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October 10, 2025
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Ko te āhuatanga o te ngākau o te kaupapa atrioventricular he āhuatanga o te ngākau e puta mai ana i te whānautanga, kei reira ngā pakitara e wehewehe ana i ngā rūma o te ngākau kaore i hanga tika. Ka hangaia tēnei i ngā tuwhera i waenganui i ngā rūma o runga me ngā rūma o raro o te ngākau, ā, ka taea te whakaranu i te toto ina kore e tika.
Ka pā tēnei āhuatanga ki te rere tika o te toto i roto i te ngākau o tō pēpi, ā, ka taea te mahi nui atu i te ngākau i te mea noa. Ahakoa ka rangona he nui te pānga, he maha ngā tamariki e ora ana i tēnei āhuatanga i ngā oranga tino whānuitia, mahi, me te tiaki hauora me te maimoatanga tika.
Ka puta te āhuatanga o te kaupapa atrioventricular ina kore te kiko e wehewehe ana i ngā rūma e whā o tō ngākau e whānuitia ana i te wā hapu. Ki te kore he pakitara pakari i waenganui i ngā rūma, he ngā tuwhera e tuku ana i te toto ki te rere ki te kore e tika.
E whā ngā rūma o tō ngākau – e rua ngā rūma o runga e kiia nei ko ngā atria, me ngā rūma e rua o raro e kiia nei ko ngā ventricles. I te nuinga, ka noho te toto kore-hākari i te taha matau, ka noho te toto hākari i te taha maui. Ki tēnei āhuatanga, ka whakaranu te toto i waenganui i ēnei taha, ko te tikanga pea kaore tō tinana e whiwhi i te toto hākari.
Ko tēnei āhuatanga e kiia ana hoki ko te āhuatanga o te septal atrioventricular, te āhuatanga o te moenga endocardial rānei. Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga o te ngākau whānau tino uaua, ko te tikanga kei te noho mai i te whānautanga, ā, ka pā ki ngā wāhanga maha o te hanganga o te ngākau.
E rua ngā momo nui o tēnei āhuatanga o te ngākau, ā, ko te mōhiotanga ki te momo e pā ana ki tō tamaiti ka āwhina i ngā tākuta ki te whakarite i te huarahi maimoatanga pai.
Te āhuatanga o te kaupapa atrioventricular wāhanga e pā ana ki te tuwhera i te pakitara i waenganui i ngā rūma e rua o runga o te ngākau. Ko ngā uaua o te ngākau e whakahaere ana i te rere o te toto pea kaore i te hanganga noa, engari kei te wehe tonu rātou i a rātou anō. Ko tēnei momo e tino iti ana ngā tohu, ā, pea kaore e kitea tae noa ki muri i te tamarikitanga.
Te āhuatanga o te kaupapa atrioventricular katoa he uaua ake, he tuwhera i ngā pakitara o runga me ngā rūma o raro. Kua hono atu ngā uaua o te ngākau, ka hangaia he uaua nui kotahi i te wāhi o ngā uaua e rua motuhake. Ko tēnei momo e tino kitea ana ngā tohu i te timatanga o te tamaiti, na te mea ka nui ake te whakaranu o te toto.
He tamariki ētahi e whai ana i te mea e kiia ana e ngā tākuta he ahua waenga, he whakawhiti rānei, kei waenganui i te wāhanga me te katoa. Ka whakatau tō kaitātari ngākau tamariki i te momo kei tō tamaiti mā te whakamahi i ngā whakamātautau ngākau motuhake me te whakaahua.
Ko ngā tohu e kitea ana e tō tamaiti e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kaha o te āhuatanga, me te nui o te toto e whakaranu ana i roto i tōna ngākau. Ka whakaatu mai ētahi tamariki i ngā tohu i te timatanga, kaore hoki ētahi atu e whai tohu marama tae noa ki ngā marama, ngā tau rānei.
Ko ēnei ngā tohu tino noa e kitea ana e ngā mātua i roto i ngā pēpi me ngā tamariki iti:
I te wā e pakeke ana ngā tamariki, pea ka kite koe kaore e taea e rātou te whai i ngā hoa takaro i ngā mahi tinana. Pea ka hiahia rātou ki te okioki ake, ki te karo rānei i ngā mahi e whakaiti ana i tō rātou manawa.
Pea kaore ētahi tamariki e whai tohu marama tae noa ki te wā e tamariki ana rānei, te wā kura rānei. Koinei te take he mea nui ngā tirotiro tamariki noa – ka taea e tō tākuta te kite i ngā ngākau ngākau, ētahi atu tohu ngāwari rānei i ngā whakamātautau noa.
