He aha te Cataracts? Tohutohu, Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ka puta te cataracts ina ngāwhā te karu tūturu i roto i tō kanohi, ka mōrearea rānei tō tirohanga. Whakaarohia te titiro atu i te matapihi kōhua e ngāwhā haere ana i te wā. He āhuatanga tino noa tenei e pā ana ki te mano tini o te iwi puta noa te ao, ā, ko te rongo pai ko te āta whakaora i te rongoā hou.

He aha ngā cataracts?

He ngāwhā o te karu tūturu o tō kanohi te cataracts, kei muri i te wāhanga tae o tō kanohi (te iris). He mā te karu, ā, ka awhina i te whakataurite i te mārama ki te muri o tō kanohi kia mārama ai tō tirohanga.

Ina tīmata te whakakotahitanga o ngā pūmua i roto i te karu, ka hanga e rātou ngā wāhi ngāwhā e aukati ana i te mārama, kāore rānei e whakawhāiti. Ka iti ake te mārama o tō tirohanga, ā, ka puta mai he mārama rānei he porowhita huri noa i ngā rā.

Ka tupu haere te nuinga o ngā cataracts i roto i ngā marama, tau rānei. Kāore pea koe e kite i ngā huringa i tō tirohanga i te tīmatanga, engari i te nui haere o te cataracts, ka kitea ake.

He aha ngā tohu o te cataracts?

Ka tupu haere ngā tohu o te cataracts, ā, kāore pea koe e mohio kei te huri tō tirohanga i te tīmatanga. Ko ēnei ngā tohu e kitea ana e te tini o te iwi i te whakawhāiti o te cataracts:

• Tirohanga mōrearea, ngāwhā rānei e kino haere ana i te wā
• Te piki o te ngawari ki te mārama me te mārama
• Te kite i ngā porowhita huri noa i ngā rā, ina koa i te pō
• Ngā tae e ngoikore ana, kōwhai rānei
• Tirohanga pō kino, uaua rānei ki te taraiwa i te pouri
• Te tirohanga takirua i roto i tetahi kanohi
• Te huringa tūturu i tō rongoā karu
• Te hiahia ki te mārama mārama ake mō te pānui, mahi tata rānei

Ka taea e ēnei tohu te whakawhāiti i ngā mahi o ia rā, engari kia mahara ko te cataracts ka tupu haere. Ka whai wā koe ki te whakarite i te maimoatanga ina rite koe.

He aha ngā momo cataracts?

Ka wehewehea ngā cataracts i runga i te wāhi e hangaia ana i roto i tō karu. Ka pā ia momo ki tō tirohanga i ngā huarahi iti rerekē.

Ka puta ngā cataracts pūmua i waenganui o te karu, ā, ko te momo tino noa e pā ana ki te koroheketanga. Ka mate te tirohanga tata i te tīmatanga, ā, ka pai ake pea tō tirohanga tata mō tētahi wā.

Ka tīmata ngā cataracts cortical i ngā taha o te karu, ka mahi haere ki waenganui. Ka hanga e rātou ngā āhuatanga penei i te kātua e taea ai te mārama me ngā raruraru ki te whakataurite.

Ka puta ngā cataracts subcapsular muri i muri o te karu. Ka tere ake te whakawhāiti i ēnei i ētahi atu momo, ā, ka taea te pā kino ki tō tirohanga pānui me tō tirohanga i te mārama.

Kei te whānau ngā cataracts whānau i te whānau, i te tamarikitanga rānei. Ahakoa he iti te noa, me whakarite wawe kia kaua e pā te tirohanga i ngā wā whanaketanga nui.

He aha ngā take o te cataracts?

Ka tupu te nuinga o ngā cataracts hei wāhanga tūturu o te koroheketanga, engari he maha ngā take e taea te awhina i te hanganga. Ka taea e te mārama ki ēnei take te awhina i a koe ki te whakatau i ngā whakatau mō tō hauora kanohi.

Ko te tau te take tino noa. I muri i te 40 tau, ka tīmata te whakahōputu o ngā pūmua i roto i tō karu, ka whakakotahi. I te 60 tau, he nui te nuinga o te iwi he cataracts.

Ko ētahi atu take noa ko:

• Te mate huka, e taea ai te whakawhāiti o te cataracts i mua
• Te whakamahinga roa o ngā rongoā corticosteroid
• Te whara kanohi, mumura rānei i mua
• Te whakamahinga nui o te mārama UV i ngā tau maha
• Te whakakā, e rua te tupono
• Te inu nui o te waiū
• Te toto teitei

Ko ngā take iti te noa engari he mea nui ko te whakamahinga o te radiation, etahi mate ira, me te pokanga kanohi i mua. Ka whānau etahi pepeke me te cataracts na te mate i te wa hapu, i ngā āhuatanga ira rānei.

