He aha te Botulism? Tohutohu, Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ko te botulism he mate onge engari he mate kino e puta mai ana i ngā poizon e whakaputahia ana e ngā pūkohukohu e kiia nei ko te Clostridium botulinum. Ka whakaeke enei poizon kaha ki tō pūnaha io, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i te kaha o ngā uaua me te pararaihi i tō tinana katoa.

Ahakoa pea ka rongo te botulism he wehi, he mea nui kia mōhio koe he onge rawa te mate nei i ngā whenua whānui. Ka taea te aukati i te nuinga o ngā keehi, ā, ki te hopukina wawe, ka tino whai hua te maimoatanga. Ko te mārama ki ngā tohu me ngā take ka āhei te awhina i a koe ki te noho haumaru me te mohio ki te wa hei rapu awhina hauora.

He aha ngā tohu o te botulism?

Ko ngā tohu o te botulism e puta ana i roto i te 12 ki te 36 haora i muri i te whakamahinga o te poizon. Ko te tohu matua ko te ngoikore o ngā uaua e tīmata ana i tō ulu me tō mata, katahi ka horapa ki raro i tō tinana.

Ko ēnei ngā tohu matua ka kite pea koe, e puta ana i tēnei rārangi:

• Te tiro rua, te tiro mōrearea rānei
• Ngā kamo e taupoki ana
• Te uaua ki te kōrero, te kōrero pororaru rānei
• Te uaua ki te horomi
• Te waha maroke
• Te ngoikore o ngā uaua i ngā ringa me ngā waewae
• Te uaua ki te manawa

Ko te mea motuhake o te botulism ko te kore pea o te kirika, ā, ka maarama tonu tō hinengaro ahakoa ka ngoikore haere ō uaua. Ka whai i te tauira e whai mana ana te ngoikore o ngā uaua, e neke ana i tō ulu ki ō ringa, ki tō tinana, me ō waewae.

I ngā keehi kino, ka taea e te pararaihi te pā ki ngā uaua e whakamahia ana e koe ki te manawa, koia te take ka mate pea te botulism me te kore e tukuna he maimoatanga wawe.

He aha ngā momo botulism?

He maha ngā momo botulism rerekē, ia momo he take me ōna āhuatanga ake. Ko te mārama ki ēnei momo ka āhei te awhina i a koe ki te kite i ngā puna pea o te whakamahinga.

Ko te botulism kai te momo tino mohiotia. Ka puta mai i te kai i te kai kei roto te poizon botulism, e ahu mai ana i ngā kai kua whakapakarihia, kua tiaki rānei.

Ko te botulism pēpi te pā ki ngā pēpi kei raro iho i te 12 marama te pakeke. Kāore i rite ki ētahi atu momo, ko ngā pēpi te horomi i ngā pūkohukohu, ka tupu i roto i ō ratou whekau ka whakaputa poizon.

Ko te botulism whara ka puta mai i te tupu o ngā pūkohukohu i roto i ngā whara kua pangia. Kua noho tenei momo hei mea noa atu i waenga i ngā tāngata e whakamahi ana i ngā rongoā whakauru, ina koa te heroin pango.

Ko te botulism iatrogenic he momo onge ka puta mai i te nui rawa o te poizon botulinum e whakamahia ana mō ngā tikanga hauora, kōmeke rānei. Hei tāpiri atu ki ngā maimoatanga penei i ngā whakaurunga Botox ki te kore e tukuna tika.

Ko te botulism manawa he mea tino onge, ā, ka puta noa i ngā aituā taiwhanga, i ngā āhuatanga terrorism rānei.

He aha te take o te botulism?

Ko te botulism te take o ngā poizon e whakaputahia ana e ngā pūkohukohu Clostridium botulinum. Kei roto i te oneone enei pūkohukohu, ā, ka ora i ngā taiao kahore he hau ma te hanga i ngā pūkohukohu tiaki.

Ka noho ngā pūkohukohu hei mea kino ina kitea e rātou ngā āhuatanga tika hei tupu me te whakaputa i ō rātou poizon. Ka tupu rātou i ngā taiao iti-hau, iti-waikawa me ngā taumata pāmahana me te makuku tika.

