Epiglottitis

Ko te korokoro kei roto te whekau kai, te ngākau, te arero, ngā tonsils me te epiglottis.

Ka puta te epiglottitis ina pupū te epiglottis—he iti te kōiri 'potae' e hipoki ana i te ngākau—ka pupū. Ka aukati te pupū i te rere o te hau ki ngā pūkahukahu. Ka mate pea te epiglottitis.

He maha ngā take ka pupū ai te epiglottis. Kei roto i ēnei take ngā mate pukupuku, ngā tahunga mai i ngā wai wera me ngā whara ki te korokoro.

Ka puta pea te epiglottitis i tetahi tau. I mua, ko ngā tamariki anake te nuinga i whiwhi. Ko te take tino nui o te epiglottitis i ngā tamariki ko te mate pukupuku Haemophilus influenzae momo b (Hib). Ka puta hoki te huaketo i te numonīa, te meningitis me ngā mate toto.

Kua meinga e te inopere Hib noa mō ngā pēpi te epiglottitis he mea onge ki ngā tamariki. Kua noa ake inaianei ki ngā pakeke. Me āwhina wawe te āhuatanga kia kore ai e puta ngā raruraru mate.

Ka taea e ngā tamariki te whanake i ngā tohu o te epiglottitis i roto i ngā haora. Ko ngā tohu ka uru atu ki: Te kirika. Te mamae o te korokoro. Te tangi rerekee, teitei te reo i te manawa atu, e kiia ana ko te stridor. Te ngākau kino me te mamae o te horomi. Te ngaungaue. Te ahua manukanuka me te riri. Te noho tika ake rānei te tōia atu ki mua kia ngāwari ai te manawa. Ka raru pea ngā pakeke i ngā tohu i runga i ngā rā, ehara i te haora. Ko ngā tohu ka uru atu ki: Te mamae o te korokoro. Te kirika. Te reo kōkī rānei te reo ngākau. Te tangi rerekee, teitei te reo i te manawa atu, e kiia ana ko te stridor. Te uaua ki te manawa. Te uaua ki te horomi. Te ngaungaue. He mate ngāwari te epiglottitis. Ki te pēhea rānei te tangata e mohiotia ana e koe ka ruha te manawa me te horomi, karanga atu ki tō tau waea urupare o te rohe, kāore rānei haere ki te tari urupare o te hohipera tata rawa atu. Whakamātauria te pupuri i te tangata mā te noho pūmau, no te mea ka taea e tēnei tūnga te whakahaere i te manawa.

Ko te epiglottitis he mate āwhāwhā. Ki te pēhea rānei te manawa me te horomi mō tetahi, karanga atu ki tō tau waea āwhāwhā o te rohe, kāore rānei haere ki te wāhanga āwhāwhā o te hōhipera tata mai. Whakamātauria te pupuri i te tangata mā te rangimarie me te tu tika, nā te mea ka taea e tēnei tūnga te ngāwari ake te manawa.

Ko te mate pāwera, te whara rānei te take o te epiglottitis.

I mua, ko te take noa o te pupū me te mumura o te epiglottis me ngā kiko e karapotia ana ko te mate pāwera i te huakita Haemophilus influenzae momo b (Hib). Ko te Hib te take o ētahi atu āhuatanga, ko te mea noa rawa ko te meningitis. Kua iti haere te Hib inaianei i ngā whenua whānui e whiwhi ana ngā tamariki i ngā werohanga Hib.

Ka horapa te Hib ina ūkō te tangata mate pāwera, te ngunguru rānei i ngā matūriki ki te rangi. He mea pēnei te whai Hib i roto i te ihu me te korokoro kaore e mate. Engari he mea pēnei tonu te horapa atu ki ētahi atu.

I roto i ngā pakeke, ka taea hoki e ētahi atu huakita me ngā huaketo te pupū o te epiglottis. Kei roto i ēnei:

• Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Ka taea e tēnei huakita te whakaeke i te meningitis, te pneumonia, te mate taringa me te mate toto.
• Streptococcus A, B me C. Ka taea e tēnei rōpū huakita te whakaeke i ngā mate mai i te mate korokoro strep tae atu ki te mate toto.
• Staphylococcus aureus. Ko tēnei huakita te take o ngā mate kiri me ētahi atu mate tae atu ki te pneumonia me te mate pāwera kawa.

