He aha te Bronchiolitis? Tohutohu, Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ko te bronchiolitis tetahi mate ngāwari o te pūkahukahu e pā ana ki ngā ara hau iti rawa atu i roto i ngā pūkahukahu o tō pēpi, e kiia nei ko ngā bronchioles. Ka pupū enei pūtu iti ka kīia ki te waiū, ka uaua ai te manawa mō tō tamaiti.

Ko te nuinga o ngā tamariki kei raro iho i te 2 tau te pakeke e pā ana ki tenei āhuatanga, ā, ko te nuinga o ngā keehi i waenganui i te 3 ki te 6 marama te pakeke. Ahakoa ka āwangawanga pea koe hei mātua, ka ora te nuinga o ngā tamariki i te kāinga me te tiaki tautoko me te okioki nui.

He aha ngā tohu o te bronchiolitis?

Ka tīmata te bronchiolitis me te mate huka noa iho, ka pangia haere te manawa o tō tamaiti i roto i ngā rā maha. Ka puta haere ngā tohu, ā, ka āwhina tēnei ki a koe ki te mohio he aha te mea kei te puta.

Ko ēnei ngā tohu tuatahi ka kite pea koe:

• Ihu rewa, rānei kīa
• Te kirika iti (kāore i te nui atu i te 101°F)
• Te mare mare e ātaahua ana i te tīmatanga
• Te heke iti o te hiahia kai
• Te riri, te ngākau pouri rānei

I te whakawhānui o te āhuatanga, ka puta ngā tohu e pā ana ki te manawa. Ka puta ēnei nā te pupū o ngā ara hau iti ka whakaputa atu i te waiū.

Ko ngā tohu manawa e whai ake nei:

• Te manawa tere, te kaha rānei ki te manawa
• Te tangi o te wheezing i te manawa
• Te mare mare tonu e ātaahua ana, e kīa ana rānei ki te waiū
• Te uaua ki te whāngai, ki te kai rānei nā te raruraru o te manawa
• Ngā whakaheke o te uma (te kiri e toia ana ki ngā riu i te manawa)

Ko te nuinga o ngā tamariki e pā ana ki ngā tohu ngāwari ki te waenga e pai ake ana i roto i te wiki ki te 10 rā. Heoi, ka roa pea te mare mare mō ngā wiki maha i te wā e ora ai ngā ara hau.

He aha ngā take o te bronchiolitis?

Ko te bronchiolitis te mate huaketo e pā ana ki ngā ara hau iti i roto i ngā pūkahukahu o tō tamaiti. Ko te mea tino nui ko te huaketo syncytial manawa, ko te RSV rānei, e 70% te nui o ngā keehi.

He maha ngā huaketo ka taea te whakaoho i te bronchiolitis, ā, ko te mārama ki a rātou ka āwhina ki te whakamārama he aha i maha ai ngā tamariki e whiwhi ana i te maha o ngā wā:

• Te huaketo syncytial manawa (RSV) – ko te take tino nui
• Te huaketo rhinovirus tangata – ko te huaketo ano e whakaoho ana i ngā mate huka noa
• Te huaketo parainfluenza – he rerekē i te huaketo mate huka noa
• Te huaketo metapneumovirus tangata – kāore i te noa, engari he rite ki te RSV
• Te huaketo adenovirus – ka taea te whakaoho i ngā tohu nui ake

Ka horapa ngā huaketo nei mā ngā matū manawa i te wā e mare mare ana, e ngunguru ana, e kōrero ana rānei ngā tāngata kua pangia. Ka taea hoki e tō tamaiti te hopu i te huaketo mā te pā ki ngā papa kua whakapokekeke, ka pā ki tōna mata.

Ko te take i pā nui ai ngā pēpi me ngā tamariki iti ko te iti o ō rātou ara hau. I te wā e pupū ana te mumura me te waiū, ahakoa he iti te pupū, ka pā nui ki ō rātou manawa.

Nōhea te haere ki te taote mō te bronchiolitis?

Me whakapiri atu koe ki tō tākuta pēpi mena ka puta mai tetahi raruraru manawa ki tō tamaiti, ahakoa he ngāwari te ahua i te tīmatanga. Ko te aromatawai wawe ka āwhina i te whakarite kia whiwhi tō tamaiti i te tiaki me te tirotiro tika.

