He aha te Koma? Tohutohu, Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ko te koma tetahi āhua o te moe roa kaore e taea e te tangata te ara ake, te whakautu ki ngā āhuatanga, te whakautu rānei ki te mamae. Whakaarohia he whakautu tiaki te roro ina whara nui rānei, kua nui rawa rānei te mahi, pēnei i te āhua o to tinana ki te pakaru i muri i te whara. Ahakoa ka raru pea te kupu "koma," te matauranga ki te tikanga pono ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakahaere i tēnei āhuatanga uaua me te mārama me te tumanako.

He aha te koma?

Ka puta te koma ina pakaru te pūnaha whakaoho o te roro, ka aukati i te mohio noa. Kei a koe te whatunga motuhake e kiia nei ko te pūnaha whakaoho reticular e pupuri ana i a koe kia mataara me te mōhio. Ina pakaru tēnei pūnaha, ka hinga koe ki te āhua koma.

I te wā o te koma, ka rite te tangata ki te moe, engari kaore e taea te whakaara ake i ngā whakaoho noa pēnei i ngā reo nui, ngā mārama mārama, te mamae rānei. Ka tutakina tonu ō rātou kanohi, kāore hoki e whakaatu i ngā whakautu whai take ki tō rātou taiao. Heoi, ka haere tonu te mahi o ngā mahi tinana maha pēnei i te manawa me te tukunga o te ngakau.

Kei runga i te whānuitanga o ngā mate moe te koma. Ka whakaatu etahi i ngā tohu iti o te matauranga, kaore etahi e whakautu. Ka rereke te hohonutanga me te roa mai i te tangata ki te tangata, kei runga i te take o te koma me te nui o te kōeke roro i pā.

He aha ngā tohu o te koma?

Ko te mohiotanga ki ngā tohu koma ka āwhina i a koe ki te mārama ki te mea kei te puta ki tō whānau. He tino rerekē ngā tohu, ā, kei roto ngā mea ka taea e koe te kite me ngā whakamātautau hauora.

Ko ngā tohu tino marama ko:

• Kanohi kati kaore e tuwhera, ahakoa he reo nui te tangi, te pa rānei
• Kāore he whakautu whai take ki te reo, te pa, te mamae rānei
• Ngā āhua manawa koretake, te whakawhirinaki rānei ki te mīhini manawa
• Kāore he kōrero, te ngana rānei ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero
• Ngā waewae ngāwari, te whakaatu rānei i ngā āhua koretake

Ka titiro hoki ngā tohunga hauora ki ngā tohu ngāwari ake i te wā o te tirotiro. Kei roto i ēnei ngā whakautu koretake, pēnei i ngā akonga kaore e whakautu ki te mārama, ngā kanohi kaore e whai i te nekehanga. I etahi wā ka kite koe i ngā nekehanga koretake, engari kāore ēnei e tohu i te matauranga mohio.

He mea nui kia mahara ka rereke te whakaaturanga o ia tangata. Ka rite etahi ki te rangimarie, ka whakaatu etahi i ngā tohu o te kore rangimarie, ngā nekehanga koretake rānei. Ka āwhina ēnei rerekētanga i ngā tākuta ki te mārama ki te take me te kaha ki te ora.

He aha ngā take o te koma?

Ka puta te koma ina mutu te mahi noa o te roro. Ka uru ngā take ki ngā wāhanga matua, ka pā ia ki te roro i ngā huarahi rerekē.

Ko ngā take tino noa ko:

• Te whara o te roro mai i ngā aituā, ngā hinga, te tutu rānei
• Te pōkaikaha e tapahi ana i te toto ki ngā wāhanga nui o te roro
• Ngā mate kino pēnei i te meningitis, te encephalitis rānei
• Ngā taero nui, te poihana rānei e pā ana ki te matū o te roro
• Ngā raruraru huka e tino teitei ana te huka toto, te iti rānei
• Te kore o te hau ki te roro mai i te ngākau, te mate ngakau rānei

Ko ngā take iti ake, engari he kino, ko ngā mate pūngāwerewere o te roro, ngā hopu kaore e mutu, te ngoikore nui rānei o te ate, o te whatukuhu rānei. I etahi wā ka whakakotahi ngā take maha ki te hanga i te āhuatanga nui e arahi ana ki te kore mohio.

Ko ngā take onge ko ētahi āhuatanga autoimmune e whakaeke ana te tinana i ōna kōeke roro ake, ngā mate ira rānei e pā ana ki te whakahaere matū o te roro. Ko te mārama ki te take motuhake ka āwhina i ngā tākuta ki te whakatau i te huarahi maimoatanga pai, ā, ka hoatu ki ngā whānau he whakaahua mārama ake mō te aha e tatari ana.

