He aha te Mate Huka? Tohutohu, Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ko te mate huka tetahi āhuatanga ka uaua ai tō tinana ki te whakahaere tika i ngā taumata huka toto. Whakaarohia he rite ki te pūnaha kaha o tō tinana e hiahia ana ki ētahi tautoko atu kia mahi pai.

Ina kai koe, ka wawahi tō tinana i te kai hei huka (huka) mō te kaha. I te nuinga o te wā, ka āwhina te homoni e kiia nei ko te insulin i tēnei huka ki te tomo ki roto i ō pūtau. Ki te mate huka, ehara i te mea ka nui te insulin e hanga ana e tō tinana, kāore rānei e taea te whakamahi tika, ka nui haere te huka ki roto i tō toto, kāore i te whakakāka i ō pūtau.

He aha te Mate Huka?

Ka puta te mate huka ina nui rawa te huka toto mō te roa rawa. Ko tō pancreas, he iti te whekau kei muri i tō kopu, ka hanga i te insulin hei āwhina i te huka ki te tomo ki roto i ō pūtau mō te kaha.

He maha ngā momo mate huka, engari he rite katoa rātou ki tēnei wero whānui ki te whakahaere huka toto. Ko te rongo pai, mā te tiaki tika me ngā whakarerekētanga noho ora, ka taea e te hunga mate huka te noho ora, hauora.

Neke atu i te 37 miriona o ngā Amerikana kei a rātou te mate huka, no reira ehara koe i te kotahi anake mena kei te whakahaere koe i tēnei āhuatanga. Kua noho hei mea noa, engari kua pai haere te mārama hauora me ngā whiringa maimoatanga i ngā tau kua pahure.

He aha ngā Momo Mate Huka?

Ka puta te mate huka momo 1 ina whakaeke he te pūnaha ārai mate o tō tinana i ngā pūtau kei roto i tō pancreas e hanga ana i te insulin. Ko te tikanga tenei ka iti te insulin e hanga ana e tō tinana, kāore rānei, ka hiahiatia he whakaurunga insulin i ngā rā katoa kia ora ai.

Ka whanake te mate huka momo 2 ina ka ārai tō tinana ki te insulin, kāore rānei e hanga nui. Koinei te momo tino noa, e pā ana ki te 90-95% o te hunga mate huka, a ka tupu haere pea i roto i ngā tau.

Ka puta te mate huka whānau i te wā hapu ina ka uaua ake te mahi a te insulin nā ngā huringa homoni. Ka ngaro pea i muri i te whānau, engari ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te whanake i te mate huka momo 2 i muri mai i te ora.

He momo iti ano hoki, pēnei i te MODY (Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young), e puta ana i ngā rerekētanga ira, me te mate huka tuarua e puta ana i ētahi atu āhuatanga hauora, rānei rongoā e pā ana ki te pancreas.

He aha ngā Tohutohu o te Mate Huka?

Ka taea e ngā tohu o te mate huka te noho ngāwari ki te whakakore i te wāruarua o ia rā, rānei te ahotea. Kei te mahi nui tō tinana ki te whakahaere i te huka toto teitei, ka waiho koe i te ngenge me te kore hauora.

Ko ngā tohu noa ka kite koe:

• Nui ake te matewai me te maha o te mimi, ina koa i te pō
• Te ngenge koretake e kore e pai ake ki te okioki
• Te tirohanga mōrearea e haere ana me te haere mai
• Te whakaora ngāwari o ngā kotinga, rānei ngā mate maha
• Te ngaro o te taumaha kaore i te whakamāramahia ahakoa te kai noa
• Te wiri, rānei te ngenge i ō ringa, rānei i ō waewae
• Te nui o te hiakai ahakoa te kai

Ka puta wawe ngā tohu o te mate huka momo 1, i etahi wā i roto i ngā wiki. Ka tupu haere pea ngā tohu o te mate huka momo 2, koia te take kaore te tokomaha e mohio ana kei a rātou mō ngā marama, rānei ngā tau.

Kaore etahi e kite i ngā tohu i ngā wā tuatahi, ina koa ki te mate huka momo 2. Koia te take he mea nui ngā tirotiro hauora auau e whakauru ana i te whakamātautau huka toto hei hopu i te mate huka i te wā wawe.

He aha ngā Take o te Mate Huka?

Ka rerekē te take tika i runga i te momo mate huka e whanake ana koe. Mō te mate huka momo 1, he āhuatanga ārai mate ia e whakangaro ana te pūnaha ārai mate o tō tinana i ngā pūtau e hanga ana i te insulin kei roto i tō pancreas.