Nōhea te kite i te taote mō te cataracts?

Me whakarite e koe he tirotiro kanohi mena ka kite koe i ngā huringa i tō tirohanga, ahakoa he iti te ahua. Ka awhina te kite wawe i tō taote kanohi ki te aroturuki i te whakawhāiti me te whakarite i te wā pai mō te maimoatanga.

Whakapa atu ki tō taote kanohi inaianei mena ka kite koe i ngā huringa tirohanga ohorere, te mārama nui e whakawehi ana i te taraiwa, i te cataracts rānei e whakawhāiti ana i ō mahi o ia rā. Kaua e tatari mena kei te uaua ki te pānui, te matakitaki pouaka whakaata, mahi rānei e pai ana koe.

He mea nui ngā tirotiro kanohi tūturu i muri i te 60 tau, ahakoa kāore koe e kite i ngā tohu. Ka taea e tō taote te kite i te cataracts i mua i te pā kino ki tō tirohanga.

He aha ngā take morearea mō te cataracts?

Ahakoa ko te koroheketanga te take morearea nui, he maha atu ngā take e taea te piki ake i tō tūponotanga ki te whanake i te cataracts. Ko etahi o enei ka taea e koe te whakahaere, ko etahi kaore.

Ko ngā take kaore e taea e koe te huri ko:

• Te tau (ka piki te morearea i muri i te 40)
• Te hītori whānau o te cataracts
• Te whara kanohi, pokanga rānei i mua
• Etahi mate ira
• Ko te wahine (he nui ake te morearea o ngā wāhine)

Ko ngā take ka taea e koe te whakauru ko:

• Te whakakā (ka whakaiti te mutu i te morearea)
• Te inu nui o te waiū
• Te mate huka kore whakahaere
• Te whakamahinga roa o te rā kaore he tiaki kanohi
• Kai kino kaore he antioxidants
• Te whakamahinga roa o etahi rongoā

Ko te whai i ngā take morearea kaore e kī ka whanake koe i te cataracts, engari ko te mohio ka awhina i a koe ki te tango i ngā mahi aukati me te aroturuki i tō hauora kanohi.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te cataracts?

Ki te kore e whakaorahia, ka taea e te cataracts te arahi ki ētahi atu raruraru, ahakoa he iti te noa o ngā raruraru nui me te tiaki kanohi tūturu. Ka awhina te mārama ki ēnei wāhi ki te whakatau i ngā whakatau mō te wā maimoatanga.

Ko te raruraru tino noa ko te kino haere o te tirohanga e whakawhāiti ana i ō mahi o ia rā. Ka taea e tēnei te whakawehi i te taraiwa, te piki ake i tō morearea o te hinga, me te whakaiti i tō kounga o te ora.

Ko ngā raruraru nui ake engari he iti te noa ko:

• Te ngaro katoa o te tirohanga i roto i te kanohi e pā ana
• Te piki o te pehanga kanohi (glaucoma) i etahi wā
• Te mumura i roto i te kanohi
• Te uaua ki te mahi i ngā tirotiro kanohi tūturu hei tirotiro i ētahi atu āhuatanga

He tino iti te wā, ka taea e te cataracts kore whakaora te pupuhi o te karu me te aukati i te rere o te wai, ka arahi ki te piki o te pehanga kanohi mamae. Koinei te take he mea nui te aroturuki tūturu.

Ko te rongo pai ko te pokanga cataracts he angitu rawa, ā, ka taea te aukati i te nuinga o ngā raruraru me te maimoatanga wawe.

Me pēhea te aukati i te cataracts?

Ahakoa kaore e taea e koe te aukati katoa i te cataracts e pā ana ki te koroheketanga, ka taea e koe te tango i ētahi mahi hei whakaiti i tō morearea me te whakawhāiti i te whakawhāiti. Ka pai hoki ēnei tikanga hauora ki tō hauora kanohi katoa.

Tīakihia ō kanohi i te radiation UV mā te kakahu i ngā karu e aukati ana i te 100% o ngā hihi UVA me UVB. Ka hoatu e te potae whānui te tiaki atu, ina koa i ngā hāora rā nui.

