He aha te Emphysema? Ngā Tōmhanga, Ngā Take, me te Maimoatanga

Ko te emphysema tētahi mate ngā manawa e kaha ake ai te uaua o te manawa i te wā. Ka puta mai i te pakaru o ngā pūngāwerewere iti i roto i ō ringaringa, e kiia nei ko ngā alveoli, ka ngaro te kaha ki te totoro me te hoki mai ki te ahua noa.

Whakaarohia ngā manawa hauora rite ki ngā poroporo iti e pupū ana, ka whakaheke i te hau i ia manawa. Ki te emphysema, ka totoro rawa enei "poroporo" ka kore e taea te hoki mai ki tō rātou ahua taketake. Ka mau tenei i te hau tawhito i roto i ō ringaringa, ka uaua ake te tomo o te hau hou.

Ko te emphysema tētahi wāhanga o te rōpū mate ngā manawa e kiia nei ko te mate ngā manawa ā-rohe roa, te COPD rānei. Ahakoa ka tupu haere i roto i ngā tau maha, ko te mōhiotanga ki tēnei āhuatanga ka āwhina i a koe ki te tango i ngā mahi hei tiaki i te hauora o ō ringaringa me te manawa mārama ake.

He aha ngā tōmhanga o te emphysema?

Ko te tohu tuatahi tino noa o te emphysema ko te ngenge o te manawa i ngā mahi i ngāwari ai koe ki te mahi i mua. Ka kite pea koe i tēnei tuatahi i te piki i ngā kaupae, te hikoi i te pukepuke, te mahi rānei i ngā mahi kāinga i kore rawa i ngāwari ki a koe i mua.

I te whakawhānui o te emphysema, ka kite pea koe i ētahi atu tōmhanga ka pā nui ki tō oranga o ia rā:

• Te mare o te kōeke e puta mai ai te wai mā, te wai māwhero rānei
• Ngā oro whewhe, ngā oro wiri rānei i te manawa
• Te pēhanga o te uma e rite ana ki te whitiki i ō riu
• Te ngenge, te ngoikore rānei, ina koa i muri i te mahi tinana
• Ngā mate manawa maha penei i ngā mate huka, te bronchitis rānei
• Te ngaro o te taumaha ka nui ake te kaha e hiahiatia ana mō te manawa
• Te pupū i ō turi, waewae, waewae rānei

I roto i ngā take whānui ake, ka whanake etahi tangata i te tae kikorangi ki o ratou ngutu, ki o ratou maihao rānei, e tohu ana i te iti o te taumata hau i roto i te toto. He tohu nui tēnei e hiahia ana ki te tiaki hauora tonu.

Kia mahara ko ngā tōmhanga o te emphysema ka tupu haere, i te nuinga i roto i ngā tau 10 ki te 20. He maha ngā tangata e whakakahore ana i ngā tōmhanga o mua hei tohu noa o te koroheketanga, te kore rānei e pai te ahua.

He aha ngā take o te emphysema?

Ko te kai hikareti te take mo te 85 ki te 90 ōrau o ngā take emphysema katoa. Ko ngā matū kino i roto i te paowa tapeka ka pakaru haere i ngā pakitara o ngā pūngāwerewere iti o ō ringaringa i roto i ngā tau maha o te whakamahinga.

Heoi, ehara te kai hikareti i te mea whakamutunga. He maha atu ngā take ka pakaru i ō ringaringa ka arahina ki te emphysema:

• Te whakamahinga roa ki te paru hau mai i te waka, ngā tukunga mahi, ngā oumu rakau rānei
• Te whakamahinga mahi ki ngā hau matū, te puehu, te kohu rānei kahore he tiaki tika
• Te whakamahinga paowa tuarua, ina koa i te tamarikitanga, i ngā tau maha rānei
• Ngā mate manawa maha e puta mai ana te mumura tonu i roto i ō ringaringa
• Te kore o te alpha-1 antitrypsin, tētahi āhuatanga ira tino onge e pā ana ki te 1 i roto i ngā tangata 2,500

Ko te kore o te alpha-1 antitrypsin e tika ana kia whakahuahia na te mea ka taea te whakaoho i te emphysema ahakoa i ngā tangata kahore i kai hikareti. Ko tēnei āhuatanga i whakawhiwhia mai e tohu ana kaore to tinana e whakaputa i te nui o te pūmua e tiaki ana i ō ringaringa mai i te pakaru.

