He aha te Mate Waiaro? Ngā Tohutohu, Ngā Take, me te Rongoā

Ko te mate waiaro he kupu whānui mō te ngaro o te mahara me ngā raruraru whakaaro e āhua ana ki te oranga o ia rā. Kāore i te kotahi te mate, engari he rōpū o ngā tohu e puta mai ana i ngā āhuatanga maha e pā ana ki te mahi o te roro.

Whakaarohia te mate waiaro hei kupu taupoki, rite tonu ki te "mate ngakau" e kapi ana i ngā āhuatanga ngakau rerekē. Ko te momo tino noa ko te mate Alzheimer, engari he maha atu ngā momo. Ahakoa ko te mate waiaro te nuinga o te pānga ki ngā kaumātua, ehara i te wāhi noa o te koroheketanga.

He aha te Mate Waiaro?

Ka puta te mate waiaro ina pakaru ngā pūtau o te roro, kāore hoki e taea te whakawhitiwhiti korero pai ki a rātou anō. Ko tēnei pakaru e pā ana ki te mahara, te whakaaro, te whāinga, me te kaha ki te mahi i ngā mahi o ia rā.

He āhuatanga haere tonu te āhua, arā, ka kaha ake ngā tohu i te wā. Heoi, ka rerekē te tere me te tauira o te hekenga mai i te tangata ki te tangata. Ka kite etahi i ngā tohu ngawari mō ngā tau, ka kite atu ētahi i ngā huringa tere ake.

He mea nui te mōhio kei te pā te mate waiaro ki ia tangata. Ahakoa ko te ngaro o te mahara te tohu tuatahi e kitea ana, ka taea hoki e te mate waiaro te pānga ki te reo, te whakatau raruraru, te aro, me te kite.

He aha ngā Tohutohu o te Mate Waiaro?

Ka taea e ngā tohu o te mate waiaro te iti me te haere māmā. Ka kite pea koe i ngā huringa i roto i te mahara, te whakaaro, te whāinga rānei e nui atu i te wareware noa o te pakeke.

Ko ngā tohu whakatūpato o mua e tino kitea ana ko:

• Te wareware i ngā kōrero hou, ngā kaupapa rānei, engari te mahara tonu ki ngā mahara tawhiti.
• Te uaua ki te kimi i ngā kupu tika, ki te whai rānei i ngā kōrero.
• Te ngaro i ngā wāhi e mohiotia ana, te whakapohehe rānei mō te wā me ngā rā.
• Te uaua ki te whakahaere moni, ki te whakatau rānei.
• Te whakatū i ngā taonga ki ngā wāhi ke.
• Ngā huringa i roto i te ngākau, te tūāpapa, te whāinga pāpori rānei.
• Te uaua ki te whakaoti i ngā mahi e mohiotia ana i te kāinga, i te mahi rānei.
• Te whakatau kino, te kaha whakatau rānei.

I te haere tonu o te mate waiaro, ka kaha ake ngā tohu. Ka raru pea te tangata ki te whakapohehe, te uaua ki te mohio ki ngā whānau, me ngā wero ki ngā mahi whaiaro.

He aha ngā Momo o te Mate Waiaro?

He maha ngā āhuatanga rerekē e taea te whakaeke i te mate waiaro, ia ia he āhuatanga motuhake me ngā tauira haere tonu. Ko te mōhio ki te momo e āwhina ana ki te aratohu i te rongoā me te mahere tiaki.

Ko ngā momo tino noa ko:

• Te mate Alzheimer: E 60-80% te nui o ngā keehi mate waiaro, e tohuhia ana e te hanga pūmua i roto i te roro.
• Te mate waiaro toto: I puta mai i te iti o te rere toto ki te roro, i muri i ngā pōka.
• Te mate waiaro Lewy body: He pūmua e kiia nei ko ngā Lewy bodies, e whakaatu ana i ngā whakairoiro whakapohehe.
• Te mate waiaro frontotemporal: E pā ana ki mua me ngā taha o te roro, e tīmata ana i te tau iti.
• Te mate waiaro whakauru: He whakauru o ngā momo e rua neke atu rānei, ko te Alzheimer me te toto te nuinga.