Nōhea te haere ki te tākuta mō te koma?

Ko te koma he āhuatanga mate tūturu e hiahia ana ki te tiaki hauora tūturu. Ki te kore tetahi e whakautu, kāore hoki e ara ake ahakoa ō ngana, karanga atu ki ngā ratonga āwhina tūturu tonu.

Kaua e tatari kia pai ake te tangata. Ahakoa i kōrero rātou i ngā meneti i mua, me whakawātea te kore mohio tūturu ki te tiaki hauora tūturu. He mea nui te wā, na te mea ka taea te whakaora i ngā take maha o te koma ina mau wawe.

I te wā e tatari ana koe mō te āwhina, pupuri i te ara o te manawa o te tangata, kia tirotirohia hoki tōna manawa. Kaua e ngana ki te hoatu kai, wai rānei, na te mea ka taea te whakakī.

He aha ngā take morearea mō te koma?

Ka taea e ētahi take te whakanui ake i te tūponotanga o te tangata ki te koma. Ko te mārama ki ēnei morearea ka āwhina ki te aukati me te mohiotanga wawe o ngā tohu whakatūpato.

Ko ngā āhuatanga hauora e whakanui ana i te morearea ko:

• Te huka, ina kore e whakahaeretia pai
• Te hītori o ngā hopu, te mate hopu rānei
• Te mate ngakau, ngā āhua ngakau koretake rānei
• Te mate ate, te mate whatukuhu rānei
• Ngā pōkaikaha o mua, ngā whara o te roro rānei
• Te whakamahi taero, te whakawhirinaki rānei ki ngā rongoā

He mahi anō ngā take oranga. Ko ngā tāngata e mahi ana i ngā mahi morearea nui pēnei i ngā hākinakina nui, te eke paihikara kaore he potae, te inu nui rānei e āhei ana ki te nui ake o te tūponotanga. He mea nui te tau, na te mea he ngoikore ake ngā kaumātua ki ngā pōkaikaha me ngā mahi rongoā.

Ko te whai i ngā take morearea kāore e tikanga ka pā te koma ki a koe. He maha ngā tāngata e ora ana i ēnei āhuatanga i ngā oranga tino pai, hauora. Heoi, ko te matauranga ka āwhina i a koe me tō rōpū hauora kia mataara, kia tango hoki i ngā mahi aukati ina taea.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te koma?

Ka taea e te koma te arahi ki ngā raruraru maha, i te wā o te kore mohio me te whakaora. Ko te mārama ki ēnei ka āwhina i ngā whānau ki te whakarite me te tautoko i te tiaki tika.

Ko ngā raruraru tinana pea ko:

• Te mate huha mai i ngā raruraru manawa, te mimiti rānei
• Ngā toto i roto i ngā waewae, ngā ngāwari rānei mai i te kore nekehanga
• Ngā pupuhi mai i te takoto i tetahi tuunga
• Te ngoikore o ngā uaua me te ngoikore o ngā hononga
• Ngā mate mai i ngā kati, ngā pūnaha whāngai rānei
• Ngā hopu i te wā e ngana ana te roro ki te ora

Ko ngā pānga roa e whakawhirinaki ana ki te take o te koma me te roa o tōna roa. Ka ora katoa ētahi, ka whai raruraru tonu ētahi ki te mahara, te nekehanga, ngā huringa tūāpapa rānei. Ko te kaha whakamīharo o te roro ki te whakarite ka taea te whakaora mo ngā marama, ngā tau rānei.

Ka pā hoki ngā raruraru ngakau ki ngā whānau. Ko te matakitaki i tetahi whānau i roto i te koma ka hanga i te ahotea nui me te kore mōhio. He maha ngā hōhipera e whakarato ana i ngā tohutohu me ngā rōpū tautoko ki te āwhina i ngā whānau ki te whakahaere i tēnei wā uaua.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te koma?

Ka whakamahi ngā tākuta i ngā tikanga maha hei whakatau i te koma me te whakatau i tōna take. Ka tīmata te tukanga me te tirotiro tinana tino pai me te arotake i te hītori hauora.

Ko te Glasgow Coma Scale te taputapu matua e whakamahi ana ngā tākuta hei aromatawai i te taumata mohio. Ka tirotirohia e tēnei whakamātautau ēnei wāhanga e toru: te tuwhera o ngā kanohi, ngā whakautu kupu, me ngā whakautu motuka. Ko ngā tohu mai i te 3 ki te 15, ko ngā nama iti ake e tohu ana i te kore mohio hohonu.

