He aha te Whakaheke Mate Makū Maroke? Tohutohu, Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ko te whakaheke mate makū maroke te pakaru haere māmā o ngā pūtau whakaiti marama kei waenganui o tō whatu, e kiia nei ko te makū. Ka pā haere tenei āhuatanga ki tō tirohanga waenganui i te wā, ka uaua ake te kite i ngā kōrero iti penei i ngā mata, i ngā kuputuhi rānei. Ko te momo tino noa o te whakaheke mate makū e pā ana ki te pakeketanga, e pā ana ki te miriona o te iwi puta noa te ao, ā, ahakoa he āwangawanga pea te ako mōna, ka āwhina te mārama ki a koe ki te tango i ngā mahi whakakāha mō tō hauora kanohi.

He aha te whakaheke mate makū maroke?

Ka puta te whakaheke mate makū maroke ina hangaia ngā whakatoa kowhai iti e kiia nei ko te drusen i raro i tō whatu. Ko tō makū te kawenga mō te tirohanga waenganui mārama e tuku ana i a koe ki te pānui, ki te taraiwa, ki te mohio tika hoki ki ngā mata. Ka tīmata te whakaiti me te pakaru o ēnei pūtau, ka iti ake te tika o tō tirohanga waenganui.

Ka whanake haere tenei āhuatanga i te wā roa. Kāore i rite ki te whakaheke mate makū makuku, kāore te momo maroke e whakauru ana i te tipu o ngā oko toto rerekē, i ngā huringa tirohanga ohorere rānei. Whakaarohia he horo haere māmā atu i te raru nui.

Ko te nuinga o te iwi e pangia ana e te whakaheke mate makū he momo maroke, e 85-90% o ngā take katoa. Ahakoa ka pā pea ki tō kounga ora, ka mau tonu te maha o te iwi ki to ratou motuhake me te whakahaere tika me ngā rautaki whakarite.

He aha ngā tohu o te whakaheke mate makū maroke?

Ka whanake haere ngā tohu tuatahi o te whakaheke mate makū maroke kia māmā rawa atu ka kore pea e kitea e koe. He tino pai te kaha o tō roro ki te whakakāhā i ngā huringa iti i te tirohanga, ko te tikanga ka ngāwari te puta mai o ngā tohu i roto i ngā marama, i ngā tau rānei.

Ko ēnei ngā tohu matua hei titiro:

• Te tirohanga waenganui māre, ngāwari rānei e uaua ai te pānui
• Te hiahia ki te mārama mārama ake ina mahi tata
• Te uaua ki te mohio ki ngā mata mai i tawhiti
• Ngā raina tika e puta mai ana he kōkō, he whati rānei
• Ngā waahi pouri, kua ngaro rānei i roto i tō tirohanga waenganui
• Ngā tae e kore e mārama, e horoia atu rānei
• Te raruraru ki te whakarite ki ngā āhuatanga mārama ngoikore

Ka puta ēnei huringa nā te kore e tukatuka tika te mārama e tō makū penei i te wā o mua. Ko te rongo pai, ko te whakaheke mate makū maroke kaore e tino whakapōrearea te matapo, na te mea ka mau tonu te tirohanga taha.

He aha ngā momo whakaheke mate makū maroke?

Ka haere tonu te whakaheke mate makū maroke i roto i ngā wahanga toru motuhake, he rerekē ngā āhuatanga me ngā pānga ki tō tirohanga. Ka āwhina te mārama ki ēnei wahanga ki te mohio ki te aha e tatari ana koe, me te wā hei rapu atu i te tiaki.

Te wahanga tuatahi o te whakaheke mate makū maroke e whakauru ana i ngā whakatoa drusen iti i raro i tō whatu. Kaore pea e kitea e koe tetahi huringa tirohanga i tēnei wā, ā, ka kitea te āhuatanga i roto i ngā tirotiro kanohi noa. Ka taea e tēnei wahanga te roa mo ngā tau kaore e haere tonu.

Te wahanga waenga e kawe mai ana i ngā drusen nui, i ngā huringa tae rānei i roto i tō whatu. Ka tīmata pea koe ki te kite i ngā huringa tirohanga iti, penei i te hiahia ki te mārama atu mō te pānui, i te māre iti rānei i tō tirohanga waenganui. Ka whanake etahi i tetahi waahi matapo iti i roto i to ratou tirohanga waenganui.

