga, ki te whakatika hoki i tō maimoatanga.

U: He ira te astigmatism?

Āe, ka tupu te astigmatism i roto i ngā whānau. Mēnā kei a ō mātua, teina rānei te astigmatism, he nui ake te tūponotanga ka whanake koe i te āhuatanga. Heoi, ehara te ira i te take anake, ā, he tokomaha ngā tangata e whanake ana i te astigmatism kāore he hītori whānau o te āhuatanga.

U: Ka taea e au te whakamahi i ngā karāhe whakapiri noa mēnā kei ahau te astigmatism?

Kāore te nuinga o ngā karāhe whakapiri porowhita e whakatika pai ana i te astigmatism. Ka hiahia pea koe ki ngā karāhe whakapiri toric, he motuhake te hanga me ngā mana rerekē i ngā meridian kia whakatika ai te kōroke koretake. Ka taea e tō taote kanohi te whakatau i te momo karāhe pai mō ō hiahia motuhake.

U: Kei te puta mai ngā mamae o te upoko i te astigmatism?

Āe, ko te astigmatism kore whakatika te tino puta mai i ngā mamae o te upoko nā te whakamaunga o te kanohi. I te wā e kaha ana ō kanohi ki te arotahi tika, ka taea te arahi ki ngā mamae o te upoko, ina koa i muri i te pānui, te mahi rorohiko, etahi atu mahi whakahirahira tirohanga rānei. Ko te whakatika tirohanga tika te nuinga o te whakakore i ēnei mamae o te upoko.

U: Ka taea te aukati i te astigmatism?

Nā te mea ko te nuinga o te astigmatism kei te noho mai i te whānautanga nā te whanaketanga noa o te kanohi, kāore e taea te aukati i te nuinga. Heoi, ka taea e koe te tiaki i te astigmatism e pā ana ki te whara mā te kakahu i ngā paremoremore kanohi i ngā wā takaro, mahi morearea rānei, te karo hoki i te ngāuru nui o te kanohi e taea ai te kino ake o te astigmatism koretake.