He aha te Dysphagia? Tohutohu, Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ko te Dysphagia te kupu rongoā mō te uaua ki te horomi kai, wai, ā, ahakoa tō ake wāhi. He maha te hunga e pā ana ki tēnei āhuatanga, ā, ka rere ke te āhua mai i te kore ngāwari iti i te kai i ētahi kai ki te kore e taea te horomi haumaru.

Ahakoa pea ka pa te raruraru horomi ki te tangata, ko ngā raruraru horomi roa e tika ana kia arohia. He maha atu i te 50 ngā uaua me ngā io e mahi tahi ana i roto i tō mahi horomi, no reira, ki te whakaroahia tēnei mahi tahi, ka pā nui ki tō oranga o ia rā me tō kai.

He aha ngā tohu o te dysphagia?

Ko te tohu tino kitea ko te āhua o te kai, wai rānei e mau ana ki tō korokoro, ki tō uma rānei ina ngana koe ki te horomi. Heoi, ka rere ke ngā tohu o te dysphagia, ā, ka ngāwari te kite i ētahi wā.

Ko ēnei ngā tohu noa ka pā ki a koe:

• Te kai, wai rānei e mau ana ki tō korokoro, ki tō uma rānei, ki muri i tō wheua uma rānei
• Te mamae i te horomi (e kiia nei ko te odynophagia)
• Te ngenge, te kōhinga rānei i te wā e kai ana, e inu ana rānei, i muri rānei
• Te whakahoki mai o te kai (regurgitation)
• Te ngauwai, te uaua rānei ki te whakahaere i te wāhi
• Te reo ngū, te reo kōrero rānei i muri i te kai
• Te ngauwai, te whakaheke rānei o te waikawa
• Te ngaro o te taumaha mai i te karo i te kai
• Te roa atu i te wā noa ki te ngau, ki te horomi rānei
• Te hiahia ki te horomi i ngā wā maha mō tētahi wahi

Ka kitea hoki e ētahi te iti o ngā tohu penei i te karo i ngā hui kai pāpori, te tapahi i te kai ki ngā wahi iti rawa, te manukanuka rānei mō te kai. Ka tupu haeretia ēnei huringa whāinga i te wā e ngana ana tō tinana ki te whakarite ki ngā uaua horomi.

I roto i ngā take kino atu, ka kite pea koe i te mate huhu rānei, i ngā mate ngakau rānei, ka taea te tupu ina tomo heke te kai, wai rānei ki o ngā pūkahukahu, kaua ki tō kopu.

He aha ngā momo dysphagia?

Ka whakarōpūtia e ngā tākuta te dysphagia ki ngā momo e rua, i runga i te wāhi o te raruraru i roto i tō mahi horomi. Ko te mārama ki ēnei momo ka āwhina ki te whakatau i te take me te huarahi maimoatanga pai.

Te dysphagia oropharyngeal e pā ana ki te waha me te korokoro. Ka uaua ai tēnei momo ki te neke i te kai i tō waha ki tō korokoro, ki raro ki tō esophagus. Ka āhua pea koe kare e taea te tīmata i te horomi, te mau rānei o te kai i muri i tō korokoro.

Te dysphagia esophageal ka puta ina mau te kai ki tō esophagus, te pūkaha e kawe ana i te kai i tō korokoro ki tō kopu. Ki tēnei momo, ka taea pea e koe te tīmata i te horomi noa, engari ka mau te kai ki tō uma.

He rerekē ngā take me ngā tohu o ia momo, koia te take ka ui atu tō tākuta ki ngā pātai taipitopito mō te wāhi me te wā e kitea ana e koe te uaua ki te horomi.

He aha ngā take o te dysphagia?

Ka puta mai te dysphagia i ngā āhuatanga maha e pā ana ki ngā wāhanga rerekē o tō pūnaha horomi. Ko ngā take e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo dysphagia kei a koe.