Ko ēnei ngā puna tino noa ka taea te whanake o te botulism:

• Ngā kai kua whakapakarihia ki te kāinga, ina koa ngā huawhenua iti-waikawa penei i ngā piini kākāriki, te kākano, me ngā pīti
• Ngā ika me te mīti kāore i tiakina tika
• Te honi (he mea kino mō ngā pēpi)
• Te karika e pupuri ana i te hinu i te pāmahana rūma
• Ngā pōtēto tunua kua takai ki te pepa, kua waiho ki te pāmahana rūma
• Ngā whara kua pangia, ina koa ngā wāhi whakauru

Ko ngā tukanga whakapakari hokohoko te nuinga o te haumaru na te mea ka whakamahi rātou i ngā pāmahana teitei me ngā taumata waikawa tika e whakamate ana i ngā pūkohukohu me ngā pūkohukohu tiaki. Ko te tūponotanga e puta mai ana i te tiaki kai kāinga ina kore e whai tikanga tika.

He mea tika te kī he tino kaha ngā pūkohukohu pūkohukohu, ā, ka ora i te wai kohua. Heoi, ka pakaru te poizon i te wera ki ngā pāmahana teitei mō etahi meneti.

Nōhea te haere ki te taote mō te botulism?

Me rapu awhina hauora ā-waho tonu koe mena kei a koe, kei tetahi atu rānei e mohiotia ana e koe ngā tohu e taea ai te tohu i te botulism. He mate hauora tēnei e hiahia ana ki te maimoatanga wawe.

Karangahia te 111, haere rānei ki te rūma ā-waho tonu mena ka kite koe i ēnei tohu whakatūpato:

• Te uaua ohorere ki te kite mārama, te tiro rua rānei
• Te uaua ki te kōrero, ki te horomi rānei
• Te ngoikore o ngā uaua e horapa ana i tō tinana
• Te uaua ki te manawa, te poto o te manawa rānei
• Ngā kamo e taupoki ana me ētahi atu tohu

Kaua e tatari kia pai ake ngā tohu. Ka taea e te botulism te tere haere, ā, ko te maimoatanga wawe me te antitoxin ka taea te aukati i te kino o te mate.

Mena ka whakaaro koe kua kai koe i te kai kua pangia, rapu awhina hauora ahakoa i mua i te puta mai o ngā tohu. Ka taea e tō taote te awhina ki te whakatau mena ka hiahiatia te maimoatanga me te tirotiro i a koe mō ngā tohu o te mate.

He aha ngā take tūponotanga mō te botulism?

Ka taea e ētahi āhuatanga me ngā mahi te whakapiki ake i ō tūponotanga ki te whanake i te botulism. Ko te mōhio ki ēnei take tūponotanga ka āhei te awhina i a koe ki te tango i ngā mahi aukati.

Ka piki pea tō tūponotanga mena ka whakauru tonu koe ki ēnei mahi:

• Te whakapakari kāinga me te kore e whai i ngā aratohu haumaru tika
• Te kai i ngā kai kua whakapakarihia ki te kāinga mai i ngā puna kahore e mohiotia
• Te kai i te karika kua tiakina i roto i ngā ranunga hinu
• Te whakamahi i ngā rongoā whakauru, ina koa te heroin pango
• Te whara kua pangia

Ko ngā pēpi kei raro iho i te 12 marama he take tūponotanga motuhake. Kāore ō ratou pūnaha kai i te pakeke hei aukati i ngā pūkohukohu botulism mai i te tupu, koia te take kaua rawa e hoatu te honi me te wai huka kākano ki ngā pēpi iti.

Ka taea hoki e te wāhi te whai wāhi. Ko ētahi wāhi he nui ake ngā pūkohukohu botulism i roto i te oneone, ka taea te whakapiki ake i te tūponotanga o te botulism whara, te pangia rānei o ngā kai i whānau mai i te rohe.

Ko ngā tāngata he pūnaha ārai mate ngoikore pea he tūponotanga nui ake, ahakoa ka taea e te botulism te pā ki te tangata ahakoa te hauora whānui.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te botulism?

Ahakoa ka ora te nuinga o ngā tāngata i te botulism me te maimoatanga tika, ka taea e te mate te arahi ki ngā raruraru kino, ina koa ki te whakaroa te maimoatanga. Ko te mārama ki ēnei raruraru pea ka āhei te whakamārama i te take he mea nui te tiaki hauora tere.

Ko te raruraru tino tere me te kino ko te kore manawa. I te wā e whakaitihia ana e te poizon ō uaua manawa, pea ka hiahia koe ki te manawa miihini hei awhina i a koe ki te manawa kia tae rawa atu te poizon i tō pūnaha.

