He aha te Mate Whatukuhu Roa? Tohutohu, Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ko te mate whatukuhu roa (CKD) tētahi āhuatanga e ngaro haere ai te kaha o ō whatukuhu ki te kāo i ngā paru me te wai nui atu i tō toto i roto i ngā marama, i ngā tau rānei. Whakaarohia ō whatukuhu hei pūnaha kāotau taiao o tō tinana – ki te kore e mahi pai, ka taea te hanga o ngā pokanoa me te wai, ka pā ki tō hauora whānui.

He maha ngā miriona o te iwi puta noa te ao e pā ana ki tēnei āhuatanga, ā, ko te rongo pai, mā te tiaki tika me ngā huringa oranga, ka taea e koe te whakaheke i tōna ahu whakamua me te pupuri i te kounga ora pai. Ko te mārama ki te mea kei te puta i roto i tō tinana ko te kaupapa tuatahi ki te whakahaere i tō hauora.

He aha te Mate Whatukuhu Roa?

Ko te tikanga o te mate whatukuhu roa kua pakaru ō whatukuhu, kāore hoki e taea te kāo i te toto pera i te mea me mahi. Kāore i rite ki ngā raruraru whatukuhu ohorere e puta pēnā, ka tupu haere te CKD i te wa roa, kāore hoki i te maha ngā tohu marama i ngā wahanga tuatahi.

He nui ake te mahi a ō whatukuhu i te hanga mimi anake. Ka tangohia e rātou ngā hua paru, ka whakataurite i ngā matū i roto i tō toto, ka āwhina ki te whakahaere i te pehanga toto, me te hanga i ngā homoni e pupuri ana i ō wheua kia kaha me te āwhina i tō tinana ki te whakaputa i ngā pūtau toto whero. Ki te ahu whakamua te CKD, ka taea te pānga o enei mahi nui katoa.

Ka inehia te āhuatanga ki ngā wahanga e rima, mai i te pakaru whatukuhu ngawari (wahanga 1) ki te kore mahi whatukuhu katoa (wahanga 5). Ka taea e te nuinga o te hunga kei te CKD o te wahanga tuatahi te noho ora noa, ora, mā te tiaki hauora tika me ngā whiringa oranga hauora.

He aha ngā Tohutohu o te Mate Whatukuhu Roa?

I te nuinga o te wā, kāore he tohu o te mate whatukuhu roa i te tīmatanga, koia te take i karangatia ai ko te āhuatanga 'ngāwari'. He tino pai ō whatukuhu ki te whakakapi i te kino, no reira pea kāore koe e kite i tetahi mea he tae noa ki te ngaro nui o te mahi.

I te ahu whakamua o te CKD, pea ka kite koe i ēnei tohu noa:

• Te ngenge nui atu i te noa, te iti rānei o te kaha
• Te raruraru ki te aro atu, ki te whakaaro mārama rānei
• Te raruraru ki te moe, ki te noho moe rānei
• Te mamae o ngā uaua, ina koa i te pō
• Te pupū i ō waewae me ō turi
• Te pupū i te taha o ō kanohi, ina koa i te ata
• Te kiri maroke, te kiri ngau e kore e pai ake mā te whakamakuku
• Te hiahia ki te mimi ake, ina koa i te pō
• Te ngaro o te hiahia kai, te rerekē rānei o te reka o te kai
• Te ruaki, te ruaki rānei

I ngā wahanga matatau ake, pea ka kite koe i ētahi atu tohu penei i te poto o te manawa, te mamae o te uma, te pehanga toto teitei e uaua ana ki te whakahaere. Ka kite etahi i te reka rino i roto i o ratou mangai, ka kite ranei kei te pupū, kei te pouri rānei to ratou mimi i te noa.

He mea nui kia mahara he maha ngā take o ēnei tohu, ā, ko te whai i tetahi, i te maha rānei kāore e tino tikanga kei a koe te CKD. Heoi, ki te kite koe i te maha o ēnei tohu, ina koa ki te whai koe i ngā take morearea penei i te mate huka, te pehanga toto teitei rānei, he mea tika te kōrero ki tō kaiwhakarato hauora.