Whakaritehia te hauora pai katoa mā te:

• Te kore whakakā, mutu rānei mena kei te whakakā koe inaianei
• Te whakaiti i te inu waiū
• Te whakahaere i te mate huka me te toto teitei
• Te kai i te kai e nui ana ngā antioxidants (hua me ngā huawhenua)
• Te whai i ngā mahi tūturu
• Te whai i ngā tirotiro kanohi tūturu

Ka kī etahi rangahau ko ngā huaora C me E, me ngā kai e nui ana te lutein me te zeaxanthin (penei i ngā rau kakariki), ka awhina pea ki te whakawhāiti i te whanaketanga o te cataracts. Heoi, kāore i whakamāramahia ngā taapiri hei aukati i te cataracts.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te cataracts?

Ko te whakatau i te cataracts e pā ana ki te nui o te āhuatanga e pā ana ki ō mahi o ia rā. I ngā wā tīmatanga, kāore pea koe e hiahia ki te maimoatanga atu i te aroturuki me te whakahou i tō rongoā karu.

Ka taea e ngā huarahi kore pokanga te awhina i te whakahaere i ngā tohu iti:

• Ngā karu kaha ake, karu hono rānei
• Ngā kāhua anti-glare i runga i ngā karu
• Te mārama mārama ake mō te pānui me te mahi tata
• Ngā karu whakanui mō ngā mahi taipitopito
• Ngā karu hei whakaiti i te mārama i waho

Ka waiho te pokanga hei maimoatanga e tūtohutia ana ina whakawhāiti te cataracts i ō mahi o ia rā, kounga rānei o te ora. Ko te pokanga cataracts tētahi o ngā tukanga tino noa me te angitu i roto i te rongoā.

I te wa o te pokanga, ka tangohia tō karu ngāwhā, ka whakakapihia ki te karu tūturu hou e kiia nei ko te karu intraocular (IOL). Ka roa te tukanga i te 15-20 meneti, ā, ka mahia i waho.

He nui te angitu o te pokanga cataracts hou, neke atu i te 95%, ā, ka kite te nuinga o te iwi i te whakapai ake o te tirohanga i roto i ngā rā, wiki rānei.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i te cataracts i te kāinga?

I te tatari mō te pokanga, i te whakahaere rānei i te cataracts tīmatanga, ka taea e ētahi mahinga kāinga te awhina i a koe ki te kite pai ake me te noho haumaru. Kāore ēnei huarahi e whakaora i te cataracts, engari ka taea te whakapai ake i tō harikoa me tō mahi o ia rā.

Whakapaihia tō mārama mā te whakamahi i ngā pūtau mārama ake me te whakanoho i ngā rā ki te whakaiti i ngā atarangi. Ka taea e ngā rama pānui me te mārama i raro i te kāpeti te whakapai ake i ngā mahi taipitopito.

Whakaitihia te mārama mā te:

• Te whakamahi i ngā parāoa, peita rānei hei whakahaere i te mārama tūturu
• Te kakahu i te potae me te taha i waho
• Te whiriwhiri i ngā mutunga matte i runga i ngā mata mārama
• Te whakamahi i ngā tiaki mata anti-glare i runga i ngā taputapu

Me hanga tō kāinga kia haumaru ake mā te tango i ngā tūponotanga hinga, te tāpiri i ngā papa i runga i ngā arawhata, me te whakamahi i ngā tae whakataurite hei whakanui i ngā taha me ngā arawhata. Ka taea e ngā rāmarama pō te awhina i a koe ki te haere haumaru i te mārama iti.

Whakaarohia ngā taputapu whakanui mō te pānui, ā, kaua e whakaroa ki te tono awhina mō ngā mahi kua uaua. Ka taea e ēnei whakaritenga te awhina i te pupuri i tō motuhake i te whakahaere i te cataracts.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō hui taote?

Ko te whakarite mō tō hui kanohi ka awhina i te whakarite kia whiwhi koe i te nuinga o tō haerenga, ā, ka awhina i tō taote ki te whakarato i te tiaki pai. He iti te whakarite e haere ana ki te tawhiti.

Tuhia ō tohu, tae atu ki te wā i kite tuatahi ai koe i ngā huringa me te āhua o te pā ki ō mahi o ia rā. Kia tino mōhio ki ngā uaua ki te taraiwa, te pānui, mahi rānei.