I etahi wā, ka mahi tahi ngā take maha hei pakaru i ō ringaringa. Hei tauira, ko tetahi tangata he āhuatanga ira tōna pea ka tere ake te whanake o te emphysema ki te kai hikareti rānei, ki te mahi rānei i ngā matū kino.

Nōhea te haere ki te taote mō te emphysema?

Me whakarite e koe he hui ki tō taote ki te pāngia koe e te ngenge o te manawa e whakaroa ana i ō mahi o ia rā, te kino ake rānei i te wā. Ahakoa he ngawari ngā tōmhanga, ko te kite wawe ka āwhina i te whakaheke i te whanake o te pakaru o te manawa.

Kaua e tatari ki te rapu i te tiaki hauora ki te kite koe i ēnei tohu whakatūpato nui ake:

• Te kino ohorere o ngā raruraru manawa
• Te mamae o te uma e kore e ngaro
• Te kōeke i te toto, te wai māwhero rānei
• Te tae kikorangi i ō ngutu, i ō maihao rānei
• Te ngenge nui e aukati ana i ngā mahi noa
• Ngā mate, ngā mate rānei

Ki te kai hikareti koe, ki te kai hikareti o mua rānei i runga ake i te 40 tau, whakaarohia te ui ki tō taote mō ngā whakamātautau mahi manawa ahakoa kahore he tōmhanga marama. Ko te whakamātautau wawe ka hopu i te emphysema i mua i te pānga nui ki tō kounga ora.

Kia mahara ko te rapu awhina wawe ka hoatu ki a koe te tupono pai ki te pupuri i te mahi o ō ringaringa me te noho mahi mo ngā tau maha e haere mai ana.

He aha ngā take morearea mō te emphysema?

He maha ngā take ka piki ake ō tupono ki te whanake i te emphysema, ko ētahi kei roto i tō mana, ko ētahi ko te wāhanga o tō hanganga taiao, o ngā āhuatanga ora rānei.

Ko ngā take morearea whakahaere nui rawa atu:

• Te kai hikareti, te kai siga, te paipa rānei
• Te whakamahinga paowa tuarua
• Te mahi me ngā matū, te puehu, te kohu rānei kahore he tiaki
• Te noho i ngā wāhi he nui te paru hau
• Te maha o ngā mate manawa kaore i te rongoā tika

Ko ētahi take morearea kei tua atu i tō mana, engari he mea nui tonu te mōhiotanga:

• Te pakeke atu i te 40 tau, i te mea ka kohia te pakaru o te manawa i te wā
• Te kore o te alpha-1 antitrypsin
• Ko te tane, ahakoa kei te whakaheke te wehenga i te mea kei te huri ngā reiti kai hikareti
• Te whānau o te emphysema, te COPD rānei
• Te whānau wawe, ka pā pea ki te whanaketanga o te manawa

Ko tetahi take morearea, te maha atu rānei, kaore e whakamana ka whanake koe i te emphysema, engari ka piki ake ō tupono. Ko te rongo pai ko te mahi i ngā whiringa hauora ka taea te whakaiti nui i tō morearea, ahakoa he take kei a koe kaore e taea te huri.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te emphysema?

I te whakawhānui o te emphysema, ka taea te arahi ki ngā raruraru hauora nui e pā ana ki ō ringaringa, ki tō tinana katoa. Ko te mōhiotanga ki ēnei raruraru pea ka āwhina i a koe ki te mahi tahi me tō rōpū hauora hei aukati, hei whakahaere rānei i a rātou.