Ko ētahi momo onge ko te mate Huntington, te mate Creutzfeldt-Jakob, me te hydrocephalus pehanga noa. Ia momo he āhuatanga motuhake, ahakoa ka taea te whakakotahi o ngā tohu i waenga i ngā momo rerekē.

He aha ngā Take o te Mate Waiaro?

Ka puta te mate waiaro ina pakaru ngā pūtau o te roro, kāore rānei e ora, ka whakakore i te mahi noa o te roro. Ka rerekē ngā take take i runga i te momo mate waiaro.

He maha ngā take e taea te whakauru ki te pakaru o ngā pūtau roro:

• Ngā āhuatanga pūmua: Ko te Alzheimer kei roto ngā tau tangles me ngā amyloid plaques e whakakore ana i te mahi o ngā pūtau roro.
• Ngā raruraru i roto i ngā oko toto: Ko ngā pōka, ngā āhuatanga roa e pā ana ki te rere toto rānei e taea te pakaru i te kiko roro.
• Ngā whakarerekētanga ira: Ko ētahi momo onge te tuku tika, engari ko ētahi ira e piki ake ai te tūponotanga.
• Ngā whara roro: Ko te whara o te upoko nui, te whakamau rānei e taea te arahi ki te mate waiaro i muri mai o te ora.
• Ngā mate: Ko ētahi huaketo, pūngao rānei e taea te pakaru i te kiko roro.
• Te whakaū pokanoa: Te whakaū roa ki ētahi matū, rānei konganuku taumaha.

I roto i ngā keehi onge, ka taea e ngā tohu rite ki te mate waiaro te puta mai i ngā āhuatanga e taea te rongoā, penei i te kore o ngā huaora, ngā raruraru tairoironi, ngā pānga rongoā rānei. Koia te take he mea nui te arotake hauora tika mō te whakatau tika.

Nōhea te Tiro ki te Tūroro mō te Mate Waiaro?

Me ui koe ki te kaiwhakarongo hauora mena ka kite koe i ngā raruraru mahara roa, ngā huringa whakaaro rānei e āhua ana ki ngā mahi o ia rā. He mea nui te aromatawai wawe, na te mea ko ētahi āhuatanga e whakaeke ana i ngā tohu rite ki te mate waiaro ka taea te rongoā.

Rapua te awhina hauora mena ka pā atu ki a koe:

• Te ngaro o te mahara e whakakore ana i te oranga o ia rā, i te mahi rānei.
• Te uaua ki te whakaoti i ngā mahi e mohiotia ana.
• Te whakapohehe mō te wā, te wāhi, te tangata rānei.
• Ngā raruraru ki te reo, ki te whakawhitiwhiti korero rānei.
• Te whakatau kino, te kaha whakatau rānei.
• Ngā huringa tūāpapa, ngākau rānei.

Kaua e tatari mena ka whakaatu mai ngā whānau, ngā hoa rānei i ō raru mahara, whakaaro rānei. I etahi wā ka kite atu ētahi i ngā huringa i mua i a tātou anō. Ko te whakatau wawe e taea ai te whakarite pai me te uru atu ki ngā rongoā e taea te āwhina i te whakahaere i ngā tohu.

He aha ngā Take Tūponotanga mō te Mate Waiaro?

Ahakoa tetahi ka taea te whiwhi i te mate waiaro, he maha ngā take e piki ake ai tō tūponotanga ki te whiwhi i te āhuatanga. Ko ētahi take tūponotanga ka taea te whakahaere, ko ētahi kāore.