Ka whanake te mate huka momo 2 mā te whakakotahitanga o ngā take e pā ana ki te tukatuka a tō tinana i te insulin:

• Te ārai insulin, kaore ō pūtau e whakautu tika ana ki te insulin
• Te heke haere o te hanga insulin e tō pancreas
• Te tūponotanga ira e tukuna ana e ngā whānau
• Ngā take noho ora pēnei i te kai, te mahi tinana, me te taumaha
• Ngā huringa e pā ana ki te tau i te tukatuka a tō tinana i te huka

Ka puta te mate huka whānau ina ka whakakāhore ngā homoni hapu i te mahi insulin. Ka hanga te placenta i ngā homoni ka taea te whakapakari i ō pūtau ki te insulin, ā, i etahi wā kaore e taea e tō pancreas te pupuri i te tono nui.

I roto i ngā take onge, ka puta te mate huka i ngā mate pancreas, ētahi rongoā pēnei i ngā steroids, rānei ngā mate ira. Ka taea hoki e ngā mate huaketo te whakaoho i te mate huka momo 1 ki te hunga e pā ana ki te ira.

Nōhea te Tiro ki te Taakuta mō te Mate Huka?

Me kite koe i te kaiwhakarato hauora mena kei te pāngia koe e tetahi whakakotahitanga o ngā tohu mate huka, ina koa te nui o te matewai, te maha o te mimi, me te ngenge kaore i te whakamāramahia. Kaore e tika te whakakore i ēnei tohu, ahakoa he ngāwari.

Rapua te awhina hauora tere mena ka whanake koe i ngā tohu kino pēnei i te ruaki, te uaua ki te manawa, te manawa kakara hua, rānei te moe nui. Ka taea e ēnei te tohu i te ketoacidosis huka, he āhuatanga kino e hiahia ana ki te maimoatanga tere.

He mea nui te tirotiro auau ahakoa kaore he tohu. Me whakamātautau ngā pakeke neke atu i te 35 tau i ia toru tau, ā, i mua atu rānei i te maha atu mena kei a koe ngā take tūponotanga pēnei i te hītori whānau, te momona, rānei te toto teitei.

Mena kei te hapu koe, ka puta pea te whakamātautau huka i waenga i te 24-28 wiki. Ka hiahia pea etahi wāhine he nui ake ngā take tūponotanga ki te whakamātautau i mua atu i te wā hapu.

He aha ngā Take Tūponotanga mō te Mate Huka?

He maha ngā take ka taea te whakanui i ō tūponotanga ki te whanake i te mate huka, ahakoa te mea kei a koe ngā take tūponotanga, ehara tena i te tikanga ka whiwhi koe i te āhuatanga. Ko te mārama ki tō tūponotanga ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakatau whakamārama mō tō hauora.

Ko ngā take tūponotanga mō te mate huka momo 2:

• Te momona, rānei te taumaha nui, ina koa ki te ngako o te kopu
• Te hītori whānau o te mate huka i ngā mātua, rānei i ngā teina
• Te tau 35 tau rānei neke atu, ahakoa ka puta i tetahi tau
• Te kore mahi tinana, rānei te noho noa
• Te hītori o te mate huka whānau, rānei te whānau i te tamaiti neke atu i te 9 pauna
• Te toto teitei, rānei ngā taumata cholesterol koretake
• Te mate polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) i ngā wāhine
• Ētahi iwi, tae atu ki te African American, Hispanic, Native American, rānei Asian American

Kaore i te mārama ngā take tūponotanga o te mate huka momo 1, engari ka whakauru pea te hītori whānau, ētahi tohu ira, me ngā whakaoho taiao pēnei i ngā mate huaketo. Ka taea te whanake i tetahi tau, engari ka puta pea i te tamarikitanga, rānei i te taitamarikitanga.

Kaore e taea te whakarerekē ētahi take tūponotanga pēnei i te ira me te tau, engari kei roto i tō mana ētahi atu pēnei i te taumaha, te kai, me ngā tikanga whakakori tinana. Ahakoa ngā whakakori noho ora iti ka taea te whakaiti nui i tō tūponotanga ki te whanake i te mate huka momo 2.

He aha ngā Āhuatanga Ka Taea o te Mate Huka?

Ka taea e te huka toto teitei te whakarawe i ngā oko toto me ngā io i roto i tō tinana, ka ārai ai ki ngā āhuatanga maha. Ko te rongo pai, ko te pupuri i tō huka toto pai te whakahaere i te whakaiti nui i tō tūponotanga ki te whanake i ēnei raruraru.