He aha ngā Take o te Mate Whatukuhu Roa?

Ka tupu te mate whatukuhu roa ina pakaru tetahi mea i ō whatukuhu ka whakaiti i tōna mahi i te wa roa. Ko ngā take tino noa ko ngā āhuatanga e whakapā ana i te kaha atu ki ēnei whekau nui, ka pakaru rānei i te kiko whatukuhu.

Ko ēnei ngā take matua o te CKD:

• Te mate huka (āhua 1 me te āhua 2) – ka pakaru ngā oko toto i roto i ngā whatukuhu ngā taumata huka toto teitei
• Te pehanga toto teitei – ka whakapau kaha ake ō whatukuhu ki te mahi ka taea te pakaru i ngā wāhanga kāotau
• Te mate whatukuhu polycystic – tētahi āhuatanga i tukuna mai e te whānau e tipu ana ngā cysts i roto i ngā whatukuhu
• Te glomerulonephritis – te mumura o ngā wāhanga kāotau o te whatukuhu
• Ngā mate ā-tinana penei i te lupus e taea te whakaeke i te kiko whatukuhu
• Ngā raruraru ara mimi e puta mai ana i te whānautanga
• Ngā kohatu whatukuhu, ngā pūngāwerewere rānei e aukati ana i te rere o te mimi
• Ngā mate huaketo ara mimi maha

Ko ngā take iti ake engari he mea nui te whakamahinga roa o ētahi rongoā (ina koa ētahi whakaora mamae), ngā mate ira, me ngā whara whatukuhu o mua. I etahi wā, kāore e mohiotia te take tika, engari kāore tēnei e whakarereke i te pai o te whakahaeretanga o te āhuatanga.

Ko te rongo pai, ko te mārama ki tō take motuhake ka taea te awhina i tō rōpū hauora ki te hanga i te mahere maimoatanga tino pai mōu. Ka taea te whakahaere pai o te maha o ēnei āhuatanga taketake mā te tiaki hauora tika.

Nōhea te Tiro ki te Taakuta mō te Mate Whatukuhu Roa?

Me kite koe i te kaiwhakarato hauora ki te kite koe i ngā tohu e taea ai te tohu i ngā raruraru whatukuhu, ina koa ki te mau tonu, ki te kino ake rānei i te wa roa. Ka taea e te kitenga wawe me te maimoatanga te whakaheke nui i te ahu whakamua o te CKD me te āwhina ki te aukati i ngā raruraru.

Whakatau rānei he hui ki te kite koe i te ngenge mau tonu, ngā huringa i ngā tauira mimi, te pupū kaore i te whakamārama, ki te whai koe rānei i ngā take morearea penei i te mate huka, te pehanga toto teitei rānei kaore i te arotakehia i te wa tata nei. Kaua e tatari kia kaha ngā tohu – he tino ngāwari ake te whakahaere i te mate whatukuhu ina kitea wawe.

Rapua te awhina hauora tonu ki te kite koe i ngā tohu kino penei i te uaua ki te manawa, te mamae o te uma, te ruaki nui me te ruaki, te whakapohehe rānei. Ka taea e ēnei te tohu kua heke nui te mahi o ō whatukuhu me te hiahia ki te arotake wawe.

Ki te whai koe i te mate huka, te pehanga toto teitei, te hītori whānau rānei o te mate whatukuhu, he mea nui ngā tirotiro auau me ngā whakamātautau mahi whatukuhu ahakoa kei te pai koe. Ka tūtohutia e te maha o ngā kaiwhakarato hauora te whakamātautau tautau mo te hunga kei a rātou ēnei take morearea.

He aha ngā Take Morearea mō te Mate Whatukuhu Roa?

