Hāpāpā

Ko te hihi-roa (hyperopia) he āhuatanga tirohanga noa i te wa e taea ai e koe te kite mārama i ngā mea tawhiti, engari ko ngā mea e tata ana pea ka mōrearea.

Ko te nui o tō hihi-roa te awe i tō kaha ki te aro. Ko te hunga he hihi-roa nui pea ka taea e rātou te kite mārama i ngā mea tawhiti anake, i te wā ka taea e te hunga he hihi-roa ngawari te kite mārama i ngā mea e tata atu ana.

Ko te nuinga o te wā ka puta mai te hihi-roa i te wā whānau ka ahu mai i roto i ngā whānau. Ka taea e koe te whakatika ngāwari i tēnei āhuatanga mā ngā karāhe rānei ngā karāhe whakapiri. Ko tētahi atu whiringa maimoatanga ko te pokanga.

Ko te hihimatanga o te tirohanga ka taea te tikanga: Ka ngāwari pea ngā mea e tata ana Me whakakī te kanohi kia kite mārama ai Kei a koe te mamae o te kanohi, tae atu ki te tahunga o te kanohi, me te mamae i roto i te kanohi, i te taha rānei o te kanohi Kei a koe te kore ngāwari o te kanohi whānui, te mamae o te mahunga rānei i muri i te mahi i ngā mahi tata, pēnei i te pānui, te tuhituhi, te mahi rorohiko, te tuhi rānei, mō tētahi wā Mena he nui te rahi o tō hihimatanga o te tirohanga ka kore e taea e koe te mahi i tētahi mahi pera me tō hiahia, te whakaiti rānei o tō kounga tirohanga i tō ngākau nui ki ngā mahi, tirohia tētahi taote kanohi. Ka taea e ia te whakatau i te nui o tō hihimatanga o te tirohanga, ā, ka whakaatu ki a koe ngā kōwhiringa hei whakatika i tō tirohanga. Mai i te mea kaore pea i te kitea tonu kei te raru koe ki tō tirohanga, ka tūtohu te American Academy of Ophthalmology i ngā wā e whai ake nei mō ngā whakamātau kanohi noa: Ki te mea kei te nui te tūponotanga o ētahi mate kanohi, pēnei i te glaucoma, whiwhi i te whakamātau kanohi whānui i ia tau kotahi ki te rua tau, i te tīmatanga i te tau 40. Ki te kore koe e kakahu i ngā karāhe rānei i ngā hononga, kāore hoki he tohu o te raru o te kanohi, ā, kei te iti te tūponotanga o te whanaketanga o ngā mate kanohi, pēnei i te glaucoma, whiwhi i te whakamātau kanohi i ngā wā e whai ake nei: Te whakamātau tuatahi i te 40 Ia rua ki te whā tau i waenganui i ngā tau 40 me te 54 Ia tau kotahi ki te toru tau i waenganui i ngā tau 55 me te 64 Ia tau kotahi ki te rua tau i te tīmatanga i te tau 65 Ki te kakahu koe i ngā karāhe, i ngā hononga rānei, kei a koe rānei tētahi āhuatanga hauora e pā ana ki te kanohi, pēnei i te mate huka, ka hiahia pea koe ki te tirotiro i ō kanohi i ia wā. Pātai atu ki tō taote kanohi te auau e hiahia ana koe ki te whakarite i ō whakatau. Engari, ki te kite koe i ngā raruraru ki tō tirohanga, whakarite i te whakatau me tō taote kanohi i te wa e taea ai, ahakoa kua tata koe ki te whakamātau kanohi. Ko te tirohanga ngāwari, hei tauira, ka taea te kōrero kei te hiahia koe ki te huringa rongoā, te tohu rānei o tētahi atu raruraru. Me whakamātau ngā tamariki mō te mate kanohi, me whakamātau hoki to rātou tirohanga e te taote tamariki, tētahi ophthalmologist, tētahi optometrist, tētahi kaiwhakamātau whakangungua rānei i ngā tau me ngā wā e whai ake nei. Tau 6 marama Tau 3 I mua i te akomanga tuatahi, me ia rua tau i ngā tau kura, i ngā haerenga hauora tamariki pai, i ngā whakamātau kura, i ngā whakamātau tūmatanui rānei

Mēnā he nui te pūmau o tō tirohanga whāiti kia kore ai e taea e koe te mahi i tētahi mahi pēnei me tō hiahia, te iti rānei o te kounga o tō tirohanga e whakaiti ana i tō ngākau hari i ngā mahi, tirohia tētahi tohunga kanohi. Ka taea e ia te whakatau i te pūmau o tō tirohanga whāiti, ā, ka whakaatu ki a koe ngā huarahi hei whakatika i tō tirohanga.

No te mea ehara pea i te mea ngāwari tonu te kite he raruraru kei a koe ki tō tirohanga, ka tūtohu te American Academy of Ophthalmology i ngā wā e whai ake nei mō ngā whakamātau kanohi noa:

Mēnā kei te nui te tūponotanga o ētahi mate kanohi, pēnei i te glaucoma, whiwhi i tētahi whakamātau kanohi whānui i ia tau kotahi ki te rua, ā, tīmata i te tau 40.