Ko te whara tinana, pēnei i te whiu ki te korokoro, ka taea te whakaeke i te epiglottitis. Ka taea hoki e ngā tahunga mai i te inu wai wera rawa me te manawa i te paowa mai i te ahi.

Ka puta mai ngā tohu pēnei i te epiglottitis mai i:

• Te horomia i te matū e tahuna ana te korokoro.
• Te horomia i te mea.
• Te whakakī i ngā rongoā, pēnei i te crack cocaine.
• Te whakakī i ngā hikareti hiko.

Ko ētahi take e piki ai te tūponotanga o te whiwhi i te epiglottitis, tae atu ki:

• Te ngoikore o te pūnaha ārai mate. Ka taea e te pūnaha ārai mate kua ngoikoretia e te mate, te rongoā rānei te whiwhi ngāwari atu ki ngā mate huaketo e āhei ana te tupu o te epiglottitis.
• Te kore i te whakakakau katoa. Mā te whakarere i ngā whakakakau, te kore rānei e whiwhi i te wā tika, ka waiho te tamaiti kia tuwhera ki te Haemophilus influenzae momo b (Hib) ā, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te epiglottitis.

Ka taea e te epiglottitis te tupu he maha o ngā raruraru, tae atu ki:

• Te kore o te manawa. He iti te epiglottis, he 'potae' neke ka tuu i runga ake i te larynx, ka aukati i te kai me te inu kei tomo ki te ngongo hau. Ka taea e te pupuhi o te epiglottis te aukati katoa i te ara hau.

  Ka taea e tenei te arahi ki te kore o te manawa, ki te kore ranei o te manawa. I roto i tenei āhuatanga kino e wehi ai te ora, ka heke rawa te taumata o te hāora i roto i te toto.

• Te hora o te mate. I etahi wā, ko ngā pūtau mate e pā ana ki te epiglottitis ka pā te mate ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana. Ka uru atu ki ngā mate te mumura o ngā pūkahukahu, te meningitis, te mate ranei o te toto.

Te kore o te manawa. He iti te epiglottis, he 'potae' neke ka tuu i runga ake i te larynx, ka aukati i te kai me te inu kei tomo ki te ngongo hau. Ka taea e te pupuhi o te epiglottis te aukati katoa i te ara hau.

Ka taea e tenei te arahi ki te kore o te manawa, ki te kore ranei o te manawa. I roto i tenei āhuatanga kino e wehi ai te ora, ka heke rawa te taumata o te hāora i roto i te toto.

Ko te whiwhi i te werohinga Haemophilus influenzae momo b (Hib) ka ārai i te epiglottitis e puta mai ana i te Hib. I roto i te United States, e toru, e whā rānei ngā wa e whiwhi ai ngā tamariki i te werohinga:

• I te 2 marama.
• I te 4 marama.
• I te 6 marama, ki te whiwhi te tamaiti i te werohinga whā-wa.
• I te 12 ki te 15 marama.

Nō te iti o te mate Hib i ngā tamariki pakeke atu i te 5 tau me ngā pakeke, kāore rātou e whiwhi werohinga. Engari, ko te tohutohu a te Centers for Disease Control and Prevention mō ngā tamariki pakeke me ngā pakeke he ngoikore o rātou pūnaha ārai mate, nā te:

• Mate pū toto whero kōroke.
• HIV/AIDS.
• Tango atu i te kōpū.
• Chemotherapy.
• Rongoā hei ārai i te whakakahorenga o ngā nekehanga o ngā whatunga, o ngā wheua rānei.
• Pāwera mate pāwera. Me āwhina wawe te pāwera mate pāwera. Ahakoa he iti te tūponotanga, ka pāwera pea te manawa, te whewhe, te urupare, te ngoikore, te tere o te ngākau, te māuiui rānei i roto i ngā meneti, i ngā haora rānei i muri i te werohinga.
• Ngā pānga iti pea. Kei roto i ēnei ngā whero, te wera, te pupū, te mamae rānei i te wāhi werohinga, me te kirika.