Ka taea e ngā whakamātautau whakaahua roro pēnei i ngā CT scans, ngā MRI rānei te whakaatu i ngā raruraru hanganga pēnei i te toto, te pupuhi, ngā mate pūngāwerewere rānei. Ka tirotirohia e ngā whakamātautau toto ngā mate, ngā taumata rongoā, te huka toto, me te mahi o ngā kōeke. I etahi wā ka hiahia ngā tākuta ki te whakamātautau wai tuaiwi mō ngā mate, ngā rerekētanga rānei.

Ka taea e ngā whakamātautau atu te whakauru i ngā EEG hei ine i te mahi hiko o te roro, ngā karapa motuhake rānei hei tirotiro i te rere toto ki te roro. Ka hoatu e ia whakamātautau tētahi wāhanga o te mīharo, ka āwhina i ngā tākuta ki te mārama ki te take me te nui o te whara o te roro.

He aha te maimoatanga mō te koma?

Ko te maimoatanga koma e aro ana ki te whakatika i te take i te wā e tautoko ana i ngā mahi taketake o te tinana. Ka rereke te huarahi i runga i te mea i whakaoho i te kore mohio.

Ko te tiaki tūturu e whakauru ana:

• Te whakarite i te manawa me ngā taumata hau
• Te pupuri i te toto me te mahi o te ngakau
• Te whakaora i te take, pēnei i te whakakore i ngā taero nui, te whakaiti rānei i te pupuhi o te roro
• Te aukati i ngā raruraru mā te whakatakoto me te horoi tika
• Te whakarato kai mā ngā pūnaha whāngai
• Te tirotiro mō ngā hopu, ngā huringa rānei

Ko ngā maimoatanga motuhake e whakawhirinaki ana ki te take. Hei tauira, ko ngā koma huka e hiahia ana ki te whakatika huka toto, ko ngā koma e pā ana ki te pōkaikaha pea e hiahia ana ki ngā rongoā whakakore toto, te pokanga rānei. Ko ngā mate o te roro e karanga ana mō ngā rongoā mate huaketo, ngā rongoā mate huaketo rānei.

Ko te tautoko whakaora e whakauru ana i te rongoā tinana hei aukati i te ngoikore o ngā uaua, te rongoā mahi hei pupuri i te ngawari o ngā hononga, me te rongoā kōrero ina hoki mai te mohio. Ka hoatu e tēnei huarahi maha te tupono pai ki te whakaora.

Me pēhea te whakarato i te tiaki i te wā o te koma?

Ko te tiaki i tetahi i roto i te koma e hiahia ana ki te mātauranga hauora me te tautoko ngakau. Ahakoa ko ngā tohunga hauora te mahi i ngā āhuatanga hauora, he mahi nui ngā whānau i te tukanga whakaora.

Ka taea e koe te āwhina mā te kōrero ki tō whānau i ia rā, ahakoa kaore rātou e taea te whakautu. He maha ngā tāngata e pūrongo ana ki te whakarongo ki ngā kōrero i te wā o tō rātou koma, ā, ka taea e ngā reo māramatanga te whakarato i te whakamarie me te whakaoho. Tuhia ngā pārongo o ia rā, pānuihia ngā pukapuka tino pai, takaro rānei i te waiata e pai ana ki a rātou.

Ka taea hoki te whakaaro nui te pa tinana. Ko te pupuri ringa ngawari, te mirimiri mārama rānei ka taea te whakarato i te whakamarie, engari kia tirotirohia ngā nēhi mō te mea e tika ana. Ka kawea mai e ētahi whānau ngā kakara māramatanga pēnei i ngā mea kakara tino pai, ngā puawai rānei hei hanga i te taiao whaiaro ake.

Ko te tiaki i a koe ano he mea nui. Ka taea e ngā āhuatanga koma te roa mo ngā wiki, ngā marama rānei, na reira kia whakahaere koe i a koe ano. Tangohia te āwhina mai i ētahi atu mema whānau me ngā hoa, kaua hoki e whakaroa ki te whakamahi i ngā ratonga tautoko hōhipera.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō hui tākuta?

Ko te whakarite mō ngā hui hauora i te wā o te koma ka āwhina i a koe ki te whiwhi i te nuinga o tō wā me te rōpū hauora. Ko te whai i ngā mōhiohio tika e whakarite ana i ngā kōrero kia hua ake.

I mua i te whakatau ki ngā tākuta, kohikohia ngā hītori hauora e tika ana, tae atu ki ngā rongoā o nāianei, ngā mate hou, me ngā mate pāwera e mohiotia ana. Ki te puta mai te koma mai i te aituā, te taero nui rānei, kawea mai ngā kōrero mō te mea i puta me te wā.