Waea atu ki te tari o tō taote i ngā hāora noa mena ka kite koe:

• Te manawa tere atu i te noa, te kaha rānei ki te manawa
• Ngā tangi o te wheezing i te manawa
• Te uaua ki te whāngai, ki te whakakahore rānei i te kai
• Te kirika i ngā pēpi kei raro iho i te 3 marama te pakeke
• Ngā tohu o te ngauwai penei i ngā kakahu makuku iti

Rapua te tiaki mate tere mena ka whakaatu tō tamaiti i tetahi o ēnei tohu whakatūpato nui. Ka whakaatu ēnei tohu kei te hiahia tō tamaiti ki te tiaki hauora tere:

• Te tae kikorangi, te hina rānei o ngā ngutu, te mata, te ngākau rānei
• Te uaua nui ki te manawa, te ngauwai rānei mō te hau
• Ngā wā roa i te manawa
• Te ngenge nui, te uaua rānei ki te noho ara
• Ngā tohu o te ngauwai nui

Whakawhirinaki ki ō pūmanawa mātua. Mena kaore tetahi mea e tika ana, kei te manukanuka rānei koe ki te manawa o tō tamaiti, he pai tonu te rapu whakaaro hauora i te wa poto.

He aha ngā take morearea mō te bronchiolitis?

He maha ngā take e āhei ai ngā tamariki ki te whāngai i te bronchiolitis, ki te wheako rānei i ngā tohu nui ake. Ko te mārama ki ēnei morearea ka āwhina i a koe ki te tango i ngā whakaritenga atu i te wā o te wā nui.

Ko ngā take morearea e pā ana ki te pakeke e whai ake nei:

• Ko te noho kei raro iho i te 6 marama te pakeke, ina koa kei raro iho i te 3 marama
• Te whānau wawe (i mua i te 37 wiki)
• Te taumaha iti o te whānau

Ko ngā āhuatanga hauora e whakapiki ana i te morearea e pā ana ki ngā take e pā ana ki te mahi pūkahukahu, ki te kaha rānei o te pūnaha mate:

• Te mate pūkahukahu roa, te raruraru manawa rānei
• Te mate ngākau whānau
• Te pūnaha mate ngoikore
• Ngā mate neuromusculoskeletal e pā ana ki te manawa

Ka takaro hoki ngā take taiao me te hapori i te taumata morearea o tō tamaiti:

• Te whakamahinga o te paowa taaka
• Te haere ki te tiaki tamariki, te whānau tuakana rānei
• Te noho i roto i ngā wāhi kīa
• Te whānau i te wā o te RSV (te ngahuru ki te tīmatanga o te puna)
• Kāore i te whāngai u

Ahakoa kaore e taea e koe te whakarereke i ētahi take morearea penei i te wawe, ka taea e koe te whakaiti i te whakamahinga o te paowa me te mahi i te horoi ringa pai hei whakaiti i te morearea o tō tamaiti.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te bronchiolitis?

Ko te nuinga o ngā tamariki ka ora mai i te bronchiolitis kaore he raruraru roa, engari ka whāngai etahi i ngā raruraru e hiahia ana ki te tiaki atu. Ko te mohio ki ēnei wāhi ka āwhina i a koe ki te mataara mō te aha e titiro ana.

Ko ngā raruraru tino noa e pā ana ki ngā raruraru manawa me te whāngai:

• Te ngauwai mai i te uaua ki te whāngai, ki te inu rānei
• Ngā mate huaketo tuarua i roto i ngā taringa, ngā pūkahukahu rānei
• Ngā raruraru manawa nui e hiahia ana ki te noho whare hauora
• Ngā wā poto ka mutu te manawa (apnea)

Ka wheako pea etahi tamariki i ngā pānga roa ake, ahakoa he ngāwari te whakahaere i ēnei me te tiaki tika:

• Te mare mare tonu e roa ana i ngā wiki maha
• Te whakapiki ake o te morearea o te wheezing me ngā mate manawa i muri mai
• Te tupono iti ake o te whāngai i te mate huango i muri mai i te tamarikitanga

Ka taea te puta mai o ngā raruraru nui, engari he onge, ina koa i ngā tamariki morearea nui. Kei roto i ēnei te kore manawa e hiahia ana ki te tautoko whakaora nui, ā, he tino onge, ngā raruraru pūkahukahu roa.

Ko te rongo pai ko te tirotiro me te tiaki tika, ka taea te ārai, te whakaora rānei i te nuinga o ngā raruraru. Ka titiro tata tō rōpū hauora ki ngā tohu o te kino o ngā tohu.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te bronchiolitis?

Ka taea e tō taote te whakatau i te bronchiolitis mā te whakarongo ki ngā tohu o tō tamaiti me te tirotiro tika. Ko te whakatau i runga i ngā tohu hauora, kāore i ngā whakamātautau uaua.