Ko ngā take tūponotanga kaore e taea te whakahaere ko:

• Te tau: Ka rua te tūponotanga i ia rima tau i muri i te 65 tau.
• Ngā ira: Ko te hītori whānau me ētahi momo ira e piki ake ai te tūponotanga.
• Te ira tangata: Ko ngā wāhine te nuinga o te whiwhi i te mate Alzheimer.
• Te iwi me te momo: Ko ētahi rōpū he tūponotanga teitei ake na ngā take ira me ngā take pāpori.

Ko ngā take tūponotanga ka taea te whakahaere e taea te whakauru:

• Te hauora ngakau: Ko te toto teitei, te mate huka, me te mate ngakau e piki ake ai te tūponotanga.
• Te mahi tinana: Ko te noho noa e whakauru ana ki te piki o te tūponotanga mate waiaro.
• Te whakauru pāpori: Ko te motu me te ngākau pouri e tere ai te hekenga o te hinengaro.
• Te mātauranga me te whakaohooho hinengaro: Ko ngā taumata mātauranga iti e hono ana ki te piki o te tūponotanga.
• Te kounga moe: Ko ngā tauira moe kino e taea te whakauru ki ngā huringa roro.
• Te whakakī me te waipiro nui: E rua ka taea te pakaru i ngā pūtau roro i te wā.

Ko te whakahaere i ngā take tūponotanga ka taea te whakahaere mā ngā whiringa oranga hauora e taea te āwhina i te whakaiti i tō tūponotanga whānui, ahakoa kāore e taea te whakamana i te aukati.

He aha ngā Raru pea o te Mate Waiaro?

Ka taea e te mate waiaro te arahi ki ngā raruraru maha i te haere tonu o te āhuatanga. Ko te mōhio ki ēnei wero pea e āwhina ana i ngā whānau ki te whakarite me te rapu i te tiaki tika.

Ko ngā raruraru tinana pea ko:

• Ngā hinga me ngā whara: Ko te whakapohehe me ngā raruraru toenga e piki ake ai te tūponotanga o ngā aituā.
• Te kore kai: Ko te wareware ki te kai, te uaua rānei ki te horomia e taea te ngaro o te taumaha.
• Ngā mate: Ko te iti o te horoi, ngā huringa pūnaha mate rānei e piki ake ai te tūponotanga o ngā mate.
• Ngā hapa rongoā: Ko te whakapohehe mō ngā rongoā e taea te arahi ki ngā hapa kino.
• Te haereere: Te ngaro, te haere rānei ki ngā āhuatanga kino.

Ko ngā raruraru ngākau me te whāinga ko te pouri, te manukanuka, te whakaohooho, me ngā raruraru moe. Ka taea e ēnei tohu te whakararu i te tangata me te mate waiaro me ōna whānau.

I ngā wā whakamutunga, ko ngā raruraru pea ko te uaua ki te horomia, te piki o te tūponotanga ki te mate huango, me te whakawhirinaki katoa ki ētahi atu mō te tiaki o ia rā. Heoi, he maha ngā tangata me te mate waiaro e ora ana i ngā oranga whai hua mō ngā tau me te tautoko tika me te tiaki hauora.

Me pēhea te aukati i te Mate Waiaro?

Ahakoa kāore e taea te aukati katoa i te mate waiaro, e kī ana te rangahau ko ētahi whiringa oranga e taea te āwhina i te whakaiti i tō tūponotanga, te whakaroa rānei i te tīmatanga o ngā tohu.

Ko ngā tikanga hauora ngakau e pai ana ki tō roro:

• Te whakakī noa: Whakataurite ki te 150 meneti o te mahi māmā i ia wiki.
• Te kai hauora: Ko ngā kai Mediterranean, DASH rānei e whai hua ana i ngā hua, ngā huawhenua, me te ika.
• Te whakahaere toto teitei: Pupuri i ngā taumata hauora mā te kai, te whakakī, me te rongoā mena e hiahiatia ana.
• Te whakahaere mate huka: Pupuri i ngā taumata huka toto i roto i ngā āhuatanga e whai hua ana.
• Te whakahaere cholesterol: Whakahaere i ngā taumata mā te kai me te rongoā ina tika.