Ko ngā raruraru manawa te take nui:

• Te pneumothorax, te ringaringa pakaru rānei, e puta ana i te pakaru o ngā pūngāwerewere pakaru
• Ngā mate manawa maha penei i te mate huka, te bronchitis rānei
• Te kore o te manawa, kaore ō ringaringa e taea te hoatu i te hau nui
• Ngā bullae nui, he wāhi hau nui kua pakaru e taea te pehi i te kiko hauora o te manawa

Ka taea hoki e te emphysema te whakapau i tō ngakau me tō pūnaha toto i te wā:

• Te toto teitei o te manawa, te toto teitei i roto i ō uaua manawa rānei
• Te cor pulmonale, tētahi momo ngakau e puta mai ana i te mate manawa
• Ngā raruraru o te ihu o te ngakau na te iti o te taumata hau

Ko ngā raruraru onge engari nui ka uru atu te ngaro o te taumaha me te ngoikore o te uaua i te mea kei te mahi kaha tō tinana ki te manawa. Ka whanake etahi tangata i te pouri, te manukanuka rānei e pā ana ki ngā raruraru manawa me ngā herenga oranga.

Ahakoa he wehi enei raruraru, ko te maimoatanga tika me ngā huringa oranga ka āwhina i te aukati i te nuinga o rātou, te whakaiti rānei i tō rātou kaha. Ka tirotiro tata atu tō rōpū hauora ki a koe, ka whakarite i tō mahere maimoatanga kia rite ki te hiahia.

Me pēhea te aukati i te emphysema?

Ko te mahi kaha rawa atu e taea e koe te tango hei aukati i te emphysema ko te kore e tīmata ki te kai hikareti, ki te kai hikareti koe i tēnei wā, ki te mutu tonu i te wa e taea ai. Ahakoa ngā tangata kua kai hikareti mo ngā tekau tau ka taea te whai hua mai i te mutu, i te mea ka whakaheke tonu i te pakaru o te manawa.

I tua atu i te mutu i te kai hikareti, he maha atu ngā rautaki ka āwhina i te tiaki i ō ringaringa:

• Aukati i te paowa tuarua mā te noho atu i ngā taiao paowa
• Whakamahia ngā taputapu tiaki tika ki te mahi koe i te puehu, ngā matū, te kohu rānei
• Kia whakakakahu ki te mate huka me te mate huka hei aukati i ngā mate manawa
• Te mahi tinana kia mau tonu ō ringaringa me tō ngakau
• Pupuri i te kounga hau pai i roto i te whare me te hau pai me ngā kaitahuri hau
• Whakaitihia ngā mahi i waho i te teitei o te paru hau

Ki te kore koe i te alpha-1 antitrypsin, ka āwhina te tohutohu ira ki te mōhiotanga ki ō morearea me te mahi i ngā whakatau whakamārama mō te tiaki manawa. Ka tino nui te tirotiro tonu me tō taote.

Ko te tango i ēnei mahi aukati he mea nui ina koa ki te whai koe i ngā mema whānau he emphysema, he take morearea rānei kaore e taea te whakahaere. Ko ngā whiringa iti o ia rā ka taea te whakarereke nui i tō hauora manawa roa.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te emphysema?

Ko te whakatau i te emphysema ka tīmata i te ui a tō taote i ngā patai taipitopito mō ō tōmhanga, te hītori kai hikareti, me ngā whakamahinga mahi, taiao rānei. Ka whakarongo hoki rātou ki ō ringaringa me te stethoscope, ka kite pea i ngā oro manawa iti, te whewhe rānei.

Ko te whakamātautau tino nui mō te whakau i te emphysema ko te spirometry, e ine ana i te nui o te hau e taea e koe te manawa, te tere rānei e taea ai e koe te whakaheke i ō ringaringa. Ko tēnei whakamātautau kore mamae e uru ana ki te manawa ki roto i te pūkaha e hono ana ki te mīhini e tuhi ana i te mahi o ō ringaringa.