I te whakamātautau tinana, ka whakarongo tō tākuta pēpi ki ngā pūkahukahu o tō tamaiti me te stethoscope. Ka tirotirohia e rātou ngā tangi o te wheezing, ka aromatawai i ngā tauira manawa, ka titiro ki ngā tohu o te mate manawa.

Ka aromatawai hoki tō taote i te āhuatanga whānui o tō tamaiti, tae atu ki te āhua o te ngauwai, te taumata kaha, me te kaha ki te whāngai. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakatau he tika te tiaki kāinga, he hiahia rānei ki te maimoatanga whare hauora.

Ka whakamahia etahi whakamātautau atu, engari kāore i te hiahiatia katoa mō te whakatau:

• Te oximetry pā ki te ine i ngā taumata hau i roto i te toto
• Te swab ihu ki te tautuhi i te huaketo motuhake e whakaoho ana i te mate
• Te X-ray uma mena ka whakapaehia te mate pūkahukahu
• Ngā whakamātautau toto mena he āwangawanga te mate huaketo

Ko te whakamātautau huaketo hei āwhina i te whakahaere mate i roto i ngā whare hauora, i ngā wāhi tiaki tamariki rānei. Kāore i te whakarereke i te huarahi maimoatanga, nā te mea ka aro te tiaki bronchiolitis ki te tautoko i te manawa o tō tamaiti me te whakamarie, ahakoa te huaketo motuhake.

He aha te maimoatanga mō te bronchiolitis?

Ko te maimoatanga mō te bronchiolitis ka aro ki te tautoko i te manawa o tō tamaiti me te pupuri i a rātou i te whakamarie i te wā e whawhai ana ō rātou tinana ki te mate huaketo. Kāore he rongoā huaketo motuhake e whakaora ana i te bronchiolitis.

Ko ngā whāinga matua o te maimoatanga ko te pupuri i ngā ara hau kia mā, te whakarite i te ngauwai tika, me te tirotiro i te manawa. Ka taea te tiaki i te nuinga o ngā tamariki i te kāinga me ēnei mahi tautoko.

Ko ngā rautaki tiaki kāinga ka taea te āwhina i tō tamaiti kia pai ake te ahua:

• Te whakamahi i te humidifier hau makariri hei āwhina i te wehe i te waiū
• Te tuku i ngā wai iti, maha
• Te tango ihu ngawari me te syringe pūpū
• Te pupuri i te ulu o tō tamaiti kia piki ake i te moe
• Te whakarite i te okioki nui i roto i te taiao mārama

Ka hiahiatia pea te maimoatanga whare hauora mō ngā tamariki he tohu nui, he morearea nui rānei mō ngā raruraru. Ko te tiaki whare hauora e whakauru ana ki te rongoā hau, ngā wai intravenous, me te tirotiro tata o te manawa.

Ko ētahi maimoatanga e āhei ana te āwhina kāore i te tūtohutia mō te bronchiolitis. Kei roto i ēnei ngā rongoā mate huaketo (nā te mea he huaketo), ngā rongoā mare mare mō ngā tamariki iti, me ngā rongoā bronchodilator penei i te albuterol i te nuinga o ngā keehi.

Ko te ora ka roa pea i te 7 ki te 10 rā mō ngā tohu nui, ahakoa ka roa pea te mare mare o tō tamaiti mō ngā wiki maha i te wā e ora ai ōna ara hau.

Me pēhea te whakarato i te maimoatanga kāinga i te wā o te bronchiolitis?

Ko te tiaki i tō tamaiti me te bronchiolitis i te kāinga e whakauru ana ki ngā mahi ngāwari engari he mea nui hei pupuri i a rātou i te whakamarie me te tautoko i ō rātou ora. Ko tō aro nui kia āwhina i a rātou ki te manawa ngāwari ake me te pupuri i te ngauwai.

Ko te hanga i te taiao whakamarie ka taea te āwhina nui i te manawa o tō tamaiti. Whakamahia he humidifier hau makariri i roto i tōna ruma hei tāpiri i te makuku ki te hau, e āwhina ana i te whakaheke i te waiū ka ngāwari ake te manawa.