Ko ētahi atu raruraru pea ko:

• Te ngoikore o ngā uaua roa e roa ana ngā wiki ki ngā marama
• Te uaua ki te horomi e hiahia ana ki ngā tūpū kai
• Ngā raruraru kōrero pea ka mau tonu i te wā whakaora
• Te mate huhu manawa mai i te kai, i ngā wai rānei e tomo ana ki ngā ngāwari
• Ngā toto kōtiti mai i te kore neke roa
• Ngā pānga hinengaro mai i te tukanga whakaora roa

Ko te rongo pai ko te nuinga o ngā raruraru ka taea te whakahaere tika me te tiaki hauora tika. Ka ora te nuinga o ngā tāngata, ahakoa pea ka roa ngā marama kia hoki mai te kaha o ngā uaua ki te noa.

Ko ētahi tāngata pea ka rongo i te ngenge me te ngoikore tae noa ki te tau i muri i to ratou mate, engari he onge te kore e taea te ora tonu mai i te botulism ina tukuna te maimoatanga wawe.

Me pēhea te aukati i te botulism?

Ko te rongo pai rawa atu mō te botulism ko te nuinga o te aukati ma ngā tikanga whakahaere kai me ngā mahi haumaru tika. Ko te tango i ngā whakaritenga tika ka taea te whakaiti i ō tūponotanga ki te whakamahinga.

Ko ēnei ngā rautaki aukati tino whai hua mō te haumaru kai:

• Whai i ngā tunu kai kua whakamātauhia me ngā tukanga whakapakari tika mō te tiaki kāinga
• Pupuri i ngā kai kua whakapakarihia i ngā wāhi makariri, maroke, tirohia hoki ngā ipu e pupū ana, e rere ana, kua pakaru rānei
• Whakamātao i ngā ranunga karika-i-hinu, whakamahia hoki i roto i te wiki
• Kaua e hoatu te honi ki ngā pēpi kei raro iho i te 12 marama te pakeke
• Whakamātao i ngā pōtēto tunua i muri i te tunu mena kāore i kai tonu
• Werahia ngā kai kua whakapakarihia ki te kāinga ki te kohua mō te 10 meneti i mua i te kai

Mō te tiaki whara, pupuri i ngā kotinga me ngā whara katoa kia ma, kia takai tika. Rapua awhina hauora mō ngā whara e whakaatu ana i ngā tohu o te pangia, penei i te whero, te wera, te pupū, te tukunga rānei.

Mena ka whakamahi koe i ngā rongoā whakauru, ko te whakamahi i ngā ngira ma me te karo i ngā rongoā huarahi penei i te heroin pango ka taea te whakaiti i ō tūponotanga ki te botulism whara.

Whakawhirinaki ki ō tūmanako mō te haumaru kai. Mena he mea ke te ahua, te kakara, te reka rānei, kaua e kai. Ki te ruarua, maka atu.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te botulism?

Ko te whakatau i te botulism e pā ana ki te arotake tika i ō tohu me tō hītori hauora, me ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga motuhake. Ka tīmata tō taote ma te ui i ngā pātai taipitopito mō ngā mea kua kai koe me ētahi atu mahi hou.

Ko te tukanga whakatau e tīmata ana i te whakamātautau tinana tika. Ka whakamātautau tō taote i te kaha o ō uaua, ngā whakautu, me ngā nekehanga kanohi hei titiro ki te tauira ngoikore e puta mai ana i te botulism.

He maha ngā whakamātautau ka āhei te awhina i te whakau i te whakatau:

• Ngā whakamātautau toto hei kite i te poizon botulism
• Ngā tauira paru hei titiro ki ngā pūkohukohu, ki te poizon rānei
• Te whakamātautau i ngā puna kai e whakapaetia ana
• Te electromyography (EMG) hei ine i te mahi uaua me te io
• Te lumbar puncture hei whakakore i ētahi atu āhuatanga neurological

Ka roa pea ngā rā hei whakau i te taiwhanga, no reira pea ka tīmata tō taote i te maimoatanga i runga i ō tohu me te whakaaturanga hauora, kaua e tatari mō ngā hua whakamātautau.

Ka mahi tahi hoki tō rōpū hauora ki te kimi i te puna o tō whakamahinga. Pea ka uru atu tēnei ki te whakamātautau i te kai i toe, te tirotiro i ngā whara, te rangahau rānei i ētahi atu puna pea i runga i ō mahi hou.

He aha te maimoatanga mō te botulism?

Ko te maimoatanga mō te botulism e aro ana ki te tautoko i tō tinana i te wā e horo haere ana te poizon i tō pūnaha, me te whakarato i te antitoxin hei aukati i te kino atu. Ko te tere o te tīmatanga o te maimoatanga, ko te pai ake o ō tūponotanga ki te ora tonu.