Ko ngā take noa o te dysphagia oropharyngeal ko ēnei:

• Te pēhanga, ētahi atu āhuatanga neurological penei i te mate Parkinson
• Ngā mate pūngao o te matenga me te kaki, ā, ō rātou maimoatanga
• Ngā āhuatanga ngoikore uaua penei i te myasthenia gravis
• Te mate dementia, te heke rānei o te hinengaro
• Ngā mate korokoro, te mumura rānei
• Ngā raruraru niho, ngā niho hāne hāngai rānei
• Ngā rongoā e pā ana ki te maroke o te waha, te ngoikore rānei o ngā uaua

Ko te dysphagia esophageal e puta mai ana i:

• Te mate gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) e pā ana ki te tohu
• Ngā uaua e wiri ana i roto i te esophagus
• Te whakaiti o te esophagus mai i te mumura, te tohu rānei
• Ngā pūngao i roto i te esophagus, te pēhanga rānei ki runga
• Te hiatal hernia
• Ngā mate hononga kōpū penei i te scleroderma
• Te eosinophilic esophagitis (te mumura mate pāwera)

I ētahi wā, ka puta te dysphagia hei pānga o ngā rongoā, ina koa ētahi e pā ana ki te mahi uaua, te maroke rānei o te waha. Ka taea hoki e ngā huringa e pā ana ki te pakeke te awhina, i te mea ka ngoikore pea ngā uaua e pā ana ki te horomi i te wā.

I roto i ngā take onge, ka puta pea te dysphagia mai i ngā āhuatanga penei i te achalasia, kei reira te sphincter esophageal iti e kore e whakamahana tika, te mate autoimmune rānei e pā ana ki ngā uaua horomi.

Nōhea te haere ki te tākuta mō te dysphagia?

Me whakapiri atu koe ki tō kaiwhakarongo hauora ki te roa atu i ngā rā torutoru ngā uaua horomi, te āwangawanga rānei ki tō kai me tō inu. Kaua e tatari ki te kino haere te raruraru, te pā rānei ki tō kai.

Rapua te awhina hauora tonu ki te pā atu koe ki:

• Te kore e taea te horomi wai, kai rānei
• Ngā wā ngenge nui
• Ngā tohu o te maroke, te ngaro nui rānei o te taumaha
• Te kirika me ngā raruraru horomi
• Te mamae uma e kino ake ana i te horomi
• Te ruaki toto, te mea rānei e rite ana ki te oneone kōpi

Ahakoa ngā tohu ngāwari ake e tika ana kia arohia ki te roa. Ka taea e te aromatawai wawe te awhina i te kimi i ngā take e taea te whakaora, te aukati rānei i ngā raruraru penei i te kore kai, te mate huhu aspiration rānei.

Ka taea e tō tākuta te whakatau mēnā kei te hiahia ngā tohu ki te whakauru tonu, te whakahaere rānei me ngā huringa oranga me te maimoatanga.

He aha ngā take morearea mō te dysphagia?

He maha ngā take ka piki ake tō tūponotanga ki te whanake i ngā uaua horomi. Ko te mārama ki ēnei take morearea ka āwhina i a koe ki te noho mataara ki ngā raruraru pea, ki te rapu awhina hoki ina hiahiatia.

Ko te pakeke tētahi o ngā take morearea nui rawa atu, i te mea ka ngoikore haere ngā uaua me ngā io e pā ana ki te horomi i te wā.

Ko ngā āhuatanga hauora e piki ake ai te morearea o te dysphagia ko ēnei:

• Ngā mate neurological (te pēhanga, te mate Parkinson, te mate multiple sclerosis)
• Ngā mate pūngao o te matenga me te kaki
• Te mate gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
• Ngā mate hononga kōpū
• Te mate dementia, te ngoikore rānei o te hinengaro
• Te rongoā radiation o mua ki te matenga, ki te kaki rānei
• Te mate whatukuhu roa
• Ngā mate autoimmune

Ka taea hoki e ētahi rongoā te piki ake i tō morearea, ina koa ētahi e pā ana ki te maroke o te waha, te whakamahana uaua, te moe rānei.

Ko ngā take oranga penei i te kai hikareti me te inu waipiro nui ka āwangawanga tō korokoro me tō esophagus, ka āhei pea te arahi ki ngā raruraru horomi i te wā.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te dysphagia?

Ki te kore e whakaorahia, ka arahi pea te dysphagia ki ngā raruraru hauora nui e pā ana ki tō oranga katoa. Ko te rongo pai ko te nuinga o ngā raruraru ka taea te aukati me te whakahaere tika me te maimoatanga.

Ko ngā raruraru noa ko ēnei:

• Te kore kai, te maroke rānei mai i te karo i te kai me te inu
• Te ngaro o te taumaha
• Te mate huhu aspiration (ina tomo te kai, wai rānei ki ngā pūkahukahu)
• Ngā mate manawa
• Te motu whānau mai i te karo i ngā kai me ētahi atu
• Te manukanuka, te pouri rānei e pā ana ki ngā uaua kai
• Ngā wā ngenge

Ko te mate huhu aspiration e tika ana kia arohia, i te mea ka mate pea, ina koa ki ngā pakeke, ki te hunga rānei he pūnaha ārai ngoikore.