Ko ngā mahi whakaohooho roro pea e āwhina ana:

• Te ako me te mātauranga ora.
• Te whakauru pāpori me te pupuri i ngā hononga.
• Ngā mahi hinengaro wero penei i ngā mīharo, te pānui rānei.
• Te ako i ngā pūkenga hou, ngā hīkoi rānei.

Ko te moe kounga, te karo i te whakakī, te whakaiti i te inu waipiro, me te whakahaere i te ahotea e whakauru ana ki te hauora roro. Ahakoa ko ēnei rautaki e taea te āwhina i te whakaiti i te tūponotanga, kāore e whakamana i te aukati, ina koa mō ngā momo ira o te mate waiaro.

Me pēhea te Whakatau i te Mate Waiaro?

Ko te whakatau i te mate waiaro kei roto he aromatawai whānui e ngā tohunga hauora. Kāore he whakamātautau kotahi mō te mate waiaro, no reira ka whakamahi ngā tākuta i ngā huarahi maha ki te whiwhi i te whakatau tika.

Ko te tukanga whakatau e whakauru ana:

• Te hītori hauora: He kōrero taipitopito mō ngā tohu, te hītori whānau, me ngā rongoā.
• Te arotake tinana: Te tirotiro mō ētahi atu āhuatanga hauora e taea te whakaeke i ngā tohu.
• Te whakamātautau hinengaro: Ngā aromatawai mahara, whakatau raruraru, me ngā pūkenga whakaaro.
• Ngā whakamātautau toto: Te whakakore i te kore o ngā huaora, ngā raruraru tairoironi, ngā mate rānei.
• Te whakaahua roro: Ko ngā tātaritanga CT, MRI rānei ki te titiro mō ngā huringa hanganga, ngā pōka rānei.

Ko te whakamātautau motuhake pea kei roto ngā aromatawai neuropsychological, ngā tātaritanga PET, te tātaritanga wai tuaiwi rānei i ētahi keehi. Ko te whāinga ko te whakatau, ehara i te mea kei te pā te mate waiaro, engari ko te momo me te take pea.

Ka roa pea te whiwhi i te whakatau tika, me te hiahia pea ki te haere ki ngā tohunga penei i ngā neurologists, geriatricians rānei. Kaua e pouri mena ka roa te tukanga – ko te aromatawai tika e arahi ana ki te mahere rongoā pai ake.

He aha te Rongoā mō te Mate Waiaro?

Ahakoa kāore he rongoā mō te nuinga o ngā momo mate waiaro, he maha ngā rongoā e taea te āwhina i te whakahaere i ngā tohu me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te ora. Ko ngā huarahi rongoā e aro ana ki te whakaiti i te haere tonu me te whakautu ki ngā tohu motuhake.

Ko ngā rongoā mō te mate waiaro pea ko:

• Ngā kaihoroi cholinesterase: Ko te donepezil, rivastigmine, me te galantamine e taea te āwhina ki te mahara me te whakaaro.
• NMDA antagonist: Ko te memantine pea e taea te āwhina ki ngā tohu Alzheimer o te reo ki te nui.
• Ngā rongoā hou: Ko te aducanumab me te lecanemab he whiringa hou mō te mate Alzheimer o mua.
• Ngā rongoā tohu motuhake: Ngā rongoā pouri mō te pouri, ngā rongoā moe mō ngā raruraru moe.

Ko ngā huarahi kore-rongoā he mea nui:

• Ngā mahi o ia rā whakarite me ngā taiao e mohiotia ana.
• Te whakakī noa me ngā mahi pāpori.
• Te whakaohooho hinengaro mā ngā mīharo, ngā kēmu, ngā kōrero rānei.
• Te rongoā waiata, te rongoā toi, te rongoā kararehe rānei.
• Te rongoā mahi ki te pupuri i ngā pūkenga ora o ia rā.