Ko te maimoatanga matua ko te antitoxin botulism, ka taea te aukati i te poizon mai i te whakaiti i te kino o ngā io. Heoi, kāore e taea te whakahoki mai i te kino kua puta kē, koia te take he mea nui te maimoatanga wawe.

Pea ka uru atu tō tiaki hauora ki:

• Te antitoxin botulism intravenous hei whakakore i te poizon e rere ana
• Te manawa miihini mena ka pā te ngoikore o ngā uaua manawa
• Ngā tūpū kai mena ka uaua te horomi
• Te rongoā tinana hei pupuri i te mahi uaua
• Ngā rongoā hei whakahaere i ngā raruraru penei i ngā mate
• Te horoi whara me ngā rongoā mō te botulism whara

Mō te botulism pēpi, ka whakamahi ngā taote i te antitoxin motuhake e kiia nei ko te Botulism Immune Globulin Intravenous (BIG-IV) i hanga motuhake mō ngā pēpi.

Ko te whakaora te nuinga o te ngawari engari te pumau. Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata e hiahia ana ki ngā wiki ki ngā marama i te hohipera, ka whai ake te whakaora roa i te kāinga. Ka horo haere te poizon, ā, ka hoki mai ngā hononga io.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i ngā tohu i te kāinga i te wā whakaora?

Ko te tiaki kāinga i te wā whakaora botulism e aro ana ki te tautoko i tō whakaora me te aukati i ngā raruraru i te wā e hoki mai ana tō kaha. E hiahia ana tenei wāhanga ki te manawanui, na te mea ka roa ngā marama te whakaora.

Kia pumau koe ki te haere atu i te hohipera, me uru atu tō mahi tiaki kāinga ki ngā mahi rongoā tinana kia mau tonu te kaha o ngā uaua me te aukati i te ngoikore. Ka whakaako tō kaiwhakaora i a koe i ngā mahi haumaru e rite ana ki ō kaha o nāianei.

Ko ēnei ngā āhuatanga nui o te whakaora kāinga:

• Te whai i te kai horomi haumaru e taunakitia ana e tō kaiwhakaora kōrero
• Te tango i ngā rongoā tika i te mea i whakaritea
• Te haere ki ngā huihuinga whai muri katoa
• Te whiwhi i te okioki tika i te wā e noho ana i te mea ka taea te haumaru
• Te kai i ngā kai kai pai hei tautoko i te whakaora
• Te tirotiro mō ngā tohu o ngā raruraru

Tirohia ngā tohu whakatūpato e hiahia ana ki te tiaki hauora ā-waho tonu, penei i te kino o te uaua ki te manawa, te whakapiki ake o te ngoikore, ngā tohu o te pangia, ngā raruraru rānei ki te horomi e whakatūpono ana koe ki te ngāwari.

Ka kite te nuinga o ngā tāngata ko te whakaora he piki me te heke. Ko ētahi rā pea ka kaha ake koe, ko ētahi atu pea ka uaua ake. He mea noa tēnei, ā, ko te pai haere ngāwari te tauira noa.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō huihuinga taote?

Ko te whakarite mō tō huihuinga hauora ka āhei te whakarite kia whiwhi koe i te whakatau tika me te tiaki tika. Ko te whai i ngā mōhiohio taipitopito ka āhei te awhina i tō taote ki te mārama tere ki tō āhuatanga.

I mua i tō huihuinga, tuhia katoa ngā mea ka taea e koe te mahara mō tō kai hou, ina koa i te wiki kua pahure. Hei tāpiri atu ki ngā kai kua whakapakarihia ki te kāinga, ngā kai wharekai, me ētahi atu kai i reka ke.

Kawe mai ēnei mōhiohio nui ki a koe:

• Te rārangi wā taipitopito o te tīmatanga o ngā tohu me te āhua o te haere whakamua
• Rārangi o ngā kai katoa i kai i ngā rā 7-10 kua pahure
• Ngā puna kai e whakapaetia ana, tae atu ki ngā ipu, i ngā toenga rānei
• Ngā rongoā o nāianei me ngā āhuatanga hauora
• Ngā whara hou, ngā pokanga, ngā tukanga hauora rānei
• Ngā korero whakapā mō ētahi atu i kai i ngā kai kotahi

Mena ka taea, kawe mai ētahi puna kai e whakapaetia ana ki a koe, tiaki rānei mō te whakamātautau. Kaua e maka atu ngā kai kua pangia pea, na te mea ka āhei te whakamātautau ki te whakau i te whakatau me te tiaki i ētahi atu.