Ko ngā raruraru kino ake, engari onge, ko te maroke nui e hiahia ana ki te noho whare hauora, te aukati rānei katoa o te esophagus e hiahia ana ki te whakauru tere.

Kaua hoki e wareware ki te pānga hinengaro. He maha ngā tangata e pā ana ki te dysphagia e whanake ana te manukanuka ki te kai, ka taea te whakaiti i te raruraru, te pā rānei ki tō kounga o te oranga.

Me pēhea te aukati i te dysphagia?

Ahakoa kaore e taea e koe te aukati i ngā take katoa o te dysphagia, ina koa ētahi e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga neurological, mate pūngao rānei, he maha ngā mahi ka taea e koe ki te whakaiti i tō morearea, ki te tiaki hoki i tō mahi horomi.

Ko te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga hauora kei raro he mea nui. Kia pai te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga penei i te GERD, te mate huka, te pēhanga toto teitei me te awhina a tō tākuta. Ka taea e ēnei āhuatanga te awhina i ngā raruraru horomi ki te kore e whakaorahia.

Ko ngā mahi oranga ka āwhina pea ko ēnei:

• Te karo i te kai hikareti me te inu waipiro nui
• Te noho makuku
• Te pupuri i te hauora waha pai me te tiaki niho noa
• Te kai ngāwari me te ngau pai
• Te karo i te kōrero i te wā e kai ana
• Te noho tika i te wā e kai ana, i muri rānei
• Te whakahaere i te ahotea, ka taea te pā ki te mahi tahi o ngā uaua

Ki te nui ake tō morearea nā te pakeke, ngā āhuatanga hauora rānei, ka taea e ngā tirotiro noa me tō kaiwhakarongo hauora te awhina i te hopu i ngā raruraru wawe. Ka tūtohu pea rātou i ngā mahi horomi, te tuku atu rānei ki tētahi kairongo reo mō ngā rautaki aukati.

Mō ngā tangata e ora ana i te pēhanga, ētahi atu mahi neurological rānei, ko te mahi tahi me ngā tohunga whakaora wawe ka āwhina i te pupuri, te whakapai rānei i te mahi horomi.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te dysphagia?

Ka tīmata tō tākuta me te kōrero taipitopito mō ō tohu, tō hītori hauora, me ngā rongoā. Ka hiahia rātou ki te mohio ki te wāhi me te wā e kitea ana e koe te uaua ki te horomi, he aha ngā kai, wai rānei e pā ana ki ngā raruraru, me te kino haere rānei o ngā tohu.

Ko te tirotiro tinana e whakauru ana ki te tirotiro i tō waha, tō korokoro, me tō kaki, me te whakarongo ki tō kounga reo, me te matakitaki i a koe e horomi ana i ngā wai iti.

I runga i ō tohu, ka tono pea tō tākuta i ētahi whakamātautau:

• Te whakamātautau horomi barium (te whakamātautau horomi barium whakarereketia, te whakamātautau horomi videofluoroscopic rānei)
• Te endoscopy o runga ki te titiro ki roto i tō esophagus me tō kopu
• Te manometry esophageal ki te ine i te pēhanga uaua me te mahi tahi
• Te CT scan, te MRI rānei ki te whakapaetia ngā raruraru hanganga
• Te aroturuki pH ki te tirotiro mō te whakaheke waikawa

Ko te horomi barium te whakamātautau tuatahi e mahia ana. Ka inu koe i te wai papura e whakauru ana i te barium i te wā e tangohia ana ngā X-rays ki te kite me pēhea te neke o te wai i roto i tō pūnaha horomi. Ka taea e tēnei whakamātautau te whakaatu tika i te wāhi o te raruraru.

I ētahi wā, ka tukuna pea koe ki ngā tohunga penei i te gastroenterologist, neurologist, te kairongo reo rānei mō te aromatawai taipitopito me te mahere maimoatanga.

He aha te maimoatanga mō te dysphagia?

Ko te maimoatanga mō te dysphagia e whakawhirinaki ana ki te take me te momo raruraru horomi kei a koe. Ko te whāinga ko te awhina i a koe ki te horomi haumaru i te wā e pupuri ana i te kai tika me te aukati i ngā raruraru.