Me whakarite ngā mahere rongoā i runga i te momo mate waiaro, te wā o te haere tonu, me ngā manakohanga whaiaro. Ko te whai tonu ki ngā kaiwhakarongo hauora e āwhina ana ki te whakarite i ngā rongoā i te wā e hiahiatia ana.

Me pēhea te tango i te rongoā kāinga i te wā o te mate waiaro?

Ko te whakahaere i te mate waiaro i te kāinga e hiahia ana ki te hanga i te taiao haumaru, tautoko, i te pupuri i te mana me te motuhake o te tangata.

Ko ngā whakarerekētanga haumaru mō te kāinga ko:

• Te tango i ngā tūponotanga hinga penei i ngā moenga ngawari, te porangi rānei.
• Te tāpiri i ngā pou hopu i roto i ngā ruma horoi me te mārama pai puta noa i te whare.
• Te tiaki i ngā taonga kino pea penei i ngā maripi, ngā matū, ngā kī motuka rānei.
• Te whakamahi i ngā pūmau, ngā ārai rānei i ngā tatau ki te aukati i te haereere.
• Te tohu i ngā ruma, ngā pouaka, me ngā taonga nui mā ngā whakaahua, ngā kupu rānei.

Ko ngā rautaki tiaki o ia rā e āwhina ana:

• Te whakarite i ngā mahi whakarite mō ngā kai, ngā rongoā, me ngā mahi.
• Te wehewehe i ngā mahi uaua ki ngā kaupae ngāwari, ngāwari rānei.
• Te whakamahi i ngā tohu tirohanga me ngā whakamahara mō ngā mahi nui.
• Te pupuri i ngā taonga e mohiotia ana me ngā whakaahua i roto i ngā wāhi noho.
• Te whakarato i ngā wā noa mō te mahi tinana me te whakauru pāpori.

Me tuku atu hoki e ngā kaiwhakahaere te pai o rātou ake mā ngā rōpū tautoko, te tiaki wātea, me te rapu awhina ina hiahiatia. Ko te tiaki i a koe anō e taea ai te whakarato i te tiaki pai ake mō tō tangata aroha.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō hui tūroro?

Ko te whakarite mō te haerenga ki te tākuta e pā ana ki te mate waiaro e āwhina ana ki te whakarite ka whiwhi koe i te hua nui mai i tō hui. Ko te kawe mai i ngā korero me ngā pūrongo tika e taea ai te pai ake o te tiaki.

I mua i tō hui, kohikohia:

• Te rārangi katoa o ngā rongoā, tae atu ki ngā rongoā-kāinga me ngā taapiri.
• Te hītori hauora tae atu ki ngā hua whakamātautau o mua me ngā noho whare hāora.
• Te whakaahuatanga taipitopito o ngā tohu, te tīmatanga, me te huringa.
• Te rārangi o ngā āwangawanga motuhake, ngā pūrongo rānei e hiahia ana koe ki te whakautu.
• Ngā kāri inihua me ngā tuhinga whakaatu.

Whakaarohia te kawe mai i te mema whānau, te hoa tata rānei e taea te:

• Te whakarato i ngā korero atu mō ngā huringa i kitea.
• Te āwhina ki te mahara ki ngā korero nui i kōrerotia i te wā o te haerenga.
• Te whakarato i te tautoko ngākau i ngā kōrero pea ka uaua.
• Te āwhina ki te kawe mena e hiahiatia ana.

Tuhia ō pūrongo tino nui i mua, na te mea ka taea e ngā hui te whakararu. Kaua e mangere ki te tono mō te whakamārama mena kāore koe e mōhio ki tetahi mea – e hiahia ana tō rōpū hauora ki te āwhina i a koe ki te mōhio pai ki tō āhuatanga.

He aha te mea nui mō te Mate Waiaro?