Kawe mai i te rārangi katoa o:

• Ngā rongoā katoa e inu ana koe, tae atu ki ngā rongoā kore-tuku
• Ngā matū karu, taapiri rānei
• Tō hītori hauora, ina koa te mate huka, whara kanohi rānei
• Te hītori whānau o ngā raruraru kanohi
• Ō karu, hono rānei inaianei

Whakaritehia ngā pātai mō ngā whiringa maimoatanga, te wā pokanga, me te mea e tatari ana. Kaua e manukanuka ki te maha o ngā pātai - e hiahia ana tō taote kia mohio koe, kia mārama.

Whakaritehia te kawe waka ki te kāinga, na te mea ka whāitihia pea ō karu. Kawe mai ngā karu hei awhina i te ngawari ki te mārama i muri i te tirotiro.

He aha te mea nui mō te cataracts?

He āhuatanga tino noa, whakaorahia te cataracts e pā ana ki te nuinga o te iwi i te wā e koroheke ana. Ahakoa ko ngā huringa tirohanga haere haere ka awangawanga, he tino whai hua me te haumaru ngā whiringa maimoatanga hou.

Ko te mea nui hei mahara ko te kore koe e noho ki te tirohanga kino. Ina tīmata te cataracts ki te whakawhāiti i ngā mahi e pai ana koe ki te mahi, he whiringa maimoatanga pai kei te wātea.

Ka awhina ngā tirotiro kanohi tūturu ki te hopu i te cataracts i te tīmatanga me te aroturuki i te whakawhāiti. Ka taea e tō taote kanohi te awhina i a koe ki te whakatau i te wā pai mō te maimoatanga i runga i ō hiahia me tō oranga.

Me te tiaki tika me te maimoatanga wawe, ka tumanako te nuinga o te iwi me te cataracts ki te hoki ki te tirohanga mārama, harikoa, me te haere tonu ki te pai ki ngā mahi e aroha ana rātou.

Ngā pātai e ui pinepinetia ana mō te cataracts

Q1: He mamae ngā cataracts?

Kāo, kāore ngā cataracts i te mamae. Ka tupu haere, ā, kāore e tino pā te mamae ki tō kanohi. Ko ngā tohu matua ko ngā mea e pā ana ki te tirohanga, penei i te mōrearea, mārama rānei. Mena kei te mamae tō kanohi me ngā huringa tirohanga, ka taea e tēnei te tohu i tētahi atu āhuatanga e hiahia ana ki te tiaki hauora wawe.

Q2: Ka hoki mai ngā cataracts i muri i te pokanga?

Kāore e taea e te cataracts te hoki mai na te mea ka tangohia katoa te karu tūturu i te wa o te pokanga. Heoi, ka whanake etahi i te āhuatanga e kiia nei ko te opacification kapu muri, kei reira te kiri i muri i tō karu hou e ngāwhā ana. Ka taea te whakaora ngāwari i tēnei mā te tukanga laser tere i roto i te tari o tō taote.

Q3: E hia te wā e tatari ai ahau i waenga i ngā pokanga cataracts mena e rua ngā kanohi e hiahia ana ki te maimoatanga?

Ko te nuinga o ngā taote e tūtohu ana kia tatari 1-4 wiki i waenga i ngā pokanga kia pai ai te ora o tō kanohi tuatahi. Ka taea hoki e tēnei wā te kite i te whakapai ake o te tirohanga i roto i tetahi kanohi i mua i te haere tonu ki te tuarua. Ka whakatau tō taote pokanga i te wā pai i runga i tō whakaora me ō hiahia.

Q4: Ka hiahia tonu ahau ki ngā karu i muri i te pokanga cataracts?

E whakawhirinaki ana tenei ki te momo karu intraocular e whiriwhiri ana koe me ō whāinga tirohanga. Ko ngā karu paerewa e tino whakarato ana i te tirohanga tawhiti, engari pea ka hiahia koe ki ngā karu pānui. Ka taea e ngā karu utu nui te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā karu mō ngā tawhiti maha, ahakoa pea ka hiahia tonu koe ki a rātou mō ētahi mahi. Kōrerohia ō hiahia oranga me tō taote pokanga.

Q5: He haumaru te pokanga cataracts mō te iwi me te mate huka?

Ae, he haumaru te pokanga cataracts mō te iwi me te mate huka, ahakoa e hiahia ana ki te whakahaere tika. Me whakahaere pai tō huka toto i mua i te pokanga, ā, pea ka roa ake te ora. Ka mahi tahi tō taote kanohi me tō rōpū tiaki mate huka hei whakarite i ngā hua pai. Ka tino whai hua te iwi me te mate huka i te pokanga cataracts na te mea ka whakapai ake te kaha ki te aroturuki i tō hauora kanohi.