Ka whānau tēnei āhuatanga o te ngākau i roto i ngā wiki e waru o te wā hapu ina hangaia ana te ngākau o tō pēpi. Kāore te take tika i te marama tonu, engari ka puta ina kore te kiko e wehewehe ana i ngā rūma o te ngākau e tupu tika ana i tēnei wā nui.
Ko te nuinga o ngā take ka puta noa mai kaore he take motuhake, he mahi mātua rānei e pā ana ki a rātou. He mea nui kia mōhio koe kaore he mea i mahi koe, kāore rānei i mahi i te wā hapu i puta ai tēnei āhuatanga – ko te huarahi noa i whānau ai te ngākau o tō pēpi.
Heoi, he maha ngā take ka taea te whakapiki i te tūponotanga o tēnei āhuatanga:
Ahakoa kei te noho ēnei take morearea, ko te nuinga o ngā pēpi e whānau ana me ngā ngākau noa. Ko te nuinga o ngā āhuatanga o te kaupapa atrioventricular ka puta i ngā whānau kaore he hītori o mua o ngā raruraru ngākau.
Mēnā ka kite koe i ētahi tohu e awangawanga ana koe mō te manawa, te whāngai, te taumata kaha rānei o tō tamaiti, he pai tonu te tirotiro i a rātou i mua atu i muri mai. Whakawhirinaki ki ō tūmanako hei mātua – ko koe te tino mōhio ki tō tamaiti.
Whakapa atu ki tō tākuta tamariki inaianei mēnā ka whakaatu mai tō tamaiti i ētahi o ēnei tohu:
Karanga atu ki ngā ratonga āwhina inaianei mēnā ka uaua te manawa o tō tamaiti, ka ma, ka kikorangi rānei, kaore rānei e whakautu. Ko ēnei pea ngā tohu kaore tōna ngākau e pupuhi pai ana kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia o tōna tinana.
Kia mahara ko te kite wawe me te maimoatanga ka ārahi ki ngā hua pai ake. He maha ngā tamariki e ora pai ana i tēnei āhuatanga ina whakahaeretia ana tō rātou tiaki e ngā tohunga ngākau tamariki whai wheako.
Ahakoa ko te nuinga o ngā take ka puta noa mai, he maha ngā take ka taea te whakapiki i te tūponotanga o te whānautanga o te pēpi me tēnei āhuatanga o te ngākau. Ko te mōhiotanga ki ēnei take morearea ka taea te āwhina i a koe ki te mōhio ki te aha e tatari ana, me te wā pea e hiahiatia ana te tirotiro tata.
Ko te take morearea tino kaha ko te mate Down, na te mea tata ki te hawhe o ngā tamariki e whai ana i tēnei āhuatanga ira e whai ana hoki i ngā āhuatanga o te kaupapa atrioventricular. Mēnā kei tō tamaiti te mate Down, pea ka tirotiro tata atu tō rōpū hauora i tōna ngākau mai i te whānautanga.
Ko ētahi atu take ka taea te whakapiki i te morearea ko:
He mea nui kia mahara ko te whai i ngā take morearea kaore e tikanga ka whai tō tamaiti i tēnei āhuatanga. He maha ngā pēpi e whānau ana ki ngā whaea e whai ana i ngā take morearea maha e whai ana i ngā ngākau tino noa, ka taea tonu e ētahi atu kaore he take morearea te whānau i ngā āhuatanga o te ngākau.
Ki te kore he maimoatanga tika, ka taea e tēnei āhuatanga o te ngākau te ārahi ki ngā raruraru nui i te wā. Heoi, me te tiaki hauora tika me te pokanga ina hiahiatia, ka taea te aukati, te whakahaere rānei i te nuinga o ēnei raruraru.
Ko ngā raruraru tino noa ka taea te whānau ko:
Ko ngā raruraru nui ake, engari he iti ake te noho, ka taea te whakauru i te mate roro, ina koa i ngā tamariki e whai ana i te ahua katoa o te āhuatanga. Pea ka whānau hoki ētahi tamariki i te āhuatanga e kiia nei ko te mate Eisenmenger, kei reira ngā oko toto i roto i ngā ngākau e pakaru tonu ana mai i te pehanga teitei.
Ko te rongo pai ko te whakatika pokanga wawe ka whakaiti nui i te morearea o ēnei raruraru. Ko te nuinga o ngā tamariki e whai ana i te pokanga i te wā tika ka haere tonu ki te ora i ngā oranga noa, hauora me te iti rawa o te morearea o ngā raruraru ngākau nui.
Ka timata te whakatau i te wā e rongo ana tō tākuta tamariki i te oro ngākau kore noa e kiia nei ko te ngākau ngākau i te whakamātautau noa. Kāore ngā ngākau ngākau katoa e tohu ana i ngā raruraru, engari ka hiahia tō tākuta ki te torotoro atu kia mohio ai kei te mahi pai te ngākau o tō tamaiti.