Ka taea e te mārama ki ō take morearea te awhina i a koe ki te tango i ngā kaupae whakamua hei tiaki i tō hauora whatukuhu. Ko etahi take morearea kaore e taea e koe te whakarereke, engari ko etahi atu ka taea e koe te whakauru mā ngā whiringa oranga me te whakahaere hauora.

Ko ēnei ngā take morearea matua mō te whanake o te CKD:

• Te mate huka – te take matua o te CKD i te maha o ngā whenua
• Te pehanga toto teitei – te tuarua o ngā take noa
• Te hītori whānau o te mate whatukuhu
• Te pakeke neke atu i te 60 tau
• Te mate ngakau, te hītori rānei o te pōka
• Te momona, te taumaha nui rānei
• Te whakakī, te whakamahinga taakaha rānei
• Ētahi papatipu iwi (African American, Hispanic, Native American, Asian rānei)
• Te whakamahinga roa o ētahi rongoā, ina koa ngā NSAIDs

Ko te whai i tetahi take morearea, i te maha rānei kāore e tino tikanga ka whanake koe i te CKD, engari ko te tikanga me tūpato atu koe ki te hauora whatukuhu. Ka taea e te arotake auau me ngā whiringa oranga hauora te whakaiti nui i tō morearea, ahakoa kei a koe ngā take kaore e taea e koe te whakahaere penei i te pakeke, te hītori whānau rānei.

Ko te rongo pai, ko te maha o ngā take morearea nui – penei i te mate huka, te pehanga toto teitei, te momona rānei – ka taea te whakahaere pai mā te tiaki hauora tika me ngā whakarerekētanga oranga.

He aha ngā Raruraru Pea o te Mate Whatukuhu Roa?

I te ahu whakamua o te mate whatukuhu roa, ka taea te pānga ki ētahi atu wāhanga o tō tinana, na te mea he mahi nui a ō whatukuhu ki te pupuri i tō hauora whānui. Ko te mārama ki ēnei raruraru pea ka āwhina i a koe me tō rōpū hauora ki te whakatūpato i ngā raruraru.

Ko ngā raruraru noa e whai ake nei:

• Te pehanga toto teitei e kaha ake ana te whakahaere
• Te mate toto (te iti o te tau o ngā pūtau toto whero) e puta ai te ngenge me te ngoikore
• Te mate wheua me te nui ake o te morearea o te whati
• Te mate ngakau me te nui ake o te morearea o te pōka
• Te pupū wai e arahina ana ki te pupū me ngā raruraru manawa
• Ngā koretake o ngā waikawa e pā ana ki te rere o te ngakau me te mahi uaua
• Te whakaiti i te mahi ā-tinana e āhei ai ngā mate
• Ngā raruraru hapu ki te whakaaro koe ki te whānau

Ka taea te whanake o ngā raruraru nui ake i ngā wahanga matatau, tae atu ki te mate wheua kino, ngā raruraru ngakau, me te hiahia ki te dialysis, ki te whakawhiti whatukuhu rānei. Heoi, mā te tiaki hauora tika me te whakahaere oranga, kaore te maha o te hunga kei te CKD e ahu whakamua ki ēnei wahanga matatau.

Ko te matua ko te mahi tata atu ki tō rōpū hauora ki te arotake i tō āhuatanga me te whakautu i ngā raruraru wawe. Ka taea te aukati, te whakahaere pai rānei o te maha o ēnei raruraru ina kitea i te wa.

Me pēhea te aukati i te Mate Whatukuhu Roa?

Ahakoa kaore e taea e koe te aukati i ngā take katoa o te mate whatukuhu roa, ina koa ngā take e puta mai ana i ngā take ira, he maha ngā kaupae kaha ka taea e koe te tango hei tiaki i tō hauora whatukuhu me te whakaiti i tō morearea nui.