Ko ngā āhuatanga noa ka taea te whanake haere:

• Te mate ngakau me te pōkaikaha nā te whakarawe i ngā oko toto
• Te mate whatukuhu (diabetic nephropathy) ka taea te haere ki te kore whatukuhu
• Ngā raruraru kanohi tae atu ki te retinopathy huka, ka taea te whakapōrori
• Te whakarawe io (diabetic neuropathy) e whakaputa ana i te mamae, te wiri, rānei te ngenge
• Ngā raruraru waewae me te whakaora ngāwari o ngā kotinga ka ārai pea ki ngā mate
• Ngā āhuatanga kiri me te nui ake o te tūponotanga ki ngā mate
• Ngā raruraru niho tae atu ki te mate ngākau

Ko ngā āhuatanga ohorere e hiahia ana ki te awhina hauora tere, tae atu ki te ketoacidosis huka (i te nuinga i te momo 1), te hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (i te nuinga i te momo 2), me ngā wāhanga huka toto iti kino.

Ahakoa he wehi ēnei āhuatanga, kia mahara ko te whakahaere huka toto pai, te tiaki hauora auau, me ngā whiringa noho ora hauora ka taea te ārai, rānei te whakaroa nui i te nuinga o rātou. He tokomaha ngā tangata mate huka e ora ana i te ora kaore he āhuatanga.

Me pēhea te Ārai i te Mate Huka?

Kaore e taea te ārai i te mate huka momo 1, no te mea he āhuatanga ārai mate ia. Heoi, ka taea te ārai i te mate huka momo 2 mā ngā whakarerekētanga noho ora, ahakoa kei a koe ngā take tūponotanga ira.

Ko ngā rautaki ārai whai hua e whakauru ana i te pupuri i te taumaha hauora mā te kai rite me te mahi tinana auau. Ahakoa te iti o te ngaro taumaha o te 5-10% ka taea te whakaiti nui i tō tūponotanga mena kei te momona koe.

Arotake ki te kai i ngā kai katoa pēnei i ngā huawhenua, ngā hua, ngā pūmua ngawari, me ngā witi katoa i te wā e whakakore ana i ngā kai tukatuka, ngā inu huka, me ngā kāreti whakaohooho. Kaore koe e hiahia ki te kai tino pai, engari he whiringa hauora mau tonu i te nuinga o te wā.

Whakaarohia te neke atu i te 150 meneti o te whakakori tinana i ia wiki, pēnei i te hikoi tere, te kauhoe, rānei te hikareti. Ka āwhina hoki te whakakori kaha rua i te wiki i ō uaua ki te whakamahi i te huka nui ake.

Ko ētahi atu mahi whai hua e whakauru ana i te whakahaere ahotea, te moe tika, te karo i te whakamahinga tapeka, me te whakakore i te inu waipiro. Ko ēnei take noho ora katoa e pā ana ki te tukatuka a tō tinana i te huka me te whakautu ki te insulin.

Me pēhea te Whakataurite i te Mate Huka?

Ko te whakataurite mate huka e whakauru ana i ngā whakamātautau toto ngāwari e ine ana i ō taumata huka. Ka whakamahi pea tō taakuta i tetahi whakamātautau, rānei neke atu hei whakau i te whakataurite me te whakatau i te momo mate huka kei a koe.

Ko ngā whakamātautau whakataurite tino noa ko te whakamātautau A1C, e whakaatu ana i tō huka toto toharite i ngā marama 2-3 kua pahure. Ko te A1C o te 6.5% neke atu rānei e tohu ana i te mate huka, i te 5.7-6.4% e tohu ana i te prediabetes.

Ka ine ngā whakamātautau huka plasma nohopuku i tō huka toto i muri i te kore kai mō te neke atu i te 8 haora. Ko te hua o te 126 mg/dL neke atu rānei e tohu ana i te mate huka, i te 100-125 mg/dL e tohu ana i te prediabetes.

Ka taea te mahi i ngā whakamātautau huka plasma kore nohopuku i tetahi wā kaore he nohopuku. Ko te hua o te 200 mg/dL neke atu rānei, me ngā tohu mate huka, e tohu ana i te mate huka.

Ka tono pea tō taakuta i ētahi atu whakamātautau pēnei i ngā taumata C-peptide, rānei ngā whakamātautau autoantibody hei wehewehe i waenga i te mate huka momo 1 me te momo 2, ina koa ki ngā pakeke e whanake ana i te āhuatanga.

He aha te Maimoatanga mō te Mate Huka?

Ko te maimoatanga mate huka e arotahi ana ki te pupuri i ō taumata huka toto tata ki te noa i te wā e āwhina ana i a koe ki te pai.