Ko te whāngai me te ngauwai e hiahia ana ki te aro motuhake i te wā o te bronchiolitis, nā te mea ka uaua pea te kai ki te raruraru o te manawa:

• Tuku i ngā whāngai iti ake, maha atu rānei
• Whāngai u i te maha o ngā wā e tango ai tō pēpi
• Mō ngā pēpi pakeke ake, ngana ki te tuku i ngā inu wai iti
• Whakamārama i te ihu ngawari i mua i te whāngai hei āwhina i te manawa
• Tangohia ngā okioki i te wā e whāngai ana mena ka ngenge tō tamaiti

Ka nui te mahi tiaki ihu, nā te mea ko ngā pēpi anake te manawa mā ō rātou ihu. Whakamahia ngā matū ihu saline ka whai ake ko te tango ngawari me te syringe pūpū hei āwhina i te whakamārama i te waiū.

Ko te whakahaere i te kirika me te mamae ngāwari e whakauru ana ki te hoatu i ngā rongoā e tika ana mō te pakeke o te acetaminophen, te ibuterol rānei mena ka tūtohuhia e tō taote. Kaua rawa e hoatu te aspirin ki ngā tamariki nā te morearea o te mate Reye.

He mea nui te okioki mō te ora, na ngana ki te pupuri i te taiao mārama, mārama. Ka moe pea tō tamaiti nui atu i te noa, he mea noa tēnei, he āwhina hoki mō te ora.

Me pēhea te ārai i te bronchiolitis?

Ahakoa kaore e taea e koe te ārai katoa i te bronchiolitis, he maha ngā rautaki ka taea te whakaiti nui i te morearea o tō tamaiti ki te pangia. Ko ngā mahi horoi pai te turanga o te ārai.

Ko te horoi ringa tō taputapu kaha rawa atu mō te ārai. Horoihia ō ringa i te maha o ngā wā me te hopi me te wai, ina koa i mua i te pupuri i tō pēpi, ā, whakatenatenahia te katoa o tō whare ki te mahi i te mea ano.

Ko te tiaki i tō pēpi mai i te whakamahinga e whakauru ana ki te mahi i ngā whiringa whakaaro mō ngā mahi pāpori, ina koa i te wā nui:

• Whakaitihia te whakamahinga ki ngā mano i te wā o te RSV (te ngahuru ki te tīmatanga o te puna)
• Pātai atu ki ngā manuhiri kia horoi ō rātou ringa i mua i te pupuri i tō pēpi
• Pupuri i tō pēpi i tawhiti atu i ngā tāngata he tohu mate huka
• Whakaarohia te whakaroa i te rehita tiaki tamariki mō ngā pēpi tino iti, he morearea nui rānei

Ka taea hoki e ngā mahi tiaki taiao te āwhina i te whakaiti i te morearea:

• Pupuri i tō kāinga kia kore rawa he paowa
• Horoi me te whakakore i ngā papa i te maha o ngā wā, ina koa ngā taonga takaro me ngā tutaki
• Kaua e tuwha ngā kapu, ngā taputapu, ngā taonga takaro rānei me ngā tamariki mate
• Whakaritea te hau pai i roto i tō kāinga

Mō ngā pēpi morearea nui, ka tūtohu pea tō taote i tetahi rongoā motuhake e kiia nei ko te palivizumab. Ka taea e tēnei whakaurunga marama i te wā o te RSV te āwhina i te ārai i te mate nui i ngā pēpi wawe me ngā pēpi he āhuatanga hauora motuhake.

Ko te whāngai u e whakarato ana i ngā antibodies taiao ka taea te āwhina i te tiaki i tō pēpi mai i ngā mate manawa, tae atu ki ngā mea e whakaoho ana i te bronchiolitis.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō hui taote?

Ko te whakarite mō tō haerenga ki te taote ka āwhina i te whakarite kia whiwhi koe i ngā korero me ngā aratohu tino āwhina mō te tiaki o tō tamaiti. Ko te whai i ngā korero mā te āhei ai tō tākuta pēpi ki te mahi i te aromatawai pai.

I mua i tō hui, tuhia ngā tohu o tō tamaiti me te wā i tīmata ai. Whakauruhia ngā korero mō ngā tauira manawa, ngā raruraru whāngai, te kirika, me ngā huringa i roto i te whāinga, te taumata kaha rānei.

Ko ngā korero nui hei kawea mai e whai ake nei:

• Te raupapa o te wā i tīmata ai ngā tohu me te āhua o te huringa
• Ngā rongoā, ngā maimoatanga rānei kei te whakamahia e koe
• Ngā korero mō te kai, te inu, me ngā kakahu makuku
• Tetahi whakamahinga tata ki ngā tāngata mate
• Te hītori hauora o tō tamaiti me ngā āhuatanga hauora o nāianei

Whakaritea ngā pātai motuhake e hiahia ana koe ki te ui ki tō taote. Whakaarohia te ui mō ngā tohu whakatūpato hei mataara, te wā hei waea mai, me te aha e tumanakohia ana i te wā e ora ana.