Kāore te werohinga Hib i te kore-he. Kua pangia etahi tamariki kua werohingatia e te epiglottitis—a he maha atu ngā mate ka puta te epiglottitis. Koinei te wāhi e whakamahia ai te hinengaro noa:

• Kaua e tuwha ngā taonga whaiaro.
• Horoi ngā ringa maha.
• Whakamahia he kai horoi ringa whai waipiro ki te kore he wai me te hopi.

Tuatahi, ka whakarite te rōpū hauora kei te tuwhera te ara hau, ā, kei te ranea te hāora e tomo ana. Ka aroturuki te rōpū i te manawa me ngā taumata hāora o te toto.

Ka pēhea rā te iti haere o ngā taumata hāora, ka hiahiatia pea te āwhina manawa.

• Tirohanga korokoro. Mā te whakamahi i te pūnaha whakamarama ngongo ngongo kōpū, ka titiro te kaiwhakarato hauora ki te korokoro i roto i te ihu kia kite i ngā take o ngā tohu. Ka taea e te rongoā whakahaumaru i te ihu te whakaorangi i te whakamātautau. Ka taea pea tenei i roto i te ruma mahi, ki te aukati te ara hau.
• X-ray uma rānei kaki. Kāoho rātou mō te whakatau, engari ka āwhina pea ngā X-ray i ngā kaiwhakarato ki te tirotiro mena kei a koe te epiglottitis. Ki te epiglottitis, ka whakaatu pea te X-ray i te mea e rite ana ki te tohu o te ringa ki te kaki. He tohu tēnei mō te epiglottis nui.
• Whakatipu korokoro me ngā whakamātautau toto. Kia pumau te manawa, ka horoi te mema o te rōpū i te epiglottis mā te kāpia koati, ka tirotiro i te tauira kiko mō te Hib. Ka taea e ngā whakatipu toto te kimi mena kei te pāngia koe e te mate huaketo o te toto e kiia nei ko te bacteremia. I te nuinga o te wā kei te puta te bacteremia me te epiglottitis.

Ko te āwhina i te tangata kia māngai te mahi tuatahi i te whakaora i te epiglottitis. Katahi ka aro te rongoā ki te mate.

Ko te whakarite kia māngai pai koe, rānei tō tamaiti, pea:

• Te kakahu i te pūeru hau. Ka tukuna e te pūeru te hau atu ki ngā pūkahukahu.
• Te whakanoho i tētahi tūpū māngai ki roto i te ngākau māngai i roto i te ihu, i te waha rānei, e kiia nei ko te intubation. Ka noho tonu te tūpū i te wāhi tae noa ki te heke iho te pupū i te korokoro. Ka roa pea tēnei i ngā rā maha.
• Te whakanoho i tētahi ngira ki te ngākau māngai, e kiia nei ko te needle cricothyroidotomy. I etahi wā, ka hangaia e tētahi kaiwhakarongo hauora tētahi ara hau āwangawanga. Hei whiwhi tere i te hau ki ngā pūkahukahu, ka whakanoho tētahi kaiwhakarongo i tētahi ngira ki tētahi wāhi o te karati i te ngākau māngai, e kiia ana hoki ko te trachea.

Ka whakaora ngā rongoā mate huaketo e hoatu ana mā te uaua i te epiglottitis.

• Rongoā mate huaketo whānui. Me whakaora tere te mate. No reira, pea ka tohu tētahi kaiwhakarongo hauora i te rongoā whānui tonu, kaua e tatari ki ngā hua o ngā whakamātautau toto me ngā kōhungahunga kiko.
• Rongoā mate huaketo āta whai. Pea ka whakarerekē te rongoā tuatahi i muri mai, kei te whakawhirinaki ki te aha te take o te epiglottitis.

Kaore he uauatanga