Te wahanga matatau e whakauru ana i te pakaru nui o ngā pūtau whakaiti marama me te tautoko i te kiko i roto i tō makū. Ka puta mai tēnei wahanga i te ngaro o te tirohanga waenganui e pā ana ki ngā mahi o ia rā penei i te pānui, te taraiwa, te mohio rānei ki ngā mata. Heoi, ka mau tonu te tirohanga taha.

He aha ngā take o te whakaheke mate makū maroke?

Ka whanake te whakaheke mate makū maroke ina pakaru haere ngā pūtau ngawari i roto i tō makū i te wā. Ahakoa kāore e tino mārama te take o tēnei ki ētahi, kāore hoki ki ētahi atu, kua kitea e ngā kairangahau ngā take maha e āwhina ana ki tēnei tukanga.

Ko ngā take matua me ngā take āwhina e whakauru ana:

• Te tukanga pakeke tūturu e pā ana ki ngā pūtau whatu
• Ngā take ira e tukuna ana mai i ngā mema whānau
• Te ahotea whakaheke e whakarawe ana i ngā hanganga pūtau
• Te rere toto iti ki te makū i te wā
• Te kohikohi o ngā hua paru pūtau
• Te mumura i roto i ngā kiko whatu
• Ngā take taiao penei i te whakamahana UV

Ko te pakeketanga tonu te take morearea kaha, me te nuinga o ngā take e puta ana i muri i te 60. Heoi, ko te whai i ngā take morearea kaore e whakamana ka whanake koe i te āhuatanga. He maha ngā tāngata e whai ana i ngā take morearea maha kaore e wheako i te whakaheke mate makū, kaore hoki ētahi atu e whai ana i ngā take morearea iti.

Nōhea te kite i te taote mō te whakaheke mate makū maroke?

Me whakarite e koe he tirotiro kanohi mena ka kite koe i tetahi huringa i tō tirohanga waenganui, ahakoa he iti rawa. Ka hoatu e te kite wawe te whai waahi pai ki a koe ki te whakaiti i te haere tonu me te whakarite ki ngā huringa.

Whakapa atu ki tō taote kanohi inaianei mena ka wheako koe i ngā huringa tirohanga ohorere, penei i te piki tere o te māre, i ngā waahi matapo hou rānei. Ahakoa ka haere tonu te whakaheke mate makū maroke i te wā roa, i etahi wā ka taea te huri ki te momo makuku nui ake, e hiahia ana ki te aro nui.

Ka nui haere te hiranga o ngā tirotiro kanohi noa i muri i te 50 tau, ahakoa kaore koe e kite i ngā raruraru tirohanga. Ka taea e tō taote kanohi te kite i ngā huringa wawe i mua i te puta mai o ngā tohu, ā, ka āwhina koe ki te mārama ki ō take morearea takitahi.

He aha ngā take morearea mō te whakaheke mate makū maroke?

He maha ngā take ka taea te whakanui ake i tō tūponotanga ki te whanake i te whakaheke mate makū maroke, ahakoa ko te whai i ngā take morearea kaore e tikanga ka whiwhi koe i te āhuatanga. Ka āwhina te mārama ki ō morearea whaiaro ki te mahi i ngā whakatau whakamārama mō te aukati me te aroturuki.

Ko ngā take morearea tino nui e whakauru ana:

• Te pakeke neke atu i te 60, me te nui haere o te morearea i ia tekau tau
• Te hītori whānau o te whakaheke mate makū
• Te kai hikareti, te hītori rānei o te whakamahinga tapeka
• Te iwi Pākehā
• Te wahine
• Ngā kanohi tae marama
• Te mate ngakau
• Te toto teitei
• Te momona
• Te whakamahana rā roa kaore he tiaki kanohi

Ka taea e etahi momo ira onge te pā ki ngā tāngata kōhungahunga, ina koa rā te hunga e whai ana i ngā āhuatanga ira motuhake penei i te mate Stargardt. He iti rawa te noa o ēnei momo ira, engari ka taea te puta mai o ngā tohu rite i ngā tau o mua.