I te wā o te haerenga, kaua e whakaroa ki te ui mō te whakamārama mena kaore koe e mārama ki tetahi mea. E hiahia ana tō taote kia whakawhirinaki koe ki te tiaki i tō tamaiti i te kāinga.

Uihia mō ngā mahere whai muri, tae atu ki te wā hei whakarite i tetahi haerenga hoki mai me ngā tohu e whakaoho ana i tetahi waea wawe ake. Ko te whai i tetahi mahere mārama ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te manukanuka me te whakarite i te tiaki tika.

He aha te mea nui mō te bronchiolitis?

Ko te bronchiolitis he āhuatanga noa, he ngāwari te whakahaere i te nuinga o te wā e pā ana ki te manawa o ngā tamariki iti nā ngā mate huaketo i roto i ngā ara hau iti. Ahakoa ka āwangawanga pea te matakitaki i tō tamaiti e whawhai ana ki ngā raruraru manawa, ka ora te nuinga o ngā tamariki me te tiaki tautoko.

Ko te mea tino nui hei mahara ko te bronchiolitis e pai ake ana i te nuinga o te wā i roto i te 7 ki te 10 rā. Ko tō mahi hei mātua ka aro ki te pupuri i tō tamaiti i te whakamarie, te whakarite i te ngauwai tika, me te mataara mō ngā tohu whakatūpato e hiahia ana ki te tiaki hauora.

Whakawhirinaki ki ō pūmanawa hei mātua. Mena kei te manukanuka koe ki te manawa o tō tamaiti, ki tō āhuatanga whānui rānei, kaua e whakaroa ki te whakapiri atu ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora mō te aratohu me te whakamarie.

Me te tiaki me te tirotiro tika, ka taea e ngā tamariki me te bronchiolitis te ora katoa ka hoki ki ō rātou oranga noa, kaha. Ko te wheako, ahakoa he āwangawanga, kāore i te tino whakaoho i ngā raruraru hauora roa.

Ngā pātai noa e uihia ana mō te bronchiolitis

E hā o te roa o te bronchiolitis?

Ko te nuinga o ngā tamariki ka ora mai i ngā tohu nui o te bronchiolitis i roto i te 7 ki te 10 rā. Heoi, ka roa pea te mare mare mō te 2 ki te 4 wiki i te wā e ora tonu ana ngā ara hau. Ka taea e etahi tamariki te wheezing me ngā mate huka i muri mai mō ngā marama maha, engari ka mutu tēnei i te wā.

Ka taea e taku tamaiti te whiwhi bronchiolitis neke atu i te kotahi wā?

Ae, ka taea e ngā tamariki te whiwhi bronchiolitis i ngā wā maha, nā te mea ka taea e ngā huaketo rerekē te whakaoho, ā, ko te ārai ki tetahi huaketo kāore e tiaki i ētahi atu. Heoi, ko ngā wā tukurua he ngāwari ake i te tuatahi, ā, ka heke te morearea i te wā e nui haere ana ngā ara hau o tō tamaiti.

He mate pukupuku te bronchiolitis?

Ko ngā huaketo e whakaoho ana i te bronchiolitis he tino mate pukupuku, ka horapa mā ngā matū manawa me ngā papa kua whakapokekeke. Ko tō tamaiti te tino mate pukupuku i ngā rā tuatahi i te wā he tohu mate huka.

Me whakamahi rānei au i te nebulizer, i te inhaler rānei mō te bronchiolitis o taku tamaiti?

Ko te nuinga o ngā tamariki me te bronchiolitis kāore e whai hua mai i ngā rongoā bronchodilator penei i te albuterol, kaore i rite ki ngā tamariki me te mate huango. Ka whakatau tō taote mena ka āwhina pea te whakamātautau i ēnei rongoā, engari kāore i te tūtohutia mō ngā keehi bronchiolitis noa.

Nōhea ka hoki te manawa o taku tamaiti ki te noa?

Ka pai ake te manawa i te wā i roto i te 7 ki te 10 rā, ā, ko te pai ake o te kite i te nuinga o te wā i muri i ngā rā tuatahi. Ka taea e etahi tamariki te wheezing ngāwari, te manawa tere rānei mō te 2 wiki. Mena ka roa ngā raruraru manawa i tua atu i tēnei wā, whakapiri atu ki tō tākuta pēpi mō te aromatawai.