Ka tūtohutia pea e tō taote ētahi atu whakamātautau hei tiki i te whakaahua katoa:

• Ngā X-ray uma hei titiro ki te pakaru o te manawa, ahakoa kaore pea te emphysema o mua e puta mai
• Ngā tirohanga CT e whakarato ana i ngā whakaahua taipitopito o te kiko o ō ringaringa
• Ngā whakamātautau hau toto arterial hei ine i ngā taumata hau me te hau pāmahana
• Te whakamātautau toto alpha-1 antitrypsin ki te whakapaehia te emphysema ira
• Te electrocardiogram hei tirotiro i ngā raruraru ngakau e pā ana ki te mate manawa

I etahi wā ka mahi ngā taote i te whakamātautau hikoi ono meneti, kei reira e ine ana i te tawhiti e taea ai e koe te hikoi i roto i ngā meneti ono, me te tirotiro i ō taumata hau. Ka āwhina tenei ki te aromatawai i te pānga o te emphysema ki tō mahi o ia rā.

Ko te whiwhi i te whakatau tika he mea nui na te mea ka rerekē te maimoatanga emphysema mai i ētahi atu āhuatanga o te manawa. Ko te tukanga whakamātautau pea ka nui, engari ka āwhina i tō rōpū hauora ki te hanga i te mahere maimoatanga tino whai hua mō tō āhuatanga motuhake.

He aha te maimoatanga mō te emphysema?

Ahakoa kaore e taea te rongoā i te emphysema, ko ngā maimoatanga whai hua ka āwhina i a koe ki te manawa māmā ake, te noho mahi ake, te whakaheke rānei i te whanake o te pakaru o te manawa. Ko te matua ko te mahi tahi me tō rōpū hauora hei hanga i te mahere maimoatanga whānui e rite ana ki ō hiahia motuhake.

Ko ngā rongoā te turanga o ngā mahere maimoatanga emphysema:

• Ngā bronchodilators e whakahaere ana i ngā uaua o te ara hau me te whakatuwhera i ngā ara manawa
• Ngā corticosteroids e whakaiti ana i te mumura o te manawa
• Ngā inhalers whakakotahi e whakauru ana i ngā bronchodilators me ngā steroids
• Ngā rongoā waha mō ngā tōmhanga nui, ngā pupuhi maha rānei
• Ngā rongoā mate huka ina puta mai ngā mate huka

Ka tino nui te rongoā hau ina he iti rawa te taumata hau o te toto. He maha ngā tangata e whakamahi ana i ngā kaiwhakauru hau kawe e taea ai te noho mahi i te wa e whiwhi ana i te hau tāpiri.

Ko ngā kaupapa whakaora manawa e whakakotahi ana i te whakangungu mahi, te mātauranga, me ngā tikanga manawa hei āwhina i a koe ki te whakahaere pai i ngā tōmhanga. Ko ēnei kaupapa i te nuinga o te wā ka hipokihia e te inihua, ka taea te whakapai ake i tō kounga ora.

Mō te emphysema nui, ka whakaarohia pea ngā whiringa pokanga:

• Te pokanga whakaiti i te nui o te manawa hei tango i te kiko kua pakaru
• Te whakawhiti manawa i roto i ngā take motuhake
• Ngā tukanga bronchoscopic e whakamahi ana i ngā taputapu iti hei whakapai ake i te rere o te hau

Heoi, ko te maimoatanga tino nui ko te mutu i te kai hikareti ki te kai hikareti koe i tēnei wā. Ko tēnei mahi kotahi ka taea te whakaheke i te whanake o te mate atu i tetahi rongoā, te tukanga rānei.

Me pēhea te tiaki i a koe i te kāinga me te emphysema?