Ahakoa kaore e taea e koe te whakarereke i ngā take penei i te pakeke, i te ira rānei, ka taea e koe te whakahaere i ngā morearea ka taea te whakarereke penei i te kai hikareti, te kai, me te tiaki rā ki te whakaiti pea i tō morearea, i te whakaiti rānei i te haere tonu.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te whakaheke mate makū maroke?

Ko te raruraru matua o te whakaheke mate makū maroke ko te ngaro o te tirohanga waenganui e taea ai te pā nui ki ō mahi o ia rā. Ahakoa he wehi pea tenei, ka āwhina te mārama ki te aha e tatari ana koe ki te whakarite me te whakarite pai.

Ko ngā raruraru noa e whakauru ana:

• Te uaua ki te pānui i ngā tuhinga noa
• Ngā wero ki te taraiwa, ina koa i te pō
• Ngā raruraru ki te mohio ki ngā mata
• Te raruraru ki ngā mahi taipitopito penei i te tunu kai, i ngā mahi toi rānei
• Te nui haere o te tūponotanga o te hinga na te huringa tirohanga
• Te motu hapori mai i ngā whakataurite e pā ana ki te tirohanga

He raruraru iti ake, engari he nui ake te kino ka puta ina huri te whakaheke mate makū maroke ki te whakaheke mate makū makuku. Ka puta mai tenei i te 10-15% o ngā take, ā, e whakauru ana i te tipu o ngā oko toto rerekē e taea ai te ngaro tere o te tirohanga.

Ka taea hoki te whanake o te pouri me te manukanuka i te whakatika a te iwi ki ngā huringa tirohanga. Heoi, me te tautoko tika, ngā taputapu whakarite, me te tohutohu i etahi wā, ka taea e te nuinga o te iwi te pupuri i to ratou motuhake me te kounga ora.

Me pēhea te aukati i te whakaheke mate makū maroke?

Ahakoa kaore e taea e koe te aukati katoa i te whakaheke mate makū maroke, ina koa mena he take morearea ira koe, ka taea e koe te tango i ngā mahi maha ka taea te whakaiti i tō morearea, i te whakaiti rānei i tōna haere tonu. Ka pai hoki ēnei whiringa ora ki tō hauora katoa.

Ko ngā rautaki aukati e whakauru ana:

• Te kai i te kai e whai hua ana i ngā rau kakariki me ngā huawhenua tae kanapa
• Te mutu i te kai hikareti me te karo i te paowa tuarua
• Te kakahu i ngā karāhe whakakāhā UV i waho
• Te pupuri i te taumaha hauora
• Te mahi tinana kia tautoko ai i te rere toto
• Te whakahaere i te toto teitei me te kolesterol
• Te tango i ngā huaora AREDS mena ka tūtohutia e tō taote

Ko ngā huaora AREDS (Age-Related Eye Disease Study) e whakauru ana i ngā matū motuhake penei i te huaora C, te huaora E, te sinki, me te lutein e taea ai te whakaiti i te haere tonu i roto i te iwi e pangia ana e te mate waenga. Heoi, kāore ēnei taapiri e tika mō te katoa, na reira korero atu ki tō taote tuatahi.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te whakaheke mate makū maroke?

Ko te whakatau i te whakaheke mate makū maroke e whakauru ana i ngā whakamātautau kore mamae e hoatu ana ki tō taote kanohi he whakaahua tino pai o tō hauora whatu. Ka roa pea te tukanga mo te haora, ā, ka hoatu ngā korero nui mō te wahanga me te haere tonu o tō āhuatanga.

Ka tīmata tō taote kanohi me te tirotiro kanohi whānui, tae atu ki te whakamātautau tirohanga me te whakawhanui i te pupi. Ka tirotirohia e ratou tō whatu mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu motuhake hei rapu i ngā whakatoa drusen me ētahi atu huringa e tohu ana i te whakaheke mate makū.

Ko ētahi atu whakamātautau ka whakauru i te tomography whakakotahi whārangi (OCT), e hanga ana i ngā whakaahua tapawha taipitopito o tō whatu, me te angiography fluorescein hei tirotiro i te rere toto i roto i ō oko toto whatu. Ka āwhina te whakamātautau whatu Amsler ki te kite i ngā whakapōrearea tirohanga kaore pea koe i kite.