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te echocardiogram, he rite ki te ultrasound o te ngākau. Ka whakamahi tēnei whakamātautau i ngā ngaru oro ki te hanga i ngā whakaahua taipitopito o te hanganga o te ngākau o tō tamaiti, ā, ka whakaatu me pēhea te rere o te toto i roto i ngā rūma. Kāore he mamae, kāore hoki e hiahia ki ngā pū, ki ngā rongoā rānei.
Pea ka tono atu hoki tō tākuta i ēnei whakamātautau atu:
I ētahi wā ka kitea tēnei āhuatanga i mua i te whānautanga i ngā ultrasound hapu noa. Mēnā ka whakaaro ngā tākuta he āhuatanga o te ngākau i te wā hapu, pea ka whai koe i te echocardiogram pēpi motuhake kia kite ai i te whakaahua marama ake o te whanaketanga o te ngākau o tō pēpi.
Ko te whiwhi i te whakatau tika ka āwhina i tō rōpū hauora ki te whakarite i te huarahi maimoatanga pai me te wā mō te āhuatanga motuhake o tō tamaiti.
Ko te maimoatanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo me te kaha o te āhuatanga motuhake o tō tamaiti. Ko te kaupapa matua ko te whakahoki i te rere toto noa i roto i te ngākau me te aukati i ngā raruraru mai i te whānautanga.
Mō ngā āhuatanga wāhanga me ngā tohu ngāwari, pea ka tirotiro tata atu ngā tākuta i tō tamaiti i te wā e whakahaere ana i ngā tohu me ngā rongoā. Ka taea e ēnei rongoā te āwhina i te ngākau ki te pupuhi nui ake, ki te whakaiti i te wai i roto i ngā ngākau.
Ko te pokanga te maimoatanga tino pai mō te nuinga o ngā tamariki e whai ana i tēnei āhuatanga. Ko te wā e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā tohu o tō tamaiti me te pai o te mahi o tōna ngākau:
I te wā o te pokanga, ka kati te taote ngākau i ngā tuwhera kore noa me ngā papata, ka whakatika rānei, ka whakakapi rānei i ngā uaua ngākau kore noa. Ko te nuinga o ngā tamariki e hiahia ana ki te pokanga kotahi anake, ahakoa pea ka hiahia ētahi ki ngā mahi atu i te wā e tipu ana.
Ko te rereketanga o te pokanga he nui rawa, ina koa ina mahia ana i ngā pokapū ngākau tamariki motuhake. Ko te nuinga o ngā tamariki e ora pai ana, ka taea te whai wāhi i ngā mahi tamarikitanga noa i roto i ngā marama torutoru i muri i te pokanga.
Ko te tiaki i te tamaiti e whai ana i tēnei āhuatanga o te ngākau i te kāinga e whakauru ana ki te tirotiro i ōna tohu, te whai i ngā kaupapa rongoā, me te hanga i te taiao e tautoko ana i tōna hauora me tōna whanaketanga.
I mua i te pokanga, arotahi ki te āwhina i tō tamaiti ki te tiaki i te kaha me te tipu pai. Pea ko tēnei te tikanga te tuku i ngā kai iti ake, maha atu rānei mēnā he uaua te whāngai, te tuku rānei i te wā okioki atu i te rā.
Ko ēnei ngā āhuatanga nui o te tiaki kāinga:
I muri i te pokanga, ka hiahia tō tamaiti ki te wā ki te ora, engari ko te nuinga o ngā tamariki ka hoki mai tere rawa. Whai i ngā tohutohu a tō taote mō ngā herenga mahi, te tiaki o te whara, me te wā ki te whakahoki i ngā mahi noa.
Kia mahara ko ia tamaiti ka ora i tōna tere ake. Ka pai ake te ahua o ētahi tamariki i roto i ngā wiki, ka taea hoki e ētahi atu te torutoru marama ki te whakahoki i tō rātou kaha me tō rātou kaha katoa.
Ko te whakarite pai mō ngā whakaritenga hauora ka āwhina kia whiwhi koe i ngā korero tino whai hua, kia maia hoki koe mō te mahere tiaki o tō tamaiti. Tuhia ō patai i mua kia kaua e wareware i ngā awangawanga nui i te wā o te haerenga.
Kawe mai i te rārangi katoa o ngā rongoā, ngā taapiri rānei e tangohia ana e tō tamaiti, tae atu ki ngā horo me te wā. Kohikohi hoki i ngā hua whakamātautau o mua, ngā rēkōta hauora, ngā korero tohutoro rānei mai i ētahi atu tākuta.
Whakaarohia te whakarite i ēnei patai mō tō rōpū hauora:
Kaua e whakaroa ki te tono i te whakamārama mēnā ka rangona ngā kupu hauora, ngā mahere maimoatanga rānei.