Mō te dysphagia oropharyngeal, ko te maimoatanga e whakauru ana ki:

• Te rongoā horomi me te kairongo reo
• Te ako i ngā tikanga horomi motuhake me ngā mahi
• Te whakarereke i ngā āhua kai me ngā āhua wai
• Te whakarereke i ngā tūnga kai, ngā tikanga rānei
• Te whakaora i ngā āhuatanga kei raro penei i te GERD, ngā mate rānei

Ko ngā maimoatanga dysphagia esophageal ka whakauru ki:

• Ngā rongoā ki te whakaiti i te whakaheke waikawa, te whakamahana rānei i ngā uaua esophageal
• Ngā mahi whānui ki te whānui i ngā wāhi kua whakaitihia
• Te pokanga ki te tango i ngā aukati, te whakatika rānei i ngā raruraru hanganga
• Ngā whakaurunga Botox mō ngā āhuatanga wiri uaua
• Te whakaora i ngā āhuatanga kei raro penei i te eosinophilic esophagitis

He maha ngā tangata e whai hua ana i te mahi tahi me te kai kai ki te whakarite kei te whiwhi rātou i te kai tika i te wā e whakahaere ana i ō rātou uaua horomi. Ka taea e rātou te awhina i a koe ki te whiriwhiri i ngā āhua kai me ngā whakarereketanga āhua e tika ana.

I roto i ngā take kino, kei reira te kai waha kaore i te haumaru, ka hiahiatia pea ngā pūkaha kai wā poto, roa rānei ki te whakarite i te kai tika me te aukati i te aspiration.

Me pēhea te whakahaere i te dysphagia i te kāinga?

Ahakoa he mea nui te maimoatanga ngaio, he maha ngā rautaki ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te kāinga ki te whakapai ake i te horomi haumaru, te ngāwari hoki. Ka pai te mahi o ēnei tikanga ina whakauruhia ki te aratohu mai i tō rōpū hauora.

Ko ngā rautaki kai e āwhina ana ko ēnei:

• Te noho tika i te wā e kai ana, te noho tika hoki mō te 30 meneti i muri mai
• Te tango i ngā wahi iti me ngā inu iti
• Te ngau pai i mua i te horomi
• Te horomi rua mō ia wahi mena e hiahiatia ana
• Te karo i te kōrero i te wā e kai ana
• Te whakakore i ngā āwangawanga i te wā e kai ana
• Te kai i te wā e mataara ana koe, kāore e ngenge

Ko ngā whakarereketanga kai me te wai ka whakauru ki te whakakī i ngā wai, te whiriwhiri i ngā kai ngawari, te karo rānei i ngā kai e pā ana ki ngā raruraru penei i ngā nati, ngā purapura, ngā mīti pakeke rānei. Ka taea e tō kairongo reo te tuku i ngā tūtohu motuhake i runga i ngā hua o tō whakamātautau horomi.

Ko te hanga i te taiao kai mārama, ngāwari hoki ka taea te awhina. Ka taea e te ahotea me te manukanuka te whakaiti i ngā uaua horomi, no reira ko te tango i te wā ki te whakamaori i mua i ngā kai ka taea te whakapai ake i ō tohu.

Pupurihia ngā korero whakapā āwhina i te wātea, kia mohio hoki ngā mema whānau ki te mahi ki te pā atu koe ki te wā ngenge.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō whakatau tākuta?

Ko te haere ki tō whakatau i te wātea ka āwhina i tō tākuta ki te mārama pai ake ki ō tohu, ki te whakawhanake hoki i te mahere maimoatanga whai hua. Tīmatahia mā te pupuri i te rātohu tohu mō ngā rā torutoru i mua i tō haerenga.

Tuhia te wā e puta ai ngā raruraru horomi, te mea e kai ana koe, te inu rānei, me te wāhi tika e kitea ana e koe te uaua. Tātai mēnā kei te pai ake ngā tohu, te kino rānei i ētahi kai, tūnga rānei.

Kawe mai i ngā korero e whai ake nei ki tō whakatau:

• Rārangi katoa o ngā rongoā me ngā taapiri o nāianei
• Hītori hauora, tae atu ki ngā mate, mahi rānei hou
• Hītori whānau o ngā raruraru horomi, ngā āhuatanga e pā ana rānei
• Ngā pātai mō ō tohu me ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga
• Rārangi o ngā kai, wai rānei e pā ana ki te uaua rawa

Kia rite ki te whakaatu i ō tohu i te taipitopito. Ka hiahia tō tākuta ki te mohio mēnā kei te raruraru te tīmatanga ki te horomi, te mau rānei o te kai i raro. Ka ui atu rātou mō ngā tohu e pā ana penei i te ngauwai, te ngaro o te taumaha, te huringa reo rānei.