He mea nui te kite wawe na te mea ka tuku ana i te aroturuki pai ake me te whakauru wawe mena ka haere tonu te āhuatanga. He maha ngā tāngata e miharo ana ki te ako kei a rātou te whakaheke mate makū waenga na te mea kaore pea e kitea ngā tohu.

He aha te maimoatanga mō te whakaheke mate makū maroke?

I tēnei wā, kāore he rongoā mō te whakaheke mate makū maroke, engari he maha ngā maimoatanga ka taea te āwhina i te whakaiti i tōna haere tonu me te whakahaere i ngā tohu. Ko te huarahi e whakawhirinaki ana ki tō wahanga motuhake o te mate me ō āhuatanga takitahi.

Ko ngā whiringa maimoatanga e whakauru ana:

• Ngā huaora AREDS mō ngā wahanga waenga me ngā wahanga matatau
• Te whakaora tirohanga iti me te whakangungu
• Ngā taputapu whakanui me ngā taputapu whakarite
• Te whakapai ake i te mārama mō te pānui me ngā mahi
• Te rongoā tirohanga hei whakanui i te tirohanga e toe ana
• Te aroturuki noa mō te haere tonu o te mate

Mō te whakaheke mate makū maroke matatau, kei te akohia ngā maimoatanga hou penei i ngā whakaurunga atrophy geographic, ā, ka taea pea te wātea. Ko ēnei maimoatanga e whai ana ki te whakaiti i te haere tonu o te mate pūtau i te makū.

Ko te mea nui rawa o te maimoatanga ko te mahi tahi me ngā tohunga tirohanga iti e taea ai te āwhina i a koe ki te whakarite ki ngā huringa me te pupuri i te motuhake. He maha ngā tāngata e miharo ana ki te pai o te mahi a rātou me ngā taputapu me ngā tikanga tika.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i te whakaheke mate makū maroke i te kāinga?

Ko te whakahaere i te whakaheke mate makū maroke i te kāinga e whakauru ana i te mahi i ngā whakaritenga whai hua e āwhina ana i a koe ki te pupuri i ō mahi o ia rā me te ora.

Tīmata mā te whakapai ake i te mārama puta noa i tō kāinga, ina koa i ngā wāhi e pānui ana koe, e mahi ana rānei i ngā mahi taipitopito. Ka hoatu e ngā rama LED te mārama mārama, mārama kaore e hanga wera. Whakaarohia te mārama mahi mō ngā mahi motuhake penei i te pānui, i te tunu kai rānei.

Whakaritehia ō wāhi noho hei whakaiti i ngā morearea hinga me te ngāwari ake te whakatere. Tangohia ngā mohiti maka, kia pai te mārama o ngā kaupae, ā, whakamahia ngā tae rerekē hei āwhina i te wehewehe i waenga i ngā mata me ngā mea.

Ka taea e ngā taputapu whakanui te āwhina ki te pānui, mai i ngā whakanui ringa ngāwari ki ngā taputapu hiko e whakanui ana i ngā kuputuhi i runga i ngā mata. Ka taea hoki te tino āwhina o ngā pukapuka nui-pānui, ngā taputapu kōrero, me ngā taupānga waea atamai i hangaia mō te āwhina tirohanga.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō whakatau taote?

Ko te whakarite mō tō whakatau kanohi e āwhina ana ki te whakarite ka whiwhi koe i te tiaki whānui rawa atu, ā, ka whakautuhia ō patai katoa. Ka pai ake te hua o te whakatau mo kōrua, mo koutou ko tō taote.

Kawe mai i te rārangi katoa o ngā rongoā me ngā taapiri katoa e tangohia ana e koe, tae atu ki ngā taonga-a-te-kāinga. Ka taea e etahi rongoā te pā ki ō kanohi, i te mahi tahi rānei me ngā maimoatanga ka tūtohu pea e tō taote.