Ko ngā rautaki aukati tino whai hua e arotahi ana ki te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga e tino arahina ana ki te CKD:

• Whakahaerehia te mate huka mā te pupuri i ngā taumata huka toto i roto i te whānuitanga e whai ana
• Whakahaerehia te pehanga toto teitei mā ngā rongoā me ngā whakarerekētanga oranga
• Pupurihia te taumaha hauora mā te kai rite me te whakakori tinana auau
• Kaua e whakakī, ki te whakakī koe i tēnei wā
• Whakamāramahia te inu waipiro ki ngā taumata tika
• Noho makuku, kaua e nui rawa
• Whakamahia ngā rongoā mamae-kore-utu iti me te ārahi
• Haere ki ngā tirotiro auau ki te whai koe i ngā take morearea

Ki te whai koe i te CKD o te wahanga tuatahi, ka taea e ēnei rautaki ano te āwhina i te whakaheke i te ahu whakamua me te aukati i ngā raruraru. Pea ka tūtohu hoki tō kaiwhakarato hauora i ngā whakarerekētanga kai motuhake, i ngā rongoā rānei hei tiaki i tō mahi whatukuhu e toe ana.

Kia mahara, ka taea e ngā huringa iti te whakarereke nui i te wa roa. Ahakoa ngā whakapainga iti i te whakahaere pehanga toto, i te whakahaere huka toto rānei ka taea te pānga nui ki tō hauora whatukuhu i te wa roa.

Me pēhea te Whakatau i te Mate Whatukuhu Roa?

Ko te whakatau i te mate whatukuhu roa e whakauru ana i ngā whakamātautau toto me te mimi ngāwari e ine ana i te pai o te mahi a ō whatukuhu. Pea ka tono tō kaiwhakarato hauora i ēnei whakamātautau ki te whai koe i ngā tohu, i ngā take morearea rānei mō te mate whatukuhu.

Ko ngā whakamātautau whakatau matua e whai ake nei: he whakamātautau toto hei ine i te creatinine (he hua paru e kāo ana ngā whatukuhu hauora), me te tatau i tō reiti kāotau glomerular (eGFR), e whakaatu ana i te pai o te kāotau a ō whatukuhu. Ka tirotirohia e te whakamātautau mimi te pūmua, te toto, i ētahi atu rerekētanga rānei e taea ai te tohu i te kino o te whatukuhu.

Pea ka tono hoki tō taakuta i ngā whakamātautau whakaahua penei i te ultrasound hei titiro ki te rahi me te hanganga o ō whatukuhu. I etahi wā, ina koa ki te kore e mārama te take, pea ka tūtohuhia he biopsy whatukuhu hei tirotiro i te kiko whatukuhu i raro i te microscope.

Ka whakau te whakatau ina whakaatu ngā whakamātautau i te whakaiti i te mahi whatukuhu, i ngā tohu rānei o te kino o te whatukuhu e mau tonu ana neke atu i te toru marama. Ka whakamahi tō kaiwhakarato hauora i ēnei hua hei whakatau i te wahanga o tō CKD me te whakawhanake i te mahere maimoatanga tika.

He aha te Maimoatanga mō te Mate Whatukuhu Roa?

Ko te maimoatanga mō te mate whatukuhu roa e arotahi ana ki te whakaheke i te ahu whakamua o te mate, te whakahaere i ngā tohu, me te aukati i ngā raruraru. Ko te huarahi motuhake e whakawhirinaki ana ki te take taketake, te wahanga o tō CKD, me tō hauora whānui.

Pea ka whai tō mahere maimoatanga i ēnei:

• Ngā rongoā hei whakahaere i te pehanga toto me te tiaki i te mahi whatukuhu
• Te whakahaere mate huka hei pupuri i ngā taumata huka toto pumau
• Ngā whakarerekētanga kai hei whakaiti i te kaha ki ō whatukuhu
• Ngā rongoā hei whakaora i ngā raruraru penei i te mate toto, te mate wheua rānei
• Te arotake auau hei aroturuki i te mahi whatukuhu me te whakarite i te maimoatanga
• Te whakarite mō te dialysis, te whakawhiti rānei ki te wā matatau

Ka taea e te maha o te hunga kei te CKD o te wahanga tuatahi ki te waenga te pupuri i te mahi whatukuhu pai mo ngā tau mā te maimoatanga tika. Ko te matua ko te mahi tata atu ki tō rōpū hauora, pea ka whai koe i tō taakuta tiaki matua, tētahi nephrologist (tohunga whatukuhu), me ētahi atu tohunga i te mea e hiahiatia ana.