Ko te whakahaere i te emphysema i te kāinga e uru ana ki te hanga i ngā tikanga o ia rā e tautoko ana i te hauora o ō ringaringa me te āwhina i a koe ki te manawa māmā ake. Ko ngā huringa iti i tō mahi o ia rā ka taea te whakarereke nui ki te āhua o tō ngakau.

Ko ngā tikanga manawa ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakamahi i ō ringaringa nui ake:

• Te whakamahi i te manawa ngutu-pūrua mā te manawa ki roto i tō ihu me te manawa haere mā te ngutu pūrua
• Te whakamātautau i te manawa diaphragmatic hei whakapakari i tō uaua manawa matua
• Te whakamahi i te tikanga kōeke "huff" hei horoi i te wai kahore e ngenge koe
• Te whakahaere i ō mahi me te tango i ngā okioki ina ngenge koe i te manawa

Ko te hanga i te taiao kāinga e pai ana ki te manawa he mea nui:

• Pupuri i tō kāinga kia ma, kia kore puehu
• Whakamahia ngā kaitahuri hau hei tango i ngā pūtau me ngā mea pāwera
• Aukati i ngā kakara kaha, ngā matū horoi, ngā mea whakamahana aerosol rānei
• Pupuri i ngā taumata makuku pai i waenganui i te 30 me te 50 ōrau
• Whakaritehia ngā mahi i roto i te whare mō ngā rā he nui te paru hau

Noho mahi i roto i ō rohe mā te whiriwhiri i ngā mahi ngawari penei i te hikoi, te kauhoe, te totoro rānei. Ko te mahi tinana o ia rā ka āwhina i te pupuri i tō kaha me te pupuri i ō uaua manawa kia kaha.

Kai i te kai hauora me te maha o ngā hua me ngā huawhenua hei tautoko i tō pūnaha mate. Ki te ngaro koe i te taumaha na te uaua o te manawa, mahi tahi me te kai tohunga hei pupuri i te kai tika.

Me pēhea te whakarite mō tō hui taote?

Ko te whakarite mō tō haerenga ki te taote ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakamahi pai i tō wā tahi me te whakarite ka whiwhi koe i ngā korero me te tiaki e hiahia ana koe. He iti te whakarite ka haere atu ki te whai i te kōrero hua.

I mua i tō hui, kohia ngā korero nui mō tō hauora:

• Tuhia katoa ō tōmhanga me te wā e puta mai ana
• Rārangihia ngā rongoā, ngā huaora, me ngā tāpiri katoa e tango ana koe
• Tātaihia tō hītori kai hikareti, tae atu ki te wā i mutu ai koe ki te tika
• Tuhituhia ngā whakamahinga mahi, taiao rānei
• Mau mai ngā hua whakamātautau o mua, ngā rēkōta hauora rānei

Whakaritehia ngā patai hei ui ki tō taote:

• He aha te wā o te emphysema kei ahau?
• E hia te tere o te whanake o taku āhuatanga?
• He aha ngā whiringa maimoatanga kei ahau?
• Me pēhea taku aukati i te kino ake o aku tōmhanga?
• Nōhea ahau e whakapiri atu ai ki a koe mō ngā tōmhanga kino ake?
• He mahi kei te hiahia ahau ki te karo?

Whakaarohia te kawe mai i te mema whānau, te hoa rānei hei āwhina i a koe ki te mahara ki ngā korero nui me te whakarato i te tautoko hinengaro. Ka whakaaro pea rātou ki ngā patai kaore koe i whakaaro.

Kaua e whakaroa ki te ui mō te whakamārama ki te kore koe e mōhio ki tetahi mea. Kei te hiahia tō rōpū hauora ki te āwhina i a koe ki te whakahaere i tō āhuatanga, ka tīmata i te kōrero marama.

He aha te mea nui mō te emphysema?