Tuhia ngā huringa tirohanga katoa kua kitea e koe, ahakoa he iti rawa. Whakauruhia te wā i kitea tuatahi ai e koe, te kino haere rānei, me te āhua o te pānga ki ō mahi o ia rā. Ka āwhina ēnei korero i tō taote ki te mārama ki te haere tonu o tō āhuatanga.

Whakaarohia te kawe mai i te mema whānau, i te hoa rānei hei āwhina i a koe ki te mahara ki ngā korero nui me te āwhina ki te kawe mena ka whakawhanuihia ō pupi. Whakaritea he rārangi o ngā patai mō tō āhuatanga, ngā whiringa maimoatanga, me te aha e tatari ana koe i mua.

He aha te mea nui mō te whakaheke mate makū maroke?

He āhuatanga whakahaere te whakaheke mate makū maroke, ahakoa he nui te kino, kaore e tino whakataurite ki tō oranga. Ka taea e te kite wawe me te whakahaere whakakāha te āwhina i te tiaki i tō tirohanga me te pupuri i tō motuhake mo ngā tau maha e haere mai ana.

Ko te mahi nui rawa ko te noho hono atu ki tō rōpū tiaki kanohi me te whai i te aroturuki noa. He maha ngā tāngata e pangia ana e te whakaheke mate makū e mau tonu ana ki te ora whai hua, mahi mā te whakarite i ō rātou huarahi ki ngā mahi o ia rā me te whakamahi i ngā rauemi e wātea ana.

Kia mahara kei te wātea te tautoko mā ngā tohunga tirohanga iti, ngā rōpū tautoko, me ngā hangarau whakarite. Kāore koe i te kotahi i roto i tēnei haerenga, ā, me ngā taputapu me te whakaaro tika, ka taea e koe te whakatere i ngā wero ka puta mai pea.

Ngā patai e ui pinepinetia ana mō te whakaheke mate makū maroke

Ka meinga e te whakaheke mate makū maroke te matapo katoa ahau?

Kaore te whakaheke mate makū maroke e tino whakapōrearea te matapo. Ahakoa ka taea te pā nui ki tō tirohanga waenganui, ka mau tonu te tirohanga taha, ka taea ai te pupuri i te nekehanga me te motuhake. He maha ngā tāngata e whakarite pai ana ki ēnei huringa me te tautoko me ngā taputapu tika.

E hohoro ana te haere tonu o te whakaheke mate makū maroke?

Ka haere tonu te whakaheke mate makū maroke i te wā roa mo ngā tau maha. Ka taea te mau tonu o ngā wahanga tuatahi mo ngā tekau tau, ka taea te haere tonu o ngā wahanga waenga ki ngā momo matatau i roto i ngā tau maha. Ka āwhina te aroturuki noa ki te aroturuki i ngā huringa i te tere haere tonu.

Ka taea e te whakaheke mate makū maroke te pā ki ngā kanohi e rua?

Ae, ka taea e te whakaheke mate makū maroke te pā ki ngā kanohi e rua, ahakoa ka whanake haere i tetahi kanohi tuatahi. Mena kei te whai koe i tetahi kanohi, kei a koe te nui haere o te tūponotanga ki te whanake i roto i tetahi atu kanohi i te wā. Heoi, ka taea te rerekē nui te haere tonu me te kino i waenga i ngā kanohi.

He maimoatanga hou kei te whanakehia?

Kei te akohia e ngā kairangahau ngā maimoatanga hou mō te whakaheke mate makū maroke, tae atu ki te rongoā pūtau pakihiwi, te rongoā ira, me ngā rongoā hei whakaiti i te atrophy geographic. Kua riro mai i etahi maimoatanga mo te AMD maroke matatau te whakaae a te FDA, e tuku ana i te tumanako hou mō ngā turoro.

Me mutu e ahau te taraiwa mena kei ahau te whakaheke mate makū maroke?

Kāore pea. He maha ngā tāngata e whai ana i te whakaheke mate makū maroke waenga ki te waenga e taea te taraiwa haumaru tonu, ina koa i te awatea. Heoi, me whai koe i ngā aromatawai tirohanga noa, me pono hoki ki ngā raruraru e wheakohia ana e koe. Ka taea e tō taote kanohi te āwhina ki te whakatau i te wā e tika ana te whakarereke i te taraiwa, i te mutu rānei mō te haumaru.