Tuhia ō pātai i mua, na te mea pea ka rongo koe i te nui i te wā o te huihuinga. Ui mō ngā whiringa maimoatanga, te wā whakaora e tumanakohia ana, me ngā tohu hei tirotiro i te kāinga.

He aha te mea nui mō te botulism?

Ko te botulism he mate kino engari he mate ka taea te whakaora e te nuinga o te aukati ma ngā tikanga haumaru kai tika. Ahakoa pea ka wehi ki te whakaaro, ko te mārama ki ngā meka ka āhei te awhina i a koe ki te noho haumaru me te mohio ki te wa hei rapu awhina.

Ko te mea nui hei mahara ko te botulism he mate hauora ā-waho e hiahia ana ki te maimoatanga wawe. Mena ka kite koe i ngā tohu penei i te tiro rua, te uaua ki te horomi, te ngoikore rānei o ngā uaua e horapa ana, kaua e tatari ki te rapu tiaki hauora.

Ko te aukati tonu tō tiaki pai rawa atu. Ko te whai i ngā tikanga whakahaere kai haumaru, ngā tikanga whakapakari tika, me te tiaki whara pai ka taea te whakaiti i ō tūponotanga ki te whakamahinga.

Me te maimoatanga hauora wawe, ka ora te nuinga o ngā tāngata i te botulism, ahakoa ka roa te tukanga me te manawanui. Ko ngā pānga o te poizon he mea wā, ā, ka hoki mai tō kaha i te wā e ora ana ō io.

Ngā pātai e ui pinepinetia ana mō te botulism

Ka taea te whiwhi botulism mai i ngā kai kua whakapakarihia i te toa?

He tino onge te botulism mai i ngā kai kua whakapakarihia i te hokohoko i ngā whenua whānui. Ko ngā tukanga whakapakari hokohoko e whakamahi ana i ngā pāmahana teitei me ngā taumata waikawa tika e whakamate ana i ngā pūkohukohu botulism me ngā pūkohukohu tiaki. Ko te nuinga o ngā keehi botulism e puta mai ana i ngā kai kua whakapakarihia ki te kāinga, i ētahi atu kai kua tiakina ki te kāinga rānei, kei reira ngā tikanga haumaru tika kāore i whaihia.

E hia te roa te whakaora mai i te botulism?

Ko te whakaora mai i te botulism e roa ana ngā marama. Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata e noho ana i ngā wiki ki ngā marama i te hohipera, ka whai ake te whakaora roa i te kāinga. Ka hoki mai tō kaha uaua i te wā e horo haere ana te poizon i tō pūnaha, ka hoki mai ngā io. Ko ētahi tāngata pea ka rongo i te ngenge iti, te ngoikore rānei tae noa ki te tau, engari ka ora te nuinga me te maimoatanga tika.

He mate pāngia te botulism mai i te tangata ki te tangata?

Kāo, kāore e taea te horapa o te botulism mai i te tangata ki te tangata ma te hononga noa, te manawa, te pa rānei. Ka taea noa e koe te whiwhi botulism ma te whakamahinga o te poizon botulism, te nuinga ma te kai kua pangia, ngā whara kua pangia, i ngā keehi onge rānei, te manawa. Ka taea noa te pānga o ngā mema whānau mena i whakamahinga rātou i te puna kotahi kua pangia.

Ka taea e te wera kai te whakamate i te poizon botulism?

Ae, ko te wera i te kai ki te pāmahana kohua (212°F, 100°C rānei) mō te 10 meneti ka taea te whakamate i te poizon botulism. Heoi, kāore tēnei e whakamate i ngā pūkohukohu pūkohukohu tino kaha e ora ana i ngā pāmahana teitei ake. Koia te take he mea tika ngā tikanga whakapakari tika e whakamahi ana i te pehanga me te wera teitei hei aukati i te botulism i te tīmatanga.

He aha te kore e taea e ngā pēpi te kai honi na te tūponotanga botulism?

Ka taea e te honi te whakauru i ngā pūkohukohu botulism e kore e kino ki ngā tamariki pakeke me ngā pakeke na te mea ko ō tātou pūnaha kai pakeke e aukati ana i ngā pūkohukohu mai i te tupu. Heoi, ko ngā pēpi kei raro iho i te 12 marama he pūnaha kai kāore i te pakeke e taea te aukati i ēnei pūkohukohu mai i te whakatipu, te tupu, me te whakaputa poizon i roto i ō ratou whekau. Ka taea tēnei te arahi ki te botulism pēpi, koia te take kaua rawa e hoatu te honi ki ngā pēpi kei raro iho i te tau kotahi.