Ki te whakamātautau, maimoatanga rānei koe i mua mō ngā raruraru horomi, kawe mai i aua rēkōta. Ka taea e ēnei korero te awhina i te karo i te whakahoki i ngā whakamātautau e kore e hiahiatia.

He aha te mea nui mō te dysphagia?

He āhuatanga e taea te whakaora te dysphagia e pā ana ki te mano o te tangata, ā, kaua e noho ki ngā uaua horomi. Ahakoa ka āhua wehi, whakapouri rānei, ko te mārama ki ō tohu me te mahi tahi me ngā tohunga hauora ka taea te whakapai ake i tō kounga o te oranga.

Ko te mea nui rawa atu kia mahara ko ngā raruraru horomi roa e tika ana kia arohia. Ka taea e te whakatau me te maimoatanga wawe te aukati i ngā raruraru kino, te awhina hoki i a koe ki te pupuri i te kai tika me ngā hononga pāpori e pā ana ki te kai.

Ko te nuinga o te hunga e pā ana ki te dysphagia ka taea te ako i ngā rautaki ki te horomi haumaru, ngāwari hoki. Ahakoa mā te rongoā horomi, ngā whakarereketanga kai, te maimoatanga hauora, te whakauru rānei o ngā huarahi, he maha ngā huarahi whai hua ki te whakahaere i tēnei āhuatanga.

Noho hono atu ki tō rōpū hauora, whai i ō rātou tūtohu, ā, kaua e whakaroa ki te ui pātai mō tō mahere maimoatanga. Me te whakahaere tika, ka taea e koe te haere tonu ki te pai ki ngā kai haumaru i te wā e tiaki ana i tō hauora katoa.

Ngā pātai e ui pinepinetia ana mō te dysphagia

Ka ngaro noa iho rānei te dysphagia?

Ka taea e ētahi take o te dysphagia te pai ake noa iho, ina koa ki te puta mai i ngā āhuatanga wā poto penei i ngā mate korokoro, ngā pānga rongoā rānei. Heoi, ko ngā uaua horomi roa e hiahia ana ki te maimoatanga ki te aukati i ngā raruraru, ki te whakapai ake i ngā tohu. He mea nui kia kite i tētahi kaiwhakarongo hauora kaua ki te tatari ki te whakatau mēnā ka whakatau te raruraru.

He kino tonu rānei te dysphagia?

Ahakoa ka rere ke te dysphagia mai i te ngāwari ki te kino, ko ngā raruraru horomi roa katoa e tika ana kia tangohia te nui, nā te tūponotanga o ngā raruraru penei i te kore kai, te mate huhu aspiration rānei. Ahakoa te dysphagia ngāwari ka pā nui ki tō kounga o te oranga, ā, ka kino haere pea i te wā ki te kore e whakahaeretia ngā take kei raro.

He aha ngā kai me karo i te dysphagia?

Ko ngā kai raruraru noa ko ngā nati, ngā purapura, te popcorn, ngā mīti pakeke, ngā kai piri penei i te pata pīnati, ngā kai rerekē-āhua rānei penei i te huka me te miraka. Heoi, ko ngā tūtohu kai motuhake e whakawhirinaki ana ki tō tauira horomi takitahi, me whakatau mā te aromatawai me te kairongo reo, tō kaiwhakarongo hauora rānei.

Ka taea e te ahotea te whakaiti i te dysphagia?

Āe, ka taea e te ahotea me te manukanuka te whakaiti i ngā uaua horomi mā te pā ki te mahi tahi o ngā uaua, te whakapakari atu rānei i a koe i te wā e kai ana. He maha ngā tangata e kite ana ko te hanga i te taiao kai mārama me te mahi i ngā tikanga whakamaori ka taea te awhina i te whakapai ake i ō rātou tohu horomi. Ko te whakahaere i te manukanuka kei raro e pā ana ki te kai he wāhanga nui o te maimoatanga.

E hia te roa o te wā ki te kite i te whakapainga me te maimoatanga dysphagia?

Ko te raupapa mō te whakapainga e rere ke ana te roa i runga i te take me te momo maimoatanga. Ka kite ētahi i te whakapainga i roto i ngā wiki i te tīmatanga o te rongoā horomi, te rongoā rānei, ētahi atu ka hiahia pea ki ngā marama maha o te maimoatanga mau tonu. Ka taea e tō rōpū hauora te tuku i tētahi whakaaro pai ake mō te mea e tatari ana koe i runga i tō āhuatanga motuhake.