Ko te huarahi motuhake e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo mate huka kei a koe me ō āhuatanga motuhake.

Ko te mate huka momo 1 e hiahia tonu ana ki te maimoatanga insulin, no te mea kaore tō tinana e hanga i te insulin. Ka mahi tahi koe me tō rōpū hauora ki te whakatau i ngā momo me te wā tika o ngā whakaurunga insulin, rānei te maimoatanga pūnaha insulin.

Ko te maimoatanga mate huka momo 2 ka tīmata pea ki ngā whakarerekētanga noho ora tae atu ki te kai hauora, te whakakori tinana auau, me te whakahaere taumaha. Mena kaore ēnei e nui, ka tono pea tō taakuta i ngā rongoā pēnei i te metformin, e āwhina ana i tō tinana ki te whakamahi i te insulin nui ake.

Ko ētahi atu rongoā mate huka momo 2 e mahi ana i ngā huarahi rerekē, pēnei i te āwhina i tō pancreas ki te hanga i te insulin nui ake, te whakaheke i te tango huka, rānei te āwhina i ō whatukuhu ki te tango i te huka nui mā te mimi.

He mea nui te tirotiro huka toto mō ngā momo mate huka katoa. Ka tūtohu tō taakuta i te maha o te tirotiro i ō taumata me ngā āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana e koe i runga i tō āhuatanga motuhake.

Ko ngā tirotiro hauora auau e āwhina ana ki te tirotiro i tō haere whakamua me te tirotiro mō ngā āhuatanga. Ko ēnei e whakauru ana i ngā whakamātautau A1C i ia 3-6 marama, ngā tirotiro kanohi tau, ngā whakamātautau mahi whatukuhu, me ngā tirotiro waewae.

Me pēhea te Tango i te Maimoatanga Kāinga i te Wā Mate Huka?

Ko te whakahaere i te mate huka i te kāinga e whakauru ana i te hanga i ngā mahi o ia rā e tautoko ana i ngā taumata huka toto pumau. Ko te matua ko te mau tonu i tō kai, rongoā, me ngā tauira mahi i te wā e noho manawaha ana ki te whakahaere i ngā piki me ngā heke o te ora.

Tirohia tō huka toto kia rite ki te tūtohu a tō rōpū hauora, kia pupuri i te rārangi o ngā pānui me ngā tuhi mō ngā kai, te whakakori tinana, te ahotea, me te āhua o tō ngakau. Ka āwhina tēnei mōhiohio i a koe me tō taakuta ki te whakarerekē i te maimoatanga.

Tangohia ngā rongoā kia rite ki te tono, ahakoa kei te pai koe. Whakatūpatohia ngā whakamaharatanga i tō waea, rānei whakamahia he kaiwhakahaere rongoā hei āwhina i te mau tonu. Kaua rawa e ngaro ngā horoinga, rānei mutu ngā rongoā kaore i te ui ki tō taakuta.

Whakaritea ngā kai me ngā kai iti e whakauru ana i te whakakotahitanga o te pūmua, ngā ngako hauora, me ngā kāreti uaua. Ko te ako ki te tatau i ngā kāreti ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakatau pai ake i te āhua o ngā kai ki tō huka toto.

Noho mahi ki ngā mahi e pai ana koe, engari kia rite ki te whakarerekē i tō mahi i runga i ō taumata huka toto. Pupurihia ngā papa huka tere-mahi, rānei ngā kai iti mena ka iti te huka toto.

Hangaia he pūnaha tautoko me te whānau, ngā hoa, rānei ngā rōpū tautoko mate huka. He ngāwari ake te whakahaere i te āhuatanga roa ina kaore koe e ngākau ana kei te mahi koe kotahi.

Me pēhea te Whakamahere mō tō Hui Taakuta?

Ko te whakamahere mō ō hui mate huka e āwhina ana i a koe ki te whakamahi pai i tō wā me tō rōpū hauora. Kawe mai tō rārangi huka toto, rārangi rongoā, me ētahi patai, rānei ngā āwangawanga kei a koe.

Tuhia ngā tohu kua pāngia koe mai i tō toro whakamutunga, tae atu ki te wā i puta ai, me te mea pea i whakaoho ai. Kaua e manukanuka ki te tino taipitopito – ka āwhina tēnei mōhiohio i tō taakuta ki te mārama ki te āhua o tō whakautu ki te maimoatanga.