He tino motuhake te maimoatanga na te mea he rerekē te āhuatanga o te tangata katoa. Ko te mea e pai ana mōu ka whakawhirinaki ki tō momo mate whatukuhu motuhake, ētahi atu āhuatanga hauora, me ngā manakohanga whaiaro.

Me pēhea te tango i te maimoatanga kāinga i te wā o te Mate Whatukuhu Roa?

Ko te whakahaere i te mate whatukuhu roa i te kāinga e whakauru ana i te mahi i ngā whiringa oranga e tautoko ana i tō hauora whatukuhu me tō oranga pai whānui. Ka mahi ēnei rautaki tiaki-whaiaro me tō maimoatanga hauora hei āwhina i te whakaheke i te ahu whakamua o te mate.

Ko ēnei ngā rautaki whakahaere kāinga matua:

• Whai i te kai pai mō te whatukuhu, i te iti o te tote, te phosphorus, me te pūmua i etahi wā
• Tangohia ngā rongoā katoa kia rite ki te tohu, ahakoa kei te pai koe
• Aroturukihia tō pehanga toto auau ki te whai koe i te kaitirotiro kāinga
• Noho mahi tinana mā ngā mahi e tika ana mō tō taumata hauora
• Pupurihia te taumaha hauora mā te kai rite me te whakakori tinana
• Noho makuku, engari whai i ngā herenga wai e tūtohu ana tō taakuta
• Kaua e whakakī, me te whakamārama i te inu waipiro
• Whiwhi moe tika me te whakahaere i te ahotea

Pupurihia te tuhi i ngā tohu, i ngā huringa rānei i te āhua o tō ngākau, ā, kaua e whakaroa ki te whakapiri atu ki tō rōpū hauora me ngā pātai, me ngā awangawanga rānei. Ka kite te maha o te hunga he mea whai hua te pupuri i te tuhi ngāwari o ngā tohu, ngā pānui pehanga toto, i ngā huringa taumaha rānei.

Kia mahara he mahi rōpū te whakahaere i te CKD i waenga i a koe me ō kaiwhakarato hauora. He mahi nui ō whiringa o ia rā me ō kaha tiaki-whaiaro ki te pupuri i tō hauora whatukuhu me tō kounga ora.

Me pēhea te Whakarite mō tō Hui Taakuta?

Ka taea e te whakarite mō tō hui taakuta te awhina i a koe ki te whakamahi pai i tō wā tahi me te whakarite ka whiwhi koe i ngā mōhiohio me te tiaki e hiahia ana koe. Ka āwhina hoki te whakarite pai i tō kaiwhakarato hauora ki te hoatu i te tiaki pai rawa atu ki a koe.

I mua i tō hui, tuhia ō tohu katoa, tae atu ki te wā i tīmata ai rātou me te āhua o te pānga ki tō oranga o ia rā. Rārangihia ngā rongoā katoa e tangohia ana e koe, tae atu ki ngā rongoā kore-utu me ngā taapiri, na te mea ka taea e etahi te pānga ki te mahi whatukuhu.

Mau mai he rārangi o ngā pātai e hiahia ana koe ki te ui, penei i te wahanga o te CKD kei a koe, te take i puta ai, te tere o te ahu whakamua, me ngā whiringa maimoatanga e wātea ana. Kaua e manukanuka ki te maha rawa o ngā pātai – e hiahia ana tō rōpū hauora ki te āwhina i a koe ki te mārama ki tō āhuatanga.