Ko te emphysema tētahi āhuatanga manawa nui, engari me te maimoatanga tika me ngā huringa oranga, he maha ngā tangata e noho tonu ana i ngā oranga whai hua, mahi mo ngā tau maha i muri i te whakatau. Ko te matua ko te kite wawe, te maimoatanga tika, me te tango i te mahi kaha ki te whakahaere i tō hauora.

Kia mahara ko te emphysema ka tupu haere, ko te tikanga ko ngā mahi e tangohia ana e koe i tēnei rā ka taea te pānga nui ki te āhua o tō ngakau i te heke mai. Ko te mutu i te kai hikareti, te whai i tō mahere maimoatanga, me te noho mahi tinana i roto i ō rohe ko ngā taputapu kaha rawa atu kei a koe.

Ahakoa ka raru pea te whakatau i te tīmatanga, ehara koe i te kotahi i roto i tēnei haerenga. Ko tō rōpū hauora, whānau, me ngā rōpū tautoko ka taea te whakarato i te aratohu me te whakatenatena e hiahia ana koe ki te whakahaere i tō āhuatanga.

Aro atu ki te mea e taea e koe te whakahaere i te manukanuka ki te mea kaore e taea te huri. Me te huarahi tika, kaore te emphysema e taea te whakatau i tō oranga, te aukati rānei i a koe i te pai o ngā mahi me ngā hononga e tino nui ana ki a koe.

Ngā patai maha e uihia ana mō te emphysema

Ka taea te hoki mai, te rongoā rānei i te emphysema?

Kaore e taea te rongoā, te hoki mai rānei i te emphysema na te mea ko te pakaru o te kiko manawa he mea pumau. Heoi, ko ngā maimoatanga ka taea te whakaheke i te whanake o te mate, te whakaiti i ngā tōmhanga, me te āwhina i a koe ki te pupuri i te kounga ora pai. Ko te maimoatanga wawe he mea nui mō ngā hua pai.

E hia te roa e taea ai te noho me te emphysema?

Ko te roa o te ora me te emphysema ka rerekē nui kei runga i te wā o te whakatau, te pai o tō whakautu ki te maimoatanga, me ngā take oranga penei i te mutu i te kai hikareti. He maha ngā tangata e ora ana mo ngā tekau tau i muri i te whakatau, ina koa rātou e mutu ana te kai hikareti me te whai tonu i tō rātou mahere maimoatanga.

He kai hikareti tonu te take o te emphysema?

Ahakoa ko te kai hikareti te take o te nuinga o ngā take emphysema, ko te 10 ki te 15 ōrau o ngā take e puta mai ana i ētahi atu take. Ko ēnei ko te kore o te alpha-1 antitrypsin, te whakamahinga roa ki te paru hau, ngā matū mahi, ngā mate manawa maha rānei. Ka whanake etahi tangata i te emphysema mai i te whakakotahitanga o ngā take ira me ngā taiao.

He aha te rerekētanga i waenganui i te emphysema me te bronchitis ā-rohe roa?

Ko ngā āhuatanga e rua he momo COPD, engari ka pā ki ngā wāhanga rerekē o ō ringaringa. Ko te emphysema e pakaru ana i ngā pūngāwerewere iti kei reira te whakawhiti hau, ko te bronchitis ā-rohe roa e mumura ana, e whakaiti ana i ngā ara hau e kawe ana i te hau ki, mai i ō ringaringa. He maha ngā tangata e whai ana i ngā āhuatanga e rua i te wā kotahi.

Ka taea te āwhina i ngā tōmhanga emphysema te mahi tinana?

Ae, ko te mahi tinana tētahi o ngā maimoatanga tino whai hua mō te emphysema. Ko te mahi tinana e whakapakari ana i ō uaua manawa, e whakapai ake ana i tō kaha, e āwhina ana i a koe ki te whakamahi i te hau nui ake. Tīmata haere māmā me te mahi tahi me tō rōpū hauora hei whakawhanake i te kaupapa mahi haumaru e rite ana ki tō taumata hauora o nāianei.