Whakamahia he rārangi o ngā rongoā katoa kei te tango koe, tae atu ki ngā rongoā-ā-te-kāinga me ngā taapiri. Kawe mai ngā pounamu pono mena ka taea, no te mea he mea nui ngā horoinga me te wā mō tō whakahaere mate huka.

Whakaarohia ō whāinga me ō āwangawanga e pā ana ki tō tiaki mate huka. Kei te uaua koe ki ētahi āhuatanga o te whakahaere? Kei te hiahia koe ki te kōrero mō ngā whiringa maimoatanga hou, rānei ngā whakarerekētanga noho ora?

Kawe mai he mema whānau, rānei he hoa mena kei te hiahia koe ki te tautoko, ina koa mō ngā hui nui ka kōrero pea ngā whakarerekētanga maimoatanga. Ka taea e rātou te āwhina i a koe ki te mahara ki te mōhiohio me te ui ki ngā patai ka wareware pea koe.

He aha te Tāruanga Matua e pā ana ki te Mate Huka?

He āhuatanga taea te whakahaere te mate huka e kore e whakatau i tō ora, rānei e whakakore i ō moemoeā. Ahakoa e hiahia ana ki te aro me te tiaki o ia rā, he miriona ngā tangata mate huka e ora ana i te ora katoa, te mahi, me te hauora.

Ko te mea nui rawa ka taea e koe ko te mahi tata ki tō rōpū hauora ki te whakawhanake i te mahere whakahaere e rite ana ki tō noho ora me ō whāinga. Ko tēnei huarahi hoa e homai ana i a koe te tupono pai ki te pupuri i te whakahaere huka toto pai me te ārai i ngā āhuatanga.

Kia mahara ko te whakahaere mate huka he marathona, ehara i te tere. Ko ētahi rā ka pai ake i ētahi atu, ā, he mea noa tēnā. Arotake ki te haere whakamua, kāore i te tino pai, ā, whakanuia ngā wikitoria iti i te huarahi.

Noho mōhiotia mō tō āhuatanga, engari kaua e tuku kia nui rawa. Kei te haere tonu te whakapai ake o te hangarau me ngā whiringa maimoatanga, ka ngāwari ake, ka nui ake te whai hua i mua i te whakahaere mate huka.

Ngā Pātai Auau e pā ana ki te Mate Huka

Ka taea te whakaora i te mate huka?

I tēnei wā, kaore he rongoā mō te mate huka, engari ka taea te whakahaere pai. Ka taea pea te haere ki te remission te mate huka momo 2 mā ngā whakarerekētanga noho ora nui, engari e hiahia tonu ana ki te tirotiro tonu. Ko te mate huka momo 1 e hiahia tonu ana ki te maimoatanga insulin, ahakoa kei te haere tonu te rangahau ki ngā rongoā pea.

Me whakarere ke ahau i aku kai tino pai katoa?

Kaore koe e hiahia ki te whakarere i ō kai tino pai katoa, engari me ako koe ki te pai ki a rātou i te wā tika me te taurite ki ētahi atu whiringa hauora. Ko te mahi tahi me te kaiwhakaako kai rehitatia ka āwhina i a koe ki te hanga i te mahere kai e whakauru ana i ngā kai e pai ana koe i te wā e pupuri ana i tō huka toto pumau.

He mate huaketo te mate huka?

Kāo, ehara te mate huka i te mate huaketo. Kaore e taea te hopu i tetahi atu mā te hono, te tuwha kai, rānei te noho tata ki te hunga mate huka. Ko te momo 1 he āhuatanga ārai mate, ā, ka whanake te momo 2 nā ngā take ira me ngā take noho ora.

Ka taea tonu e au te whakakori tinana me te mate huka?

Ae, ko te whakakori tinana tētahi o ngā mea pai rawa atu ka taea e koe mō te whakahaere mate huka. Ka āwhina te mahi tinana i tō tinana ki te whakamahi i te insulin nui ake, ā, ka taea te whakaheke i ngā taumata huka toto. Ka hiahia pea koe ki te tirotiro i tō huka toto nui ake me te whakarerekē i ō rongoā, rānei ngā kai iti, engari he haumaru te nuinga o ngā mahi.

He aha te mea ka puta mena ka iti rawa tō huka toto?

Ka taea e te huka toto iti (hypoglycemia) te whakaputa i ngā tohu pēnei i te wiri, te werawera, te whakapohehe, rānei te māuiui. Whakahaere tonu mā te 15 karamu o ngā kāreti tere-mahi pēnei i ngā papa huka, te wai, rānei te keke. Tirohia tō huka toto i muri i te 15 meneti, me te whakahoki mena e hiahiatia ana. Mau tonu he puna tere o te huka.