Ki te taea, mau mai tētahi mema whānau, tētahi hoa rānei hei āwhina i a koe ki te mahara ki ngā mōhiohio i kōrerohia i te wā o te hui. Whakaarohia te ui ki a rātou ki te tuhi i ngā tuhinga i a koe e arotahi ana ki te kōrero me tō taakuta.

He aha te tango matua mō te Mate Whatukuhu Roa?

Ko te mea tino nui ki te mārama ki te mate whatukuhu roa ko te āhuatanga e taea te whakahaere, ina koa ina kitea wawe. Ahakoa pea ka kitea te whakatau i te tīmatanga, he maha ngā tāngata kei te CKD e ora ana i ngā oranga tino whānuitia, ora, mā te tiaki hauora tika me te whakahaere oranga.

Ka taea e te kitenga wawe me te maimoatanga te whakaheke nui i te ahu whakamua o te CKD me te āwhina ki te aukati i ngā raruraru kino. Ko te tikanga o te whakahaere i ngā take morearea penei i te mate huka me te pehanga toto teitei, te whai i tō mahere maimoatanga, me te noho hono atu ki tō rōpū hauora ka taea te whakarereke nui i tō hauora roa.

Kia mahara kāore koe i te kotahi i roto i tēnei haerenga. Kei reira tō rōpū hauora hei tautoko i a koe, ā, he maha ngā rauemi e wātea ana hei āwhina i a koe ki te mārama me te whakahaere i tō āhuatanga. Mā te huarahi tika, ka taea e koe te pupuri i te kounga ora pai i te wā e tiaki ana i tō mahi whatukuhu e toe ana.

Ngā Pātai Nui e Uihia Ana mō te Mate Whatukuhu Roa

Ka taea te whakaora i te mate whatukuhu roa?

I tēnei wā, kāore he rongoā mō te mate whatukuhu roa, engari ka taea te whakahaere pai me te taea te whakaheke i tōna ahu whakamua. Mā te maimoatanga tika, ka pupuri te maha o te hunga kei te CKD i te mahi whatukuhu pumau mo ngā tau.

E hia te roa ka taea te ora me te mate whatukuhu roa?

He rerekē te roa o te ora me te CKD, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wahanga i te whakatau, ngā take taketake, me te pai o te whakahaeretanga o te āhuatanga. He maha ngā tāngata kei te CKD o te wahanga tuatahi he roa noa te ora, he tata noa rānei.

He mate whatukuhu roa te ira?

Ko ētahi momo mate whatukuhu roa he ira, penei i te mate whatukuhu polycystic me ētahi mate ira. Heoi, ko ngā take tino noa penei i te mate huka me te pehanga toto teitei kāore i te tuku tika mai i te ira, ahakoa pea he take ira e whakanui ana i tō morearea.

Ka taea te tuku whatukuhu ki te whai koe i te mate whatukuhu roa?

I te nuinga o te wā, kāore e taea e te hunga kei te mate whatukuhu roa te tuku whatukuhu, na te mea e hiahia ana te tuku ki te mahi whatukuhu pai me te hauora whānui. Heoi, ka arotakehia ia take motuhake, ā, pea kāore te CKD o te wahanga tuatahi rawa e whakakore i tetahi tangata i te tuku. Ka arotake tika te rōpū whakawhiti i te mahi whatukuhu me te hauora whānui o te kaituku.

E arahina ana te mate whatukuhu roa ki te dialysis?

Kāo, kāore te mate whatukuhu roa e ahu whakamua tonu ki te wā e hiahiatia ana te dialysis. He maha ngā tāngata kei te CKD, ina koa ngā tāngata i whakatauhia i ngā wahanga tuatahi, kāore e hiahia ki te dialysis. Mā te whakahaere tika i ngā āhuatanga taketake penei i te mate huka me te pehanga toto teitei, me ngā whakarerekētanga oranga, ka taea te whakaheke, te mutu rānei i te ahu whakamua o te CKD.