Mēnā kaore koe e kakahu karāhe rānei kōnati, kāore hoki he tohu o te raruraru kanohi, ā, kei te iti te tūponotanga o te whanaketanga o ngā mate kanohi, pēnei i te glaucoma, whiwhi i tētahi whakamātau kanohi i ngā wā e whai ake nei:

• He whakamātau tuatahi i te 40
• Ia rua ki te whā tau i waenganui i ngā tau 40 me te 54
• Ia kotahi ki te toru tau i waenganui i ngā tau 55 me te 64
• Ia kotahi ki te rua tau, tīmata i te tau 65

Mēnā kei te kakahu koe i ngā karāhe, kōnati rānei, kei a koe rānei tētahi āhuatanga hauora e pā ana ki ngā kanohi, pēnei i te mate huka, ka hiahia pea koe ki te tirotiro i ō kanohi i ia wā. Pātai atu ki tō tohunga kanohi te auau e hiahia ana koe ki te whakarite i ō whakatau. Engari, ki te kite koe i ngā raruraru ki tō tirohanga, whakarite i tētahi whakatau me tō tohunga kanohi i te wa e taea ai, ahakoa kua tata koe ki te whakamātau kanohi. Ko te tirohanga mōrearea, hei tauira, ka taea te whakaatu kei te hiahia koe ki tētahi huringa rongoā, te tohu rānei o tētahi atu raruraru.

Me tirotiro ngā tamariki mō te mate kanohi, me whakamātau hoki to rātou tirohanga e te taote tamariki, tētahi tohunga kanohi, tētahi tohunga kanohi, tētahi kaiwhakamātau whakangungua rānei i ngā tau me ngā wā e whai ake nei.

• Tau 6 marama
• Tau 3 tau
• I mua i te akomanga tuatahi, ā, ia rua tau i ngā tau kura, i ngā haerenga hauora tamariki pai, i ngā whakamātau kura, i ngā whakamātau tūmatanui rānei

Ko te kanohi he hanganga uaua, he mea pakupaku hoki, e whāiti ana te rahi ki te 1 inihi (2.5 henimita) te whānuitanga. Ka whiwhi ia i te miriona o ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te ao o waho, ka tukatuka wawetia e tō roro.

Ki te tirohanga noa, ka āta whakaritea te ahua ki runga i te mata o te retina. I roto i te hyperopia, ka taka te tūāwhiti i muri i te retina, ka puta he mōrearea ngā mea e tata ana.

E rua ngā wāhanga o tō kanohi e whakarite ana i ngā ahua:

• Te cornea ko te mata o mua o tō kanohi, he mā, he rite ki te kopere.
• Te lens he hanganga mā, he rite te rahi me te āhua ki te konāte M&M.

I roto i te kanohi he āhua noa, kei ia o ēnei āhuatanga whakarite he kōkī tino ngawari, pēnei i te mata o te pōro maramara. Ka piko (ka whakarite) ngā cornea me te lens i ngā rā o te mārama katoa kia puta he ahua āta whakarite tika ki runga i te retina, kei muri o tō kanohi.

Ki te kore te cornea, te lens rānei e piko tika ana, ka kore ngā rā o te mārama e whakarite tika, ka puta he hapa whakarite.

Ka puta te hyperopia ina poto ake tō poroporo kanohi i te noa, te iti rawa rānei te piko o tō cornea. Ko te hua he rerekē ki te myopia.

I tua atu i te hyperopia, ko ētahi atu hapa whakarite ko:

• Te myopia. Ka puta te myopia ina roa ake tō poroporo kanohi i te noa, te nui rawa rānei te piko o tō cornea. Ki te kore e āta whakaritea ki runga i tō retina, ka whakaritea te mārama ki mua o tō retina, ka puta he mōrearea ngā mea tawhiti.
• Te astigmatism. Ka puta tēnei ina nui ake te piko o tō cornea, te lens rānei i tētahi taha atu i tetahi. Ka mōrearea tō tirohanga ki te kore e whakatika te astigmatism.

Kaore he uauatanga

Ka taea te hono atu o te mata-roa ki etahi raruraru, penei i te:

• Ngā kanohi kōwhatu. Ka taea e etahi tamariki he mata-roa te whanake i ngā kanohi kōwhatu. Ka taea te whakaora i tēnei raruraru mā ngā karāhe kanohi kua hoahoa motuhake hei whakatika i tetahi wāhanga, i te katoa rānei o te mata-roa.
• Te hekenga o te kounga o te ora. Mā te kore e whakatika i te mata-roa, pea ka kore e taea e koe te mahi i tētahi mahi pēnei me tō hiahia. Ā, ka taea e tō tirohanga iti te whakaiti i tō ngākau hari i ngā mahi o ia rā.
• Te mamae o te kanohi. Mā te kore e whakatika i te mata-roa, pea ka whakapau kaha koe ki te pēpehi, ki te whakapau kaha rānei i ō kanohi hei pupuri i te aro. Ka taea e tēnei te arahi ki te mamae o te kanohi me ngā mamae o te mahunga.
• Te whakaiti o te haumaru. Ka taea te whakawehi i tō haumaru ake me te haumaru o ētahi atu ki te kore e whakatika i tētahi raruraru tirohanga. Ka tino kino pea tēnei mena kei te taraiwa waka koe, kei te whakahaere rānei i ngā taputapu taimaha.