Tuhia ō patai i mua. Ka hiahia pea koe ki te ui mō te take motuhake, te wā e tatari ana mō te ora, ngā maimoatanga e wātea ana, ngā tohu whakapai rānei hei titiro. Kaua e manukanuka ki te ui i ngā patai maha - koinei tonu te mea e tatari ana ngā tākuta.

Whakaarohia te kawea mai i te mema whānau, te hoa rānei ki ngā hui. Ka taea e rātou te āwhina i a koe ki te mahara ki ngā mōhiohio nui, te whakarato tautoko ngakau hoki i ngā kōrero uaua. Ka kite etahi whānau he mea whai hua te whakarite i tetahi tangata hei kaiwhakawhitiwhiti matua me te rōpū hauora.

He aha te mea nui mō ngā koma?

Ko te koma te whakautu a te roro ki te whara nui, te mate rānei, engari kāore pea he mea mau tonu. Ahakoa ka raru pea te wheako, ko te mārama ki te āhuatanga ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakahaere i tēnei wā uaua me te whakapono ake.

Ka rereke te whakaora mai i te tangata ki te tangata. Ka ara ake ētahi i roto i ngā rā, ngā wiki rānei. Ko te kaha o te roro ki te ora me te whakarite ka haere tonu te miharo i ngā tohunga hauora, na reira ko te pupuri i te tumanako i te wā e whakarite ana mō ngā hua rerekē he mea tika.

Kia mahara kei te noho koe kotahi i tēnei haerenga. Kei te wātea ngā rōpū hauora, ngā kaimahi pāpori, me ngā rōpū tautoko hei āwhina i a koe i ia kaupae. Aro atu ki te mea ka taea e koe te whakahaere, pēnei i te whakarato tautoko aroha me te tautoko i te tiaki hauora pai.

Ngā patai maha e ui ana mō ngā koma

Ka taea e ngā tāngata i roto i ngā koma te whakarongo ki a koe e kōrero ana ki a rātou?

He maha ngā tāngata e ora ana mai i ngā koma e pūrongo ana ki te whakarongo ki ngā kōrero, waiata, ngā reo māramatanga rānei i te wā o tō rātou wā kore mohio. Ahakoa kaore e taea e tātou te tino mōhio ki te mea e pā ana ki ia tangata, ko te kōrero ki tō whānau i ia rā ka taea te whakarato i te whakamarie mō kōrua.

E hā roa ngā koma?

Ka rereke te roa o te koma i runga i te take me te kino o te whara o te roro. Ka ara ake ētahi i roto i ngā haora, ngā rā rānei, ka noho ētahi i roto i ngā wiki, ngā marama rānei. Ko te tikanga, ko te roa o te koma, ko te uaua ake te whakaora. Heoi, kua ara ake ngā tāngata i muri i ngā wā roa, na reira he motuhake ia āhuatanga.

He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te koma me te mate roro?

Ko te koma te tikanga kei te mahi tonu te roro, ahakoa kaore te tangata e taea te ara ake, te whakautu rānei. Ka puta te mate roro ina mutu katoa te mahi o te roro, tae atu ki ngā mahi o te brainstem e whakahaere ana i te manawa me te tukunga o te ngakau. Ka taea e ngā tāngata i roto i ngā koma te ora, ko te mate roro he mea kore e taea te whakahoki mai, ā, ko te tikanga kua mate te tangata.

Ka taea e ngā tākuta te kī atu mēnā ka ara ake tetahi mai i te koma?

Ka taea e ngā tākuta te whakarato i ngā whakatau i runga i te take o te koma, te roa o tōna roa, me te whakautu o te tangata ki ētahi whakamātautau. Heoi, ko te kī atu i ngā hua tika he mea uaua tonu, na te mea he rerekē ia whara roro. Ka pā atu ētahi ki ngā tumanakohanga, kaore ētahi e ora penei i te tumanako. Ko te aro o ngā rōpū hauora ki te whakarato i te tiaki pai rawa atu i te wā e whakarite ana mō ngā ahuatanga rerekē.

He aha te mea e puta ana ina tīmata te ara ake o tetahi mai i te koma?

Ko te ara ake mai i te koma e puta ana i te iti iho i te tere pēnei i ngā kiriata. Ko te tikanga ka haere ngā tāngata i ngā kaupae, ka tīmata ki te tuwhera poto o ngā kanohi, ngā nekehanga iti rānei, ka haere tonu ki te whai i ngā whakahau ngāwari. Ka taea e te mohio katoa me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero noa te hoki mai i ngā rā, ngā wiki rānei. Ko te manawanui me te whakanui i ngā whakapaitanga iti ka āwhina i tēnei kaupae whakaora.