He āhuatanga uaua te mate waiaro e pā ana ki ngā miriona o te tangata puta noa te ao, engari ehara i te mea me tū kotahi koe. Ahakoa ka taea e te whakatau te whakararu, ko te mōhio ki te mate waiaro e manaaki ana i a koe ki te whakatau whakamārama mō te tiaki me te rongoā.

Kia mahara kei te pā te mate waiaro ki ia tangata. Ko ētahi tangata e pupuri ana i ō rātou kaha i te roa atu i ētahi, a he maha tonu e mau tonu ana ki ngā hononga whai hua me ngā mahi mō ngā tau i muri i te whakatau. Ko te mea nui ko te aro ki te mea kei te taea tonu, kāore i te mea kua ngaro.

Ko te whakatau wawe me te whakauru ka taea te whakarite i te rerekētanga nui i te whakahaere i ngā tohu me te whakarite mō te heke mai. Mena kei te awangawanga koe mō ngā huringa mahara i roto i a koe, i te tangata aroha rānei, kaua e tatari ki te rapu aromatawai ngaio. He maha ngā taputapu me ngā rautaki a ngā kaiwhakarongo hauora ki te āwhina i ngā tangata me te mate waiaro ki te ora pai.

E wātea ana te tautoko mā ngā kaiwhakarongo hauora, ngā whakahaere hapori, me ngā rōpū tautoko. Kāore koe e hiahia ki te haere i tēnei haerenga kotahi – ko te toro atu mō te awhina he tohu o te kaha, ehara i te ngoikore.

Ngā Pūrongo Nui e Pā ana ki te Mate Waiaro

P1: He rite te mate waiaro ki te mate Alzheimer?

Kāo, ko te mate waiaro he kupu taupoki mō ngā tohu e pā ana ki te mahara me te whakaaro, ko te mate Alzheimer te take tino noa o te mate waiaro. Whakaarohia te mate waiaro hei tohu, ko te Alzheimer te take pea, ahakoa he maha atu ngā momo penei i te mate waiaro toto me te mate waiaro Lewy body.

P2: Ka taea e ngā taitama te whiwhi i te mate waiaro?

Ae, ahakoa he onge, ka taea e te mate waiaro te pā ki ngā tangata i raro i te 65 tau, e kiia ana ko te mate waiaro o mua, te mate waiaro taitama rānei. Koinei te 5-10% o ngā keehi mate waiaro katoa. Ko te mate waiaro frontotemporal me ngā momo ira te nuinga i roto i ngā taitama, a ka rerekē pea ngā take mai i te mate waiaro o muri.

P3: Kia tere te haere tonu o te mate waiaro?

Ko te haere tonu o te mate waiaro e rerekē ana i waenga i ngā tangata me ngā momo. Ko ētahi tangata e kite ana i ngā huringa māmā i ngā tau maha, ka heke atu ētahi atu. Ko ngā take penei i te hauora whānui, te momo mate waiaro, te uru atu ki te rongoā, me te tautoko pāpori e pā ana ki te tere o te haere tonu.

P4: Ka taea tonu e ngā tangata me te mate waiaro te noho motuhake?

He maha ngā tangata me te mate waiaro o mua e taea tonu te noho motuhake me ētahi tautoko me ngā whakarerekētanga haumaru. I te haere tonu o te āhuatanga, ka hiahiatia ngā taumata tautoko e piki ake ana. Ko te mea nui ko te aromatawai noa o te haumaru me ngā kaha, me ngā mahere tiaki e whakaritea ana.

P5: Kei roto i ngā whānau te mate waiaro?

Ko te hītori whānau e taea te piki ake i te tūponotanga mate waiaro, engari ko te nuinga o ngā keehi kāore i te tuku tika. Ko te whai mātua, te teina rānei me te mate waiaro pea ka rua tō tūponotanga, engari koinei tonu te tikanga ko te nuinga o te tangata e kore e whiwhi i te āhuatanga. Ko ngā momo ira onge anake te whakamana i te tuku, e pā ana ki te iti iho i te 5% o ngā keehi katoa.