Kaore he uauatanga

Ko te kite tawhiti ka tautuhia e te tirohanga kanohi whanui, e whakauru ana i te aromatawai whakaheke me te tirotiro hauora kanohi. Ka tautuhi te aromatawai whakaheke mena kei a koe nga raruraru tirohanga penei i te kite tata, te kite tawhiti, te astigmatism, te presbyopia ranei. Akene ka whakamahi to taakuta i nga taputapu maha ka tono ki a koe kia titiro ma roto i nga karaihe maha hei whakamatautau i to tirohanga tawhiti me te tata. Akene ka maka e to taakuta kanohi etahi matū ki o kanohi hei whakawhānui i ō ngākau mo te tirotiro hauora kanohi. Ka taea e tenei te whakaiti i te marama o ou kanohi mo etahi haora i muri i te tirotiro. Ka taea e te whakawhānui te kite a to taakuta i nga tirohanga whānui i roto i ou kanohi.

Ko te whāinga o te whakaora i te hihimatanga atu ko te awhina i te aro o te mārama ki te retina mā te whakamahi i ngā karāhe whakatikatika rānei i te pokanga whakatikatika.

I ngā tāngata kōuri, ehara i te mea e tika ana te whakaora i ngā wā katoa, nā te mea he ngāwari te toronga o ngā karāhe kōhatu kei roto i ngā kanohi ki te whakakapi i te āhuatanga. Kei te whakawhirinaki ki te taumata o te hihimatanga atu, pea ka hiahia koe ki ngā karāhe rongoā hei whakapai ake i tō tirohanga tata. He tino pea tenei i te wā e koroheke ana koe, ā, ka iti haere te toronga o ngā karāhe kei roto i ō kanohi.

Ko te kakahu i ngā karāhe rongoā e whakaora ana i te hihimatanga atu mā te whakakore i te iti o te kōwhiti o tō cornea, te iti rānei o te rahi (roa) o tō kanohi. Ko ngā momo karāhe rongoā e whai ake nei:

• Kanohi karāhe. He huarahi ngāwari, haumaru tēnei hei whakakoi i te tirohanga i puta mai i te hihimatanga atu. He whānuitia te momo o ngā karāhe kanohi, ā, kei roto i ēnei ngā tirohanga kotahi, ngā bifocals, ngā trifocals me ngā multifocals whakamua.
• Ngā karāhe hononga. Kei te mau ēnei karāhe ki ō kanohi. Kei te wātea i roto i te maha o ngā rauemi me ngā hoahoa, tae atu ki ngā ngawari me ngā pakari, te hau e uru ana ki te whakakotahitanga me ngā hoahoa porowhita, toric, multifocal me monovision. Pātai atu ki tō tākuta kanohi mō ngā painga me ngā morearea o ngā karāhe hononga, me te mea pea ka pai ki a koe.

Ahakoa ko te nuinga o ngā tukanga pokanga whakatikatika e whakamahia ana hei whakaora i te hihimatanga tata, ka taea hoki te whakamahi mō te hihimatanga atu ngawari ki te reo. Ka whakatika ēnei whakaora pokanga i te hihimatanga atu mā te hanga hou i te kōwhiti o tō cornea. Ko ngā tikanga pokanga whakatikatika e whai ake nei:

• Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). I tenei tukanga, ka hanga e tō tākuta kanohi he papa angiangi, he whatiwhati ki tō cornea. Katahi ka whakamahi ia i te laser hei whakarite i ngā kōwhiti o te cornea e whakatika ana i te hihimatanga atu. Ko te ora mai i te pokanga LASIK he tere ake te nuinga, ā, he iti ake te mamae i ētahi atu pokanga cornea.
• Laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK). Ka hanga e te taote he papa angiangi rawa atu i te upoko tiaki o waho o te cornea (epithelium). Katahi ka whakamahi ia i te laser hei hanga hou i ngā paparanga o waho o te cornea, te whakarereke i tōna kōwhiti, ā, ka whakakapi i te epithelium.
• Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). He rite tēnei tukanga ki te LASEK, engari ka tangohia katoatia e te taote te epithelium, katahi ka whakamahi i te laser hei hanga hou i te cornea. Kāore te epithelium i te whakakapihia, engari ka tipu ano mai, ka rite ki te ahua hou o tō cornea.

Kōrero atu ki tō taote mō ngā pānga taha pea o te pokanga whakatikatika.

Kaore he uauatanga