Kawe mai i te pukapuka, i te tono rānei mēnā ka taea te tuhi i ngā wāhanga nui o te kōrero. Ka taea te nui o ngā korero hauora, ā, ko te whai i ngā tuhi ki te tohutohu atu i muri mai ka tino whai hua.
Ahakoa te ako kei tō tamaiti he āhuatanga o te ngākau ka rangona he wehi, he mea nui kia mōhio koe ko ngā āhuatanga o te kaupapa atrioventricular he āhuatanga pai te mōhiotanga me ngā hua maimoatanga pai. Ko te nuinga o ngā tamariki e whiwhi ana i te tiaki tika ka haere tonu ki te ora i ngā oranga tino noa.
Ko te ki o te angitu ko te mahi tahi me ngā tohunga ngākau tamariki whai wheako ka taea te arataki i a koe i roto i te tukanga maimoatanga. Kua hangaia e ngā tikanga pokanga hou te whakatika i ēnei āhuatanga he haumaru, he whai hua, me ngā rereketanga angitu e neke atu ana i te 95% i ngā pokapū ngākau tamariki nui.
Ka hanga tō rōpū hauora i te mahere tiaki whaiaro e whakawhirinaki ana ki tōna momo āhuatanga me tōna hauora whānui. Me te maimoatanga tika, ka taea e te nuinga o ngā tamariki e whai ana i tēnei āhuatanga te whai wāhi i ngā mahi tamarikitanga noa, tae atu ki ngā hākinakina me ētahi atu mahi tinana.
Kia mahara kaore koe i te kotahi i roto i tēnei haerenga. He maha ngā whānau kua haere i tēnei ara i mua atu i a koe, ā, he maha ngā rauemi tautoko e wātea ana ki te āwhina i a koe ki te arahi i ngā āhuatanga hauora me ngā āhuatanga ngakau o te tiaki o tō tamaiti.
Ko te nuinga o ngā tamariki ka taea te whai wāhi i ngā mahi tinana noa me ngā hākinakina i muri i te pokanga angitu. Ka arotake tō kaitātari ngākau tamariki i te mahi o te ngākau o tō tamaiti, ka hoatu ngā aratohu motuhake mō ngā taumata mahi. He maha ngā tamariki e whai ana i ngā āhuatanga o te kaupapa atrioventricular kua whakatikahia e whai wāhi ana ki ngā hākinakina whakataetae kaore he herenga, ka taea hoki e ētahi atu te whai herenga iti ki ngā mahi tino kaha.
Ko ngā hiahia rongoā e rerekē ana e whakawhirinaki ana ki te āhuatanga motuhake o tō tamaiti me te pai o te mahi o tōna ngākau i muri i te pokanga. Ko ētahi tamariki e hiahia ana ki ngā rongoā mo te wā poto i mua i te pokanga, i muri rānei, ka taea hoki e ētahi atu te hiahia ki a rātou mo te wā roa ki te āwhina i tō rātou ngākau ki te mahi pai. Ka arotake tonu tō kaitātari ngākau mēnā ka hiahiatia tonu ngā rongoā, ka whakarite rānei i te mahere maimoatanga i te wā e tipu ana tō tamaiti.
Ko te morearea o te whai i tētahi atu tamaiti me te āhuatanga o te ngākau whānau he iti ake te teitei i te noa, engari he iti tonu. Ko te nuinga o ngā whānau kaore e whai i tētahi atu tamaiti me te āhuatanga kotahi. Pea ka tūtohutia e tō tākuta te tohutohu ira ki te kōrero mō ngā take morearea motuhake o tō whānau me ngā whiringa whakamātautau e wātea ana i ngā haputanga o muri mai.
Ko te nuinga o ngā tamariki e hiahia ana ki te pokanga kotahi anake ki te whakatika i tō rātou āhuatanga o te kaupapa atrioventricular. Heoi, pea ka hiahia ētahi tamariki ki ngā mahi atu i te wā e tipu ana, ina koa mēnā kaore ngā uaua ngākau e mahi pai i muri i te whakatikanga tuatahi. Ka tirotiro tonu tō kaitātari ngākau i te mahi o tōna ngākau i te wā, ka tūtohu rānei i ngā maimoatanga atu ina hiahiatia.
Ko te wā ora e rerekē ana, engari ko te nuinga o ngā tamariki ka taea te hoki haere ki ngā mahi noa i roto i ngā wiki 6-8 i muri i te pokanga. Ka hoatu e tō taote ngā aratohu motuhake mō ngā herenga whakaara, te wā ka taea e tō tamaiti te hoki ki te kura, me te wā ka taea te whakahoki i ngā mahi tinana. Ko te nuinga o ngā tamariki e pai ake te ahua i roto i ngā wiki tuatahi, ka haere tonu te pai ake i ngā